1,721,030 research outputs found
Protocol
No full textIntroduction
Prevalence, morbidity, and mortality for many diseases have decreased over the years due to advancement in medical knowledge, health awareness and policies. However, diseases affecting racialized minorities such as sickle cell disease (SCD) continue to impose significant medical, financial, and emotional burden with higher morbidity and mortality. SCD is a hemoglobinopathy that distorts the shape of the red blood cell leading to many complications including anemia, pain crisis and infections.(1) Despite progress in treatment, the life expectancy of individuals with SCD remains 2 to 3 decades shorter than the general population.(2) As a result, SCD has been declared a public health priority by the World Health Organization in 2006.(3)
Approximately 30 million people globally have SCD with 1000 children being born with SCD daily.(3) SCD is especially prevalent in many low-income racialized minority populations. Globally, people belonging to low-income racialized minority populations suffer poorer health than their counterparts due to bio-psycho-socio-economic-structural, political, and demographic factors. s.(4, 5) People living with SCD suffer disproportionately high premature deaths, repeated emergency room visits and hospitalizations due to acute complications, and significant multi-organ life-limiting long-term complications. Comprehensive clinical care, and research are sorely lacking globally, unlike another hereditary disease, Cystic Fibrosis (CF), affecting Caucasian populations.
We aim to describe socio-demographics of SCD populations globally, highlight policy limitations and urgently needed changes for achieving comprehensive, equitable SCD clinical care and to promote research.
Methods
This study will adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and an a priori protocol will be published on Open Science Framework.(6)
Searches
A comprehensive search of OVIDMedline and other databases will be done.
Search Strategy
Search will be performed using the keywords “Sickle Cell Anemia,” “Social Determinants of Health,” “Vulnerable Populations,” “Homeless,” “Poverty,” “Health Policy,” “Health care reform,” “sociodemographic,” and any other pertinent keywords.
Inclusion criteria
Articles pertaining to: SCD prevalence; the population affected; availability of newborn screening (systematic or sporadic); nature of available care available (multi-disciplinary, comprehensive, organized/not-organized, fragmented, community-based, etc.); and availability of dedicated research funding will be included.
Exclusion criteria
Any irrelevant articles that do not meet the inclusion criteria mentioned above will be excluded.
Data extraction
Two independent reviewers will be simultaneously extracting data and information from the selected articles. A third reviewer will act as an adjudicator in case of any discrepancies and conflicts in decision making for inclusion and exclusion of the articles.
References
1. US Department of Health Human Services. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Evidence-based Management of Sickle Cell Disease—Expert Panel Report, 2014. 2018.
2. Lanzkron S, Carroll CP, Haywood Jr C. Mortality rates and age at death from sickle cell disease: US, 1979–2005. Public health reports. 2013;128(2):110-6.
3. WHO. Sickle-cell anaemia: Report by the Secretariat FIFTY-NINTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY: Provisional agenda item 11.4 Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
4. Williams H, Silva S, Cline D, Freiermuth C, Tanabe P. Social and behavioral factors in sickle cell disease: employment predicts decreased health care utilization. Journal of health care for the poor and underserved. 2018;29(2):814.
5. Linton EA, Goodin DA, Hankins JS, Kanter J, Preiss L, Simon J, et al. A survey-based needs assessment of barriers to optimal sickle cell disease care in the emergency department. Annals of emergency medicine. 2020;76(3):S64-S72.
6. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ. 2009;339:b2535
Sickle Cell Disease: Populations and Policies a Systematic Review
No full textThis systematic review aims to review articles that discuss sickle cell disease's high prevalence among disadvantaged populations, current treatment modalities, and policy options for a way forward
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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