161,999 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
No.227, William B. Smart, interview by Everett L. Cooley
No full textTranscript (129 pages) of two interviews by Everett L. Cooley with journalist William B. Smart on August 28 and September 5, 1989. This interview is no. 227 in the Everett L. Cooley Oral History Project, and tape no. U-1051, U-1052, U-1053, and U-1054. Includes Smart\u27s resumeSmart recalls his family life; education; and career at the Deseret News, 1940s-1980s. He discusses issues of community concern, policies and people at the paper, other Utah publications, and people who have influenced him. Interviewer: Everett L. Coole
Correlation of group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine response with B- and T-lymphocyte activity.
No full textDespite the success of conjugate vaccination against meningococcal group C (MenC) disease, post-vaccination, some individuals still exhibit rapid waning of initially protective bactericidal antibody levels. The mechanism of this relative loss of humoral protection remains undetermined. In this report we have investigated the relationship between T- and B-cell activation and co-stimulation and the loss of protective antibody titers. We have found that healthy volunteers who lose protective MenC antibody levels one year after receipt of glycoconjugate vaccine exhibit no detectable cellular defect in polyclonal B- or T-cell activation, proliferation or the B-memory pool. This suggests that the processes underlying the more rapid loss of antibody levels are independent of defects in either initial T- or B-cell activation
Intelligent Energy Optimization for User Intelligible Goals in Smart Home Environments
No full textIntelligent management of energy consumption is one of the key issues for future energy distribution systems, smart buildings, and consumer appliances. The problem can be tackled both from the point of view of the utility provider, with the intelligence embedded in the smart grid, or from the point of view of the consumer, thanks to suitable local energy management systems (EMS). Conserving energy, however, should respect the user requirements regarding the desired state of the environment, therefore an EMS should constantly and intelligently find the balance between user requirements and energy saving. The paper proposes a solution to this problem, based on explicit high-level modeling of user intentions and automatic control of device states through the solution and optimization of a constrained Boolean satisfiability problem. The proposed approach has been integrated into a smart environment framework, and promising preliminary results are reporte
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Optimising multi-disciplinary contributions for the smart clothing development process
No full textThis research aims to introduce a strategic approach to overcome the creative boundaries and optimize multidisciplinary contributions in Smart Clothing development, since the former research results revealed that these issues are key to achieving fully integrated Smart Clothes. Therefore, this paper examines collaborative projects that are shown to break through the creative boundary and integrate multidisciplinary contributions, and identifies how individual designers overcome their creative constraints and collaborate with others, in order to identify a practical method. The research result indicates that a clear description of Smart Clothing’s context will provide a new framework for the developers to work on
A sensitising tool for smart home designers: Based on user-oriented product design research into the home life of older adults in the UK
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Focusing on the needs of users, design can leverage new product development process by offering insightful knowledge of those needs.
This research investigates the technology development of smart homes. Design is utilised as a product research tool to identify key insights of the home life of the
older adults living in the UK, and for the purpose of informing the front-end of the
new product development process. The review of the literature in the field of smart homes suggests that the developments have lagged by a technology-push approach, the lack of appropriate concepts from users’ perspectives as well as the lack of development strategy, which has consequently been reflected in consumers’ reluctance towards smart homes. As a result, this doctoral research aimed to ‘develop a user-oriented product design research tool that improves the understanding of the home life of older adults.’ To achieve the aim, this research employs qualitative methodology to develop a research process that utilises the cultural probe, semi-structured interview and
video tour. Informed by ethnographic tradition, this research establishes its
trustworthiness and credibility by employing a thorough process of analysis (qualitative analysis with computer-assisted software NVivo 8 and peers debriefing) and evaluation (creative workshop and evaluative interview) with practitioners from the field of product design, design management and design
education. The result of the field investigation is presented as ten personas and taxonomy of nodes, which form the contribution of this research, a sensitising tool and process. This research contributes a sensitising tool - a design-led, user-inspired and participatory product design research that the offers insightful knowledge of those older adults and their relationships with their homes living in the UK. This sensitising tool is developed for the smart home designers for the purpose of generating new product ideas and challenges designers’ preconception of users and smart homes, and provokes reflections on the practices of user-centred and user-participatory design, as examined in the creative workshop. In addition, this research also contributes to the growing debate surrounding the issues relating to ethnographic user research and the use of cultural probe for the design of new smart homes
Performance of the Smart Antenna Aided Multicarrier DS-CDMA and its Uplink
No full textIn this contribution a generalized MC DS-CDMA system invoking smart antennas for improving the achievable performance of the system is studied, which is capable of suppressing the multiuser interference, while achieving frequency, time and spatial diversity. In the considered MC DS-CDMA system the receiver employs multiple receive antennas and each of the receive antennas consists of several antenna array elements. Four types of optimum linear combining schemes are investigated. In these optimum linear combining schemes the weight vectors are derived based on the optimization criteria of Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR), of Maximum Signalto-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (MSINR), of Minimum Mean-Square Error (MMSE) and of Minimum Power Distortionless Response (MPDR). The paper is concluded with a comparative performance study of various antenna array models employing the above optimization criteria
In/formalization
No full textAddressing a variety of locations and subjects across several social contexts and countries, this forum intends to stimulate novel ways of conceptualizing the inevitable interpenetration and entanglement of formalization and informalization as two interlinked social processes. Rather than proposing a new coherent definition of “informality”, we propose to consider “in/formalization” as a space of practice and reflection which is crucial for engaging with contemporary economy, law and politics and their current local and global articulations and scenarios. The forum features contributions by Stamatis Amarianakis, Lenka Brunclíková, Dolores Koenig, B. Lynne Milgram, Sarah Muir, Antonio Maria Pusceddu, Alan Smart, Mechthild von Vacano, Filippo M. Zerilli & Julie Trappe
The future design direction of smart clothing development
No full textLiterature indicates that Smart Clothing applications, the next generation of clothing and
electronic products, have been struggling to enter the mass market because the consumers’
latent needs have not been recognised. Moreover, the design direction of Smart Clothes
remains unclear and unfocused. Nevertheless, a clear design direction is necessary for all
product development. Therefore, this research aims to identify the design directions of the
emerging Smart Clothes industry by conducting a questionnaire survey and focus groups
with its major design contributors. The results reveal that the current strategy of embedding
a wide range of electronic functions in a garment is not suitable. This is primarily because it
does not match the users’ requirements, purchasing criteria and lifestyle. The results
highlight the respondents’ preference for personal healthcare and sportswear applications
that suit their lifestyle, are aesthetically attractive, and provide a practical function
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