177,689 research outputs found
Ovine skin organotypic cultures applied to the ex vivo study of orf virus infection
No full textThe orf virus is the causal agent of contagious ecthyma; a pustular dermatitis of sheep, goats and humans. The orf is an epitheliotropic virus causing lesions, localized in skin and mucosae, that typically progress through the stages of erythema, papule, pustule and scab.
Organotypic human skin cultures (rafts) have already been successfully been used in several research applications (Snoeck et al., 2002) demostrating that they can reproduce the morphology of human skin in vivo. In veterinary medicine, the organotypic skin equivalent could represent an alternative to animal models in the study of the pathogenesis of epitheliotropic viruses. The aim of this study was to develop ovine skin equivalents from differentiated cultures of lamb keratinocytes for the ex vivo study of orf virus infection
Amidate Prodrugs of <i>O</i>-2-Alkylated Pyrimidine Acyclic Nucleosides Display Potent Anti-Herpesvirus Activity
No full textThree series of amidate prodrugs of O-2-alkylated acyclic nucleosides of the 3-fluoro-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (FPMP), cyclic 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxypropyl) (cHPMP), and 2-(phosphonomethoxypropyl) (PMP)-type featuring cytosine and 5-fluorocytosine as nucleobases were readily synthesized. Both the aspartic acid ester and valine ester prodrugs of (R)-O-2-alkylated FPMPC exhibited potent anti-HCMV and VZV activity in the micromolar range. In addition, the valine ester prodrugs of 5-fluorocytosine (R)-O-2-alkylated FPMP and (R)-O-2-alkylated cHPMPC showed inhibitory activity at molar concentrations against these viruses.sponsorship: We wish to thank Raj Kalkeri and Roger G. Ptak at the Southern Research Institute for testing against HBV. Testing was conducted using federal funds from the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), NIAID/NIH under contract IV19VB12839 entitled "Anti-HBV screening of (R)-O-2-alkylated cytosine Asp-prodrug analogues". In addition, we are grateful to Ellen De Waegenaere, Brecht Dirix, and Luc Baudemprez for excellent technical assistance. (Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), NIAID/NIH|IV19VB12839)status: Publishe
Management and architecture click: The FAD(E)E Framework.
No full textEnterprises are living things. They constantly need to be (re-)architected in order to achieve the necessary agility, alignment and integration. This paper gives a high-level overview of how companies can go about doing 'enterprise architecture' in the context of both the classic (isolated) enterprise and the Extended Enterprise. By discussing the goals that are pursued in an enterprise architecture effort we reveal some basic requirements that can be put on the process of architecting the enterprise. The relationship between managing and architecting the enterprise is discussed and clarified in the FAD(E)E, the Framework for the Architectural Development of the (Extended) Enterprise.Management; Architecture; Framework;
Validité d'un modèle dans l'appréciation partielle de la dépense énergétique d'une épreuve de marathon
No full textThe metabolic model of Péronnet et al. (1983) has been compared to experimental data collected on 36 men submitted to an exhaustive exercise on bicycle ergometer and to a marathon race (42.2 km). The predicted values of the Péronnet model have been compared to an extension of the model modified by the thermal estimates (model of Snoeck). The calculated VO2 max recorded from the performance time of the marathon race (Péronnet) was not statistically different (1.7 ml/kg.min) from the values obtained from the laboratory test. An underestimation of 3.1% of body fat has been observed in the model of Péronnet as compared to the skinfold method. However, a high statistical correlation (r=0.814) was obtained between the skinfold method (Durnin) and the estimation from the wrist circumference, the height and the weight (Péronnet). The weight deficit has been overestimated in the model of Péronnet when compared to weighing measurements and to the corrected model of Snoeck. The discrepancy of the former model to the observed values seems to be due to an overestimation of the convective heat exchange, the evaporative heat loss and the sweat rate. Moreover, there is a 2.4% lack in the estimation of the total energy cost in the model of Péronnet which does not take the aerodynamic drag into account (model of Snoeck). Eventually, there is a satisfactory validation of the changes of glycemia between the model of Péronnet and the measured level of blood glucose during the marathon event, the mean differences (rest-post-exercise) being 0.09 mmoles/1 and -0.31 mmoles/1 respectively (no statistical difference). © 1987 Editions Scientifiques Elsevier.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
ENACTEST - European Innovation Alliance for Testing Education
No full textTesting software is very important, but not done well, resulting in problematic and erroneous software applications. The cause radicates from a skills mismatch between what is needed in industry, the learning needs of students, and the way testing is currently being taught at higher and vocational education institutes. The goal of this project is to identify and design seamless teaching materials for testing that are aligned with industry and learning needs. To represent the entire socio-economic environment that will benefit from the results, this project consortium is composed of a diverse set of partners ranging from universities to small enterprises. The project starts with research in sensemaking and cognitive models when doing and learning testing. Moreover, a study will be done to identify the needs of industry for training and knowledge transfer processes for testing. Based on the outcomes of this research and the study, we will design and develop capsules on teaching software testing including the instructional materials that take into account the cognitive models of students and the industry needs. Finally, we will validate these teaching testing capsules developed during the project
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