32,878 research outputs found
Does Economic Optimisation Explain LAI and Leaf Trait Distributions Across an Amazon Soil Moisture Gradient?
No full textModel outputs presented in Flack-Prain, S., Meir, P., Malhi, Y., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2020).Does Economic Optimisation Explain LAI and Leaf Trait Distributions Across an Amazon Soil Moisture Gradient?. Global Change Biology
CARDAMOM Brazil C-cycle analysis (1x1 degree; monthly; 2001-2017)
No full textThis dataset contains a netCDF file reporting terrestrial C-cycle analysis of Brazil at 1 x 1 degree spatial and monthly temporal resolutions for 2001 to 2017. The analysis uses the CARDAMOM model-data fusion framework to retrieve information on Brazil's terrestrial C-cycle uncertainty uniquely for each location based on location and time specific observations and their uncertainties. The files contains pixel-level estimates of C storage (plant tissues and dead organic matter), C fluxes (photosynthesis, respiration, fire emissions), allocation of C to plant tissues and their residence times. All variables include uncertainty information reporting the 2.5 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 97.5% quantiles.The dataset contains a single netCDF file ("CARDAMOM_Brazil_1x1_2001_2017_v1.0.nc") which contains pixel-level outputs of the CARDAMOM model-data fusion system. The analysis resolution is 1 x 1 degree and monthly times step for a 17 year period between 2001 and 2017. The file includes estimates of ecosystem carbon stocks, fluxes and key traits. All estimates include uncertainty quantification derived from CARDAMOM at the 2.5 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 97.5% quantiles
CARDAMOM Brazil C-cycle multi-DALEC, multi-CMIP6 scenarios (1x1 degree; monthly; 2001-2017)
No full textDataset continues CARDAMOM output for the calibration of 5 DALEC C-cycle models (M1-5) across Brazil for a 17 year period (2001-2017) at a monthly time step and 1 x 1 degree spatial resolution. The calibration used Earth Observation derived estimates of leaf area, above ground woody biomass and databased soil carbon stocks. The calibrated models were then projected to 2100 using 4 climate change scenarios drawn from the UKESM submission to CMIP6. The dataset includes C-stocks, fluxes and ecosystem properties along with their associated parameteric uncertainties. Separate files exist for each model, calibration period and climate change scenario. The multi-model ensemble provides a quantification of the role of model structural uncertainty allowing partitioning of the relative importance of parametric, model structure and climate change scenario uncertainties. This dataset is associated with a paper intended for submission to Earth System Dynamics. Smallman et al., (in prep) Parameter uncertainty dominates forecast error across Brazil for much of the 21st Century.A brief description of differences between each DALEC model are outlined in the M1_M5_summary_description.txt file. The output files include MOHC indicating the scenario was drawn from the Meteorological Office Handley Centre (MOHC). The following scenarios are used SSP1-2.6 W/m2, SSP2-4.5 W/m2, SSP37.0 W/m2 and SSP5-8.5 W/m2. The file name structure is: [Model]_[DATATYPE]_MOHC_[SSPcode]_climate_change_[startyear]_[endyear].nc Specific files are provided per model, per scenario with files separately containing stocks, fluxes and ecosystem properties
The importance of physiological, structural and trait responses to drought stress in driving spatial and temporal variation in GPP across Amazon forests
No full textFolders contain experimental model runs outlined in Flack-Prain et al., 2019, whereby the (i) LAI, (ii) meteorology, (iii) rooting properties, (iv) soil, and (v) leaf photosynthetic capacity for each plot were alternated to that of all other plots.
Plots included in analysis are CAX04, CAX06, TAM05, TAM06, KEN01, KEN02, TAN05 (Tanguro).
File names are ordered PLOT1_PLOT2 where PLOT1 is focal plot, and PLOT2 is the plot of the alternated factor.
"_down" and "_up" are model runs under upper and lower LAI standard error.
file headers are as follows
Daily:
mod_ET(mm/d) Modelled evapotranspiration
mod_LE(MJ/m2/d) Modelled latent energy (latent heat flux)
mod_SoilE(mm/d) Modelled soil evaporation
mod_can_evap(mm/d) Modelled canopy evaporation (evaporated intercepted rainfall)
Soil_WP(MPa) Weighted soil water ptential
plant_resistance Plant resistance to waterflow
canopy_soil_resistance Canopy weighted soil+root hydraulic resistance to water flow
LSC(mmol/m2/s/Mpa) Leaf-soil conductance
sapflow(mm/d) Amount of water that moves through LSC continuum
mean-LAI(m2m-2) Mean Leaf Area Index
Flux:
Ra Autotrophic respiration
Af Carbon allocated to foliage
Aw Carbon alloacted to stem
Ar Carbon allocated to roots
Acr Carbon allocated to coarse roots
Lf Litterfall from foliage
Lw Litterfall from stem
Lr Litterfall from roots
Lcr Litterfall from coarse roots
Rh1 Heterotrophic respiration (litter)
Rh2 Heterotrophic respiration (soil)
D Decomposition
G Gross Primary Productivity
neesum Net Ecosystem Exchange
sumresp total_ET(mm/d)
resp_main Maintenance respiration
resp_growth Growth respiration
resp_l Leaf maintenance respiration
resp_s Stem maintenance respiration
resp_r Root maintenance respiration
resp_cr Coarse root maintenance respiration
resp_l_g Leaf growth respiration
resp_s_g Stem growth respiration
resp_r_g Root growth respiration
resp_cr_g Coarse root growth respiration
alloc_to_labile Carbon allocated to labile
Field data used in model calibration and validation can be accessed via Doughty et al., 2015.
Flack-Prain, S., Meir, P., Malhi, Y., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. The importance of physiological, structural and trait responses to drought stress in driving spatial and temporal variation in GPP across Amazon forests.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-175
Doughty, C. E., Metcalfe, D. B., Girardin, C. A. J., Amézquita, F. F., Cabrera, D. G., Huasco, W. H., ... & Feldpausch, T. R. (2015). Drought impact on forest carbon dynamics and fluxes in Amazonia. Nature, 519(7541), 78.
doi:10.1038/nature1421
ACM-GPP-ETv1
No full textSource code and example for the aggregated canopy model for gross primary productivity and evapotranspiration version 1 (ACM-GPP-ET v1). ACM-GPP-ETv1 is a model of intermediate complexity representing coupled daily plant carbon (photosynthesis or GPP) and water cycles (transpiration, soil evaporation and evaporation of canopy intercepted rainfall). ACM-GPP-ET represents the whole plant hydraulic pathway balancing available water supply and evaporative demand through ecophysiological principles.Software is composed of an input / output code (written in R) and an analysis code base of the simulation mode (written in Fortran). The software package include a example file "ACM_GPP_ET_single_site_test.r", an ./input directory and ./src. The example file deals with input and output of the analysis. The ./input directory contains input drivers for a single site example. The ./src directory contains two Fortran files. ./src/ACM_GPP_ET.f90 contains the main source code of the ACM-GPP-ET model while ./src/ACM_GPP_ET_R_interface.f90 handles in needed interface between the R component of the analysis system and the main Fortran model
Does Economic Optimisation Explain LAI and Leaf Trait Distributions Across an Amazon Soil Moisture Gradient?
No full textModel outputs presented in Flack-Prain, S., Meir, P., Malhi, Y., Smallman, T. L., & Williams, M. (2020). "Does Economic Optimisation Explain LAI and Leaf Trait Distributions Across an Amazon Soil Moisture Gradient?". Global Change Biology.Flack-Prain, Sophie; Meir, Patrick; Malhi, Yadvinder; Smallman, Luke; Williams, Mathew. (2020). Does Economic Optimisation Explain LAI and Leaf Trait Distributions Across an Amazon Soil Moisture Gradient?, [dataset]. University of Edinburgh. School of Geosciences. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/2925
Single- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation: Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WATM and Broadcasting: 2nd
No full textSingle- and Multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Principles and Applications for Personal Communications, WLANs and Broadcasting L. Hanzo Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK W. Webb Motorola, Arlington Heights, USA formerly at Multiple Access Communications Ltd, Southampton, UK T. Keller Ubinetics, Cambridge Technology Centre, Melbourn, UK formerly at Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK Motivated by the rapid evolution of wireless communication systems, this expanded second edition provides an overview of most major single- and multi-carrier Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) techniques commencing with simple QAM schemes for the uninitiated through to complex, rapidly-evolving areas, such as arrangements for wide-band mobile channels. Targeted at the more advanced reader, the multi-carrier modulation based second half of the book presents a research-orientated outlook using a variety of novel QAM-based arrangements. * Features six new chapters dealing with the complexities of multi-carrier modulation which has found applications ranging from Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) to Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) * Provides a rudimentary introduction for readers requiring a background in the field of modulation and radio wave propagation * Discusses classic QAM transmission issues relevant to Gaussian channels * Examines QAM-based transmissions over mobile radio channels * Incorporates QAM-related orthogonal techniques, considers the spectral efficiency of QAM in cellular frequency re-use structures and presents a QAM-based speech communications system design study * Introduces Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) over both Gaussian and wideband fading channels By providing an all-encompassing self-contained treatment of single- and multi- carrier QAM based communications, a wide range of readers including senior undergraduate and postgraduate students, practising engineers and researchers alike will all find the coverage of this book attractive
CARDAMOM Phenology Study: Dataset and Analysis Code
No full textThis repository stores the input data, output data and analysis code for the following publication:
Norton, A. J., Bloom, A. A., Parazoo, N. C., Levine, P. A., Ma, S., Braghiere, R. K., and Smallman, L. T.: Improved process representation of leaf phenology significantly shifts climate sensitivity of ecosystem carbon balance, EGUsphere [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1265, 2022
Letter from Stephen T. Mather, U.S. National Park Service to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter from the Director of the National Park Service, Stephen T. Mather, to Jesse L. Boyce informing him that immediate action is being taken to remove the TNT from the Grand Canyon
Challenges Arising from Continuous Flow Olefin Metathesis
No full textThe versatility of olefin metathesis is evident from its successful applications ranging from natural product synthesis to the valorization of renewable feedstocks. On the other side, flow chemistry has recently gained particular interest among the syn- thetic community, offering valuable alternatives to classic batch chemistry and paving the way to the development of new trans- formations. The application of continuous flow to olefin metathesis represents one of the most promising evolutions in the field at the interface of industrially relevant synthesis and reactor engineering, significantly improving some of the typical problems such as un- desired self-reactions and ethylene-mediated catalyst de-activa- tion. This review aims to provide a small survey covering the ma- jor aspects of those techniques which we hope may be of interest for the chemical community, but also those interested in catalysis, continuous processing, enabling technologies and reactor design
- …
