1,720,992 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Coastal marine heatwaves: Understanding extreme forces
No full textPhilosophiae Doctor - PhD (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology)Seawater temperature from regional to global scale is central to many measures of biodi-
versity and continues to aid our understanding of the evolution and ecology of biolog-
ical assemblages. Therefore, a clear understanding of the relationship between marine
biodiversity and thermal structures is critical for effective conservation planning. In the an-
thropocene, an epoch characterised by anthropogenic forcing on the climate system, future
patterns in biodiversity and ecological functioning may be estimated from projected climate
scenarios however; absent from many of these scenarios is the inclusion of extreme thermal
events, known as marine heatwaves (MHWs). There is also a conspicuous absence in knowl-
edge of the drivers for all but the most notorious of these events.
Before the drivers of MHWs along the coast of South Africa could be determined, it was first
necessary to validate the 129 in situ coastal seawater temperature time series that could be
used to this end. In doing so it was found that time series created with older (longer), lower
precision (0.5 Degrees Celsius) instruments were more useful than newer (shorter) time series produced
with high precision (0.001 Degrees Celsius) instruments. With the in situ data validated, a history of the
occurrence of MHWs along the coastline (nearshore) was created and compared against
MHWs detected by remotely sensed data (offshore). This comparison showed that the
forcing of offshore temperatures onto the nearshore was much lower than anticipated,
with the rates of co-occurrence for events between the datasets along the coast ranging
from 0.2 to 0.5. To accommodate this lack of consistency between datasets, a much larger
mesoscale area was then taken around southern Africa when attempting to determine
potential mesoscale drivers of MHWs along the coast. Using a self organising-map (SOM), it
was possible to organise the synoptic scale oceanographic and atmospheric states during
coastal MHWs into discernible groupings. It was found that the most common synoptic
oceanographic pattern during coastal MHWs was Agulhas Leakage, and the most common
atmospheric pattern was anomalously warmoverland air temperatures.With these patterns
known it is now necessary to calculate how often they occur when no MHW has been
detected. This work may then allow for the development of predictive capabilities that could help mitigate the damage caused by MHWs
Coastal marine heatwaves: Understanding extreme forces
Get PDFPhilosophiae Doctor - PhD (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology)Seawater temperature from regional to global scale is central to many measures of biodi-
versity and continues to aid our understanding of the evolution and ecology of biolog-
ical assemblages. Therefore, a clear understanding of the relationship between marine
biodiversity and thermal structures is critical for effective conservation planning. In the an-
thropocene, an epoch characterised by anthropogenic forcing on the climate system, future
patterns in biodiversity and ecological functioning may be estimated from projected climate
scenarios however; absent from many of these scenarios is the inclusion of extreme thermal
events, known as marine heatwaves (MHWs). There is also a conspicuous absence in knowl-
edge of the drivers for all but the most notorious of these events.
Before the drivers of MHWs along the coast of South Africa could be determined, it was first
necessary to validate the 129 in situ coastal seawater temperature time series that could be
used to this end. In doing so it was found that time series created with older (longer), lower
precision (0.5 Degrees Celsius) instruments were more useful than newer (shorter) time series produced
with high precision (0.001 Degrees Celsius) instruments. With the in situ data validated, a history of the
occurrence of MHWs along the coastline (nearshore) was created and compared against
MHWs detected by remotely sensed data (offshore). This comparison showed that the
forcing of offshore temperatures onto the nearshore was much lower than anticipated,
with the rates of co-occurrence for events between the datasets along the coast ranging
from 0.2 to 0.5. To accommodate this lack of consistency between datasets, a much larger
mesoscale area was then taken around southern Africa when attempting to determine
potential mesoscale drivers of MHWs along the coast. Using a self organising-map (SOM), it
was possible to organise the synoptic scale oceanographic and atmospheric states during
coastal MHWs into discernible groupings. It was found that the most common synoptic
oceanographic pattern during coastal MHWs was Agulhas Leakage, and the most common
atmospheric pattern was anomalously warmoverland air temperatures.With these patterns
known it is now necessary to calculate how often they occur when no MHW has been
detected. This work may then allow for the development of predictive capabilities that could help mitigate the damage caused by MHWs
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ecklonia maxima kelp forests along a thermal gradient: community composition and recovery from disturbance
Get PDFMagister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv & Cons Biol)Climate change will influence species distributions, survival and ecosystem functioning, mostly
through changes in sea surface temperatures and storm disturbance. Species are expected to shift
poleward in response to ocean warming, which will increase species interaction strength, and cause
tropicalisation of temperate ecosystems. Furthermore, if storm frequency and magnitude increases,
this could have detrimental effects for species already on their thermal limits. One such group of
coastal species is kelp. Kelp are ecosystem engineers that rely on cool-temperate water for survival,
and which support an array of fauna and flora. Kelp-based ecosystems are also highly productive, and
provide important inorganic input into coastal food webs, largely through detritus. Temperature and
disturbance have been shown to be important drivers of kelp ecosystems globally, and we expect that
local changes in these drivers may affect kelp ecosystem composition and functioning along the
south-western Cape coastline where they form extensive habitats
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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