1,720,997 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Essays on inequality in human capital development
Get PDFThis thesis is comprised of three self-contained essays, each of which attempts to understand the
early origins of inequality in “human capital”. Motivated by the unequal rise in rates of childhood
obesity over the past four decades, the first focusses on the relationship between socioeconomic
status and the incidence of overweight and obesity across childhood in a cohort of children born
in the UK between 2000 and 2002. It analyses the relationship between conditions as early as 9
months of age and the likelihood a child is overweight or obese at age 14, and then documents
how the contemporaneous relationship between parental income and weight and children’s weight
changes over time.
The second chapter then focusses on health more generally among the same cohort, and
estimates the developmental path of health over childhood. It also asks how health affects the
accumulation of cognitive and socio-emotional skills over the same period. Given evidence of the
link between health and socioeconomic status, doing so adds to the evidence on the early origins
of disparities in health and how they affect - or are affected by - skills. Because characteristics
like health and cognitive and socio-emotional skill cannot be measured perfectly, this chapter
uses recent methodological advances for estimating non-linear dynamic factor models to estimate
a model of child development that accounts for mismeasurement of children’s human capital and
the early environment.
Lastly, the third essay analyses the development of socio-emotional skills in cohort of
Peruvian children born in 1994. It also analyses how socio-emotional skills develop alongside
cognition and, in early adulthood at age 22, how they affect the likelihood of engagement in risky
behaviours. Over the past two decades, socio-emotional skills have been established as important
determinants of social and economic outcomes. This chapter uses the same methodology as in
Chapter 2 to understand their development, how they are affected by early circumstances and
whether they influence young adults’ behaviour
Essays on labour and development economics
Get PDFThis thesis presents three essays, each seeking to deepen our understanding of labour
markets. The first essay studies the response of real wages and hours of new hires to the
business cycle during the UK’s Great Recession. The second essay analysis in how far
the assumption of rational expectations in the Mortensen-Pissarides model is required
for the economy to converge to an equilibrium. In particular, it asks if it is possible for
economic agents to use simple linear forecast rules and still ensure convergence to the
rational expectations equilibrium. The final essay seeks to determine whether labour
income shares at the sectoral level are constant across countries, as is usually assumed
in the literature, and whether this assumption quantitatively matters. Therefore, it takes
the input-output structures across countries into account, and conducts a development
accounting exercise.
Real wages and hours in the Great Recession: Evidence from firms and their
entry-level jobs
Using employer-employee panel data, I provide novel facts on how real wages and
working hours within jobs responded to the UK’s Great Recession. In contrast to
previous studies, my data enables me to address the cyclical composition of jobs. I
show that firms were able to respond to the Great Recession with substantial real wage
cuts and by recruiting more part-time workers. A one percentage point increase in
the unemployment rate led to an average decline in real hourly wages of 2.8 per cent
for new hires and 2.6 per cent for job stayers. Hours of new hires in entry-level jobs
were also substantially procyclical, while job-stayer hours were nearly constant. My
findings suggest that models assuming rigid labour costs of new hires are not helpful
for understanding the behaviour of unemployment over the business cycle.
Unemployment and econometric learning
I apply well-known results of the econometric learning literature to the
Mortensen-Pissarides real business cycle model. Agents can always learn the unique
rational expectations equilibrium (REE), for all possible well-defined sets of parameter
values, by using the minimum-state-variable solution to the model and decreasing gain
learning. From this perspective, the assumption of rational expectations in the model
could be seen as reasonable. But using a parametrisation with UK data, simulations
show that the speed of convergence to the REE is slow. This type of learning dampens
the cyclical response of unemployment to small structural shocks.
Measuring sectoral income shares: Accounting for input-output structures across
countries
I use input-output tables to measure the labour income shares of the goods and the
services sector for a large cross-section of mostly developed countries. I present
two novel findings: sectoral labour income shares significantly increase with the
level of development, and within-country differences between these income shares
are uncorrelated with the level of development. These cross-country differences are
not caused by variation in the input-output structure or final demand, but originate
at the production-side of the economy. I measure sectoral total factor productivity
using a development accounting framework to assess the quantitative importance of
my findings. The goods sector of less developed countries is relatively less productive
than the services sector; assuming that the values of the sectoral labour income
shares across countries are identical to their corresponding U.S. values leads to an
underestimation of productivity differences across countries. All findings are robust to
different adjustments for the labour income of the self-employed
Wage structure in China, late 1990s to 2000s: a young labour market in a transforming economy
Get PDFThis thesis discusses the changes and corresponding causes of the wage distribution
in China from the late 1990s to the 2000s. According to various data sources,
real wage inequality in China has been increasing over time. People have become
increasingly concerned about such a phenomenon, which can potentially cause
economic instability and further social unrest.
From the analysis of household survey data, a significant part of the the increase
in wage dispersion in China can be attributed to changes in the institutional
changes. Having gone through the institutional reform of state-owned enterprises
in the late 1990s, many Chinese firms have become more privatized and smaller
in size. That is to say, the Chinese labour market becomes less affected by the
government intervention (through public enterprises). Changes in the supply side
of the labour market have also been examined. The increase in the number of
university graduates slows down the growing wage dispersion.
A comparison between the household survey data and the industrial enterprises
data tells a slightly different story about Chinas wage structure. As the
firm-level data omits within-firm wage inequalities and excludes data of primary
sectors, the service sectors, and the small businesses, a decrease in the logarithm
of the wage variation has been found. The inconsistency between the changes of
real wage dispersion and the dispersion of log wages has been discussed in depth
in the thesis.
Nonetheless, since China set the new minimum wage in 2004, the wage distribution
in the countrys industrial sector has been reshaped, which is not obviously
shown in the household data. The impact of increasing the national minimum
wage has been evaluated under a set of relatively conservative assumptions.
Further analysis has been conducted to quantify the effect of trade liberalization
on wage dispersion. It turns out that starting to export on the part of the
firms has a significant positive effect on firm-level wages and employments, but
the impact of an increasing export exposure remains debatable
How much can news shocks account for aggregate fluctuations?
Get PDFRecent studies have highlighted the importance of news shocks in the literature on
business cycles, that is, a-priori information that agents receive about future
developments in the economy. To examine whether the news shocks can be a major
source of aggregate fluctuations, in the first chapter I quantify the relative importance of
the news shocks to total factor productivity (TFP) and surprised technology changes by
employing two methods. The first method is the Beaudry and Portier’s identification
schemes (2006) and the second method is a two-step approach I develop in this study.
Empirical results on the US quarterly data show that the news shocks play an important
role in generating the business cycles, while the surprised technology changes is not a
potential source of macro-economic fluctuations. In addition, the two-step approach
seems to be able to solve the identification problem raised in the high dimensional
systems in SVAR analysis. In the second chapter, I extend the empirical study of the
news shocks to the European countries to test for the generality of the issues about the
news shocks raised in the US literature. The empirical results are supportive for the
hypothesis of news driven business cycles
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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