1,720,960 research outputs found
Psychology meets biology in COVID-19: what we know and why It matters for public health
No full textPsychosocial factors are related to immune, viral, and vaccination outcomes. Yet, this knowledge has been poorly represented in public health initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. This review provides an overview of biopsychosocial links relevant to COVID-19 outcomes by describing seminal evidence about these associations known pre-pandemic as well as contemporary research conducted during the pandemic. This focuses on the negative impact of the pandemic on psychosocial health and how this in turn has likely consequences for critically relevant viral and vaccination outcomes. We end by looking forward, highlighting the potential of psychosocial interventions that could be leveraged to support all people in navigating a post-pandemic world and how a biopsychosocial approach to health could be incorporated into public health responses to future pandemics
DEAD WAIT LOSS : 3 ESSAYS ON THE ECONOMICS OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Economics - Doctor of Philosophy, 2025This dissertation consists of three chapters that center around the health economics of kidney transplants. In Chapter 1, I study how providing information on kidney donor quality affects transplant decision making. Despite a shortage of kidneys available for transplantation, the median candidate who dies while on the waitlist for a transplant declines 16 organ offers. Physicians decline or accept offers on behalf of their patients on the basis of kidney quality, which is difficult to evaluate. Starting in 2012, the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network provided a simplified single-score metric, the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI), to estimate the quality of a donor kidney relative to the median kidney recovered. Using a rich dataset provided by the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients containing all 28 million kidney transplant offers and decisions over a 5-year period, I exploit the provision of KDPI to evaluate the salience of this metric in physician decision-making. I utilize the natural experiment resulting from the exact timing when the values were calculable but not provided prominently with each offer. The introduction of the metric increased the weight placed upon KDPI in terms of individual offer acceptance, demonstrating that KDPI became increasingly salient to physicians. However, there was no corresponding increase in discard rates for low-quality organs as opposed to high-quality organs following the introduction of KDPI. I also find evidence of substantial preference shifts among physicians with regards to the individual donor characteristics. In Chapter 2, I seek to identify a potential source of inequity that leads to lower transplant rates and worse survival outcomes for Black kidney transplant candidates suffering from chronic kidney disease. I note that adjustments for race made to the formula for estimating kidney function systematically increased reported kidney function for Black patients. Utilizing data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, I explore a policy change that required race-neutral calculations be used to estimate kidney function for Black patients. I find that the Black/non-Black disparities in eGFR reporting and preemptive listing reversed, so that Black patients actually became more likely than non-Black patients to report an eGFR and to preemptively list post-policy. In addition, I find that the Black/non-Black difference in dialysis prevalence at the time of listing decreased post-policy, suggesting that Black patients began listing at healthier states. Finally, I find that the preemptive transplant gap between non-Black and Black patients decreased post-policy. In Chapter 3, I study the incentive for young adults with kidney disease to register for a transplant before turning 18. Kidney transplant candidates who waitlist as pediatric patients are not subject to as stringent of criteria as those who attempt to waitlist as adults. In addition, pediatric status persists once candidates graduate to adulthood, along with allocation benefits. I find that there is a disproportionate number of candidates who join the waitlist just before turning 18. I also find that the candidates listing before turning 18 list at healthier initial states, and receive offers of greater average kidney quality compared to those listing after 18. However, these pediatric candidates receive fewer total offers, do not have a significantly increased probability of transplant, and their transplanted kidneys are of similar quality to those listing as young adults.Description based on online resource. Title from PDF t.p. (Michigan State University Fedora Repository, viewed ).Includes bibliographical references
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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