1,398 research outputs found
Carbon dioxide separation from nitrogen/hydrogen mixtures over activated carbon beads: adsorption isotherms and breakthrough studies
No full textSupplementary data for:
Carbon Dioxide Separation from Nitrogen/Hydrogen Mixtures over Activated Carbon Beads: Adsorption Isotherms and Breakthrough Studies
Simon J. Caldwell, Bushra Al-Duri, Nannan Sun, Cheng-gong Sun, Colin E. Snape, Kaixi Li, and Joseph Wood
Energy & Fuels, 2015, 29 (6), pp 3796–3807
DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00164
Publication Date (Web): May 26, 201
Vascular healing : cell biology and rheologic factors
No full textIssued as Progress report summary, Project no. E-25-M80 (continued by E-25-M44; continues E-25-614)Progress report summary has author: Colin J. Schwart
Valorization Strategies in CO2 Capture: A New Life for Exhausted Silica-Polyethylenimine
No full textThe search for alternative ways to give a second life to materials paved the way for detailed investigation into three silica-polyethylenimine (Si-PEI) materials for the purpose of CO2 adsorption in carbon capture and storage. A solvent extraction procedure was investigated to recover degraded PEIs and silica, and concomitantly, pyrolysis was evaluated to obtain valuable chemicals such as alkylated pyrazines. An array of thermal (TGA, Py-GC-MS), mechanical (rheology), and spectroscopical (ATR-FTIR, 1H-13C-NMR) methods were applied to PEIs extracted with methanol to determine the relevant physico-chemical features of these polymers when subjected to degradation after use in CO2 capture. Proxies of degradation associated with the plausible formation of urea/carbamate moieties were revealed by Py-GC-MS, NMR, and ATR-FTIR. The yield of alkylpyrazines estimated by Py-GC-MS highlighted the potential of exhausted PEIs as possibly valuable materials in other applications
Vascular healing : cell biology and rheologic factors
No full textIssued as Progress report summary, Project E-25-M44 (continued by E-25-M80)Progress report summary has author: Colin J. Schwart
Molecular characterization of the thermally labile fraction of biochar by hydropyrolysis and pyrolysis-GC/MS
No full textAgroenvironmental benefits and limitations of biochar in soil applications require a full understanding of the stability and fate of the various carbon fractions. Analytical hydropyrolysis (HyPy) enables the determination of the stable black carbon (BCHyPy) and thermally labile (semi-labile; non-BCHyPy) fractions in biochar and soil samples. The non-BCHyPy fraction can be analysed at a molecular level by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the present study, HyPy was applied to the characterisation of biochars produced from pine wood, beech wood and corn digestate with the same pyrolysis unit at low (340–400 °C) and high (600 °C) temperatures. Results were compared with those from Py-GC-MS. HyPy provided consistent information concerning the thermal stability of biochar samples, with BCHyPy levels related with the relative abundance of the charred fraction estimated by Py-GC-MS and the hydrogen/carbon (H/C) ratios. The non-BCHyPy fractions were featured by the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from two to seven rings, including alkylated derivatives up to C4. Partially hydrogenated PAHs were also detected. The yields of non-BCHyPy were higher for those biochars produced at lower temperatures and always more abundant than the levels of solvent-extractable PAHs. The methylated/parent PAH ratios from HyPy and Py-GC-MS exhibited lower values for the most charred biochar. The observed differences in the abundance of the stable fraction and the molecular chemistry of the semi-labile fraction can be usefully utilised to drive the process conditions to the desired properties of the resulting biochars and to predict the impact of biochar amendment to soil organic pools. The concentrations of priority PAHs in the semi-labile fraction was evaluated in the mg g−1 level suggesting that it could be an important fraction of the polyaromatic carbon pool in soil
Orbit design for future SpaceChip swarm missions in a planetary atmosphere
No full textThe effect of solar radiation pressure and atmospheric drag on the orbital dynamics of satellites-on-a-chip (SpaceChips) is exploited to design equatorial long-lived orbits about the oblate Earth. The orbit energy gain due to asymmetric solar radiation pressure, considering the Earth's shadow, is used to balance the energy loss due to atmospheric drag. Future missions for a swarm of SpaceChips are proposed, where a number of small devices are released from a conventional spacecraft to perform spatially distributed measurements of the conditions in the ionosphere and exosphere. It is shown that the orbit lifetime can be extended and indeed selected through solar radiation pressure and the end-of-life re-entry of the swarm can be ensured, by exploiting atmospheric drag
Fate of soil organic carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a vineyard soil treated with biochar
No full textThe effect of biochar addition on the levels of black carbon (BC) and polcyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a vineyard soil in central Italy was investigated within a two year period. Hydropyrolysis (HyPy) was used to determine the contents of BC (BCHyPy) in the amended and control soils while the hydrocarbon composition of the semi-labile (non-BCHyPy) fraction released by HyPy was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, together with the solvent-extractable PAHs. The concentrations of these three polycyclic aromatic carbon reservoirs, changed and impacted differently on the soil organic carbon over the period of the trial. The addition of biochar (33 ton dry biochar ha-1) gave rise to a sharp increase in soil organic carbon which could be accounted for by an increase of BCHyPy. Over time, the concentration of BCHyPy decreased significantly from 36 to 23 mg g-1, and as a carbon percentage from 79% to 61%. No clear time trends were observed for the non-BCHyPy PAHs varying from 39 to 34 µg g-1 in treated soils, not significantly different from control soils. However, the concentrations of extractable PAHs increased markedly in the amended soils, and decreased with time from 153 to 78 ng g-1 remaining always higher than those in untreated soil. The extent of the BCHyPy loss was more compatible with physical rather than chemical processes
E-journals in a networked environment : its impact on academic libraries in the digital millennium
No full textThis paper tries to describe the Advantages of E-journals in terms of Accessibility, Speed distribution and production, Subscription Cost, Multimedia Capabilities, Internal and External Links etc and also tries to find out the Technological, Socio-cultural and Economic Barriers. The issues like Refereeing, Copyright and Licensing, Longevity and Storage and recent trends in E-journal publication and its implication on Academic Libraries in selection and acquisition, Cataloguing, archiving, user's access, training and support to staff and users are discussed in this paper
Public Policy in a Private Arena: The Case of Vocational Education and Training
No full textM.21586-1998 Colin Crouch. 30 cm. This paper is based on a seminar that he presented at the Center for Advanced Study in the Social Sciences of the Juan March Institute, Madrid, on 9 May 1995, entitled Diversity in Modern Capitalism: Examples from Vocational Education." -- T.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37
Progress in the CO2 Capture Technologies for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Units—A Review
No full text© Copyright © 2020 Güleç, Meredith and Snape. Heavy industries including cement, iron and steel, oil refining, and petrochemicals are collectively responsible for about 22% of global CO2 emissions. Among these industries, oil refineries account for 4–6%, of which typically 25–35% arise from the regenerators in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) units. This article reviews the progress in applying CO2 capture technologies to FCC units. Post combustion and oxyfuel combustion have been investigated to mitigate CO2 emissions in FCC and, more recently, Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) has received attention. Post combustion capture can readily be deployed to the flue gas in FCC units and oxyfuel combustion, which requires air separation has been investigated in a pilot-scale unit by Petrobras (Brazil). However, in comparison, CLC offers considerably lower energy penalties. The applicability of CLC for FCC has also been experimentally investigated at a lab-scale. As a result, the studies demonstrated highly promising CO2 capture capacities for FCC with the application of post combustion (85–90%), oxyfuel combustion (90–100%) and CLC (90–96%). Therefore, the method having lowest energy penalty and CO2 avoided cost is highly important for the next generation of FCC units to optimize CO2 capture. The energy penalty was calculated as 3.1–4.2 GJ/t CO2 with an avoiding cost of 75–110 €/t CO2 for the application of post combustion capture to FCC. However, the application of oxyfuel combustion provided lower energy penalty of 1.8–2.5 GJ/t CO2, and lower CO2 avoided cost of 55–85 €/t CO2. More recently, lab-scale experiments demonstrated that the application of CLC to FCC demonstrate significant progress with an indicative much lower energy penalty of ca. 0.2 GJ/t CO2
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