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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
From disturbing behavior to disorder
Get PDFIn veel Westerse landen is het aantal diagnosen van mentale ziekten van kinderen en jongeren in de afgelopen decennia sterk toegenomen. Een ruimere definitie van ziektecategorieën is een verklaring hiervoor. Dit duidt op een versterkte medicalisering van storend gedrag, wat inhoudt dat steeds meer problemen gelden als ‘ziekte’ die om een medische behandeling vraagt. Vanaf de jaren tachtig zou sprake zijn van een proces van biomedicalisering, waarbij men primair kijkt naar de hersenen (nature) als oorzaak van gedragsproblemen, met medicatie als voorkeursbehandeling. De overtuiging dat problemen worden veroorzaakt door de omgeving (nurture), die ook de oplossing kan bieden, is hierdoor in belang afgenomen. Dit proefschrift schetst de verschuivingen in de ideeën van Nederlandse kinderpsychiaters, kinderpsychologen en orthopedagogen over de aard, oorzaken en beste behandeling van gedragsproblemen van kinderen en jongeren in de periode 1950-1990. De verhouding tussen nature en nurture in hun teksten over de meest besproken problemen staat daarin centraal. Het onderzoek toont dat autisme, druk en ongeconcentreerd gedrag en bedplassen al omstreeks 1950 gemedicaliseerde stoornissen waren. Voor agressie en angst gebeurde dat pas na 1980 met de introductie van labels uit het Amerikaanse Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Deze studie laat voor autisme, bedplassen, agressie en angst een verschuiving zien van nurture naar nature in de ideeën over oorzaken en behandeling. Voor autisme gebeurde dit mede onder invloed van de oudervereniging. De mate en het tempo waarin deze verandering zich voltrok, verschillen per gedragsprobleem. Nature en nurture blijken vaak samen te gaan.In recent decades in the West, the number of diagnoses of mental illness in children and adolescents has increased considerably. A possible explanation is that disease categories have widened, indicating an increasing medicalization of problem behavior, for which a medical solution is required. Since the 1980s, moreover, a process of biomedicalization manifests itself in which the cause of behavioral problems is more often found in the brain (nature) and psychopharmaceuticals are preferred as remedy. At the same time, the idea that problems are caused by the environment (nurture) has lost importance. This PhD focuses on the changes in the expert discourse of Dutch child psychiatrists, child psychologists and special- needs educationalists on the nature, causes and treatment of behavioral problems of children and adolescents from the 1950s up to 1990. Special attention is paid to the balance between nature and nurture in the debate on the most frequently discussed problems.The research shows that autism, hyperactivity and concentration problems and bedwetting were medicalized as early as 1950. With the adoption of the medical classifications of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in the 1980s, professionals started to also conceive of anxiety and aggression as mental disorders. As regards autism, bedwetting, aggression and anxiety, we see a shift from nurture to nature in the etiology and preferred therapy. The degree to which and the rate at which these changes occurred differs between the problems discussed. Nature and nurture turn out to not mutually exclude each other
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
From defence mechanism to insufficient bladder control:Dutch experts on enuresis nocturna in an age of developing child sciences (1950-1990)
Get PDFThis article discusses the conceptualisation of enuresis nocturna by Dutch experts between c.1950 and 1990, years in which across the West new child sciences rapidly developed. Today, bedwetting is conceived as a mental illness caused by a mixture of nature- and nurture-bound factors. Have organic and environmental causes always figured as twins, even in the post-war decades of predominant environmentalism in psychological theory and clinical practice? Or is only the more recent biological turn in psychiatry responsible for a revaluation of organicism in expert discourses on the aetiology and treatment of childhood mental illnesses such as enuresis nocturna? Using Ian Hacking’s dynamic nominalism as interpretive framework, the article shows that, in the Dutch case, environmental factors continued to be referred to after the biologising of children’s mental problems, alongside an increasingly important role for brain-related, physiological and genetic causes of enuresis nocturna
Between nature and nurture: The diagnosing and treatment of childhood behavioral problems in a Dutch child-psychiatric clinic (1952-1961)
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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