1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The relationship between online gaming and wellbeing among post-secondary students
Get PDFAs the “fastest growing form of entertainment in the world” (Tran, 2019, p. 76), gaming has become a significant part of our society (Groening & Binnewies, 2019). Considering its widespread popularity as a leisure activity amongst adolescents and adults (Entertainment Software Association of Canada, 2020), it is unsurprising that multiple studies have explored its relationship to the player’s wellbeing. Previous research has found mixed findings regarding gaming’s impact on wellbeing. Several findings have identified gaming as a way to relieve stress, relax (Russoniello et al., 2009; Snodgrass et al., 2011; Wack & Tantleff-Dunn, 2009), positively influence aspects of social wellbeing (Gitter et al., 2013; Kowert & Oldmeadow, 2015; Martončik & Lokša, 2016) and is associated with a variety of improvements in psychological and physiological functions (Ryan et al., 2006). Despite these benefits, numerous other findings have associated gaming with negative outcomes such as interfering with a player’s social functioning, wellbeing, and adjustment (Grüsser et al., 2007; Stockdale & Coyne, 2018; Weinstein, 2010). Given these apparent contradictions in previous literature, further exploration needs to be conducted in understanding the relationship of gaming and wellbeing among post-secondary students. To examine this relationship, additional factors that can impact one’s wellbeing should be considered such as the motives for engaging in their leisure pursuits, one’s feelings of connection and support from others in the community, and the breadth of activities one engages in. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between gaming and wellbeing among post-secondary students while taking into account the player’s motivation, social connectedness, and overall leisure repertoire. A secondary data analysis was undertaken using data (n = 982) gathered from the Georgian College Student Wellbeing Survey launched in January 2019 conducted by the Canadian Index of Wellbeing (CIW). Multiple factors were considered in exploring the relationship to wellbeing including the students demographic characteristics (age, sex, student status). Students identified the frequency and intensity of their gaming, a measure of their leisure repertoire was calculated, and the degree to which they were socially motivated to participate in their leisure assessed. Three different measures were used to assess social connectedness: (1) number of close friends, (2) feelings of social isolation, and (3) sense of community (i.e., social climate and bonds). Finally, as a measure of their subjective wellbeing, students rated their life satisfaction along an 11-point scale. The findings indicated that neither whether students participated in gaming nor their intensity of gaming were significant factors in explaining wellbeing. Instead, social factors (feelings of social isolation and perceptions of social climate and bonds) and leisure repertoire were particularly significant factors in explaining their wellbeing. Reducing feelings of social isolation emerged as the most important factor in explaining wellbeing irrespective of how intensely or how often students participate in gaming. Ultimately, social context is the most important factor in explaining variations in wellbeing, above and beyond other factors including gaming participation and intensity
Exploring volunteering experiences of South Asian Indians and their intersections with community identity and daily life in Canada
Get PDFThere is abundant evidence that volunteering generates both positive and negative
impacts on the daily lives of volunteers as well as individuals in the communities they serve
(Cavanaugh et al., 2000; Han et al., 2020, p.1732). Volunteering experiences of immigrant
communities like South Asian Indians (SAIs) in Canada are not well represented in Western
volunteering literature, and this gap is especially concerning in times when there is a worldwide
decline in volunteering retention (Stefanick et al., 2020, p.124). To help fill this gap, I
interviewed SAIs in Canada to understand what it means to volunteer for them and what
constitutes their volunteering experiences. Throughout the research, I became increasingly aware
of the importance of a variety of contextual factors that shaped the volunteering experience.
Adopting a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, I was able to explore the ways in which
different contextual factors influenced the volunteering interpretations, motivations, recognition
of the SAI community identity, as well as the impact that volunteering created on daily life. The
shared conversations with the SAI volunteers revealed four principal themes: (1) volunteering
interpretations are different in the native and immigrant country, (2) settlement goals and leisure
goals are primary volunteer motives, (3) the SAI community identity emerges when volunteers
seek familiarity in the Canadian contexts, and (4) volunteering meanings, motives, and identities
interact to have a possible impact on daily life. The findings highlight the interactions between
the contexts, volunteers’ priorities, leisure outcomes of volunteering, and culture at the
volunteering organization, thereby reinforcing the significance of considering the contextual
factors in future research. In addition, the study presents volunteer participants’ suggestions that
can support volunteering organizations in their work to improve volunteer welfare and volunteer
retention
Examining the formation of wellbeing during and its change after a tourist experience
Get PDFThis study lays out a solid foundation for research on wellbeing in the tourism context by answering two primary questions – how, and in what way, does tourism promote wellbeing? Second, to what extent does wellbeing change after a tourist experience?
To answer the first question, this study draws on existential authenticity theory that suggests tourism enables people to live authentically, and thereby allows for optimal tourist experiences. This study also refers to eudaimonism theory that indicates wellbeing is attained through being authentic in oneself and that experiencing optimal functioning in specific activities further facilitates wellbeing. By integrating these two theories, this study argues that existential authenticity facilitates wellbeing through optimal tourist experiences. To examine this premise, this study examined the mediating effect of optimal tourist experiences in the relationship between existential authenticity and wellbeing.
To answer the second question concerning the sustained effect of the tourist experience on wellbeing, three sub-questions are posed that existing longitudinal studies have failed to adequately address: (1) what’s the trajectory of wellbeing change after a tourist experience? (2) does the tourist experience predict the change of wellbeing after tourism? and (3) is there a difference in feelings of hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing in the change after a tourist experience? This study set out to address these questions by adopting a longitudinal survey design involving three waves over several months during which participants completed self-administered questionnaires concerning their tourist experience and both hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing.
The three waves of data collection were administered from September 2018 to February 2019 in China, with 228 participants recruited for the first survey during their tourist experience. A total of 211 participants remained in the second survey conducted four weeks after their tourist experience, and 208 remained in the third survey conducted eight weeks after their tourist experience. Along with some demographics and trip characteristics, the initial survey measured existential authenticity based on the three core concepts of Authentic Living, Accepting External Influence, and Self-Alienation, and assessed the optimal tourist experiences based on Positive Emotions, Sense of Meaning in Life, Sense of Growth, Sense of Engagement, and Sense of Positive Relations. Hedonic wellbeing was measured based on participants’ Positive Emotions, Negative Emotions, and Life Satisfaction; and their eudaimonic wellbeing was measured based on the concept of Flourishing. Mediation analyses were conducted using SPSS to answer the first research question and Latent Growth Curve modeling in AMOS was used to assess change in wellbeing after a tourist experience to answer the second set of questions.
The mediation analysis suggested that most optimal tourist experiences mediate the relationships of Authentic Living to Positive Emotions, Negative Emotions, Life Satisfaction, and Flourishing. The Accepting External Influence was not significantly related to either hedonic or eudaimonic wellbeing. Most optimal tourist experiences mediate the relationships of Self-Alienation to Positive Emotions, Negative Emotions, and Flourishing, but Self-Alienation was not related to the Life Satisfaction.
The Latent Growth Curve modeling analysis suggested that the Positive Emotions declined dramatically in the first month following a tourist experience and then marginally again in the second month. The decline in Positive Emotions was slower for people who reported higher levels of optimal tourist experiences. Negative Emotions increased dramatically in the first month after a tourist experience and then marginally in the second month, and the change was very similar across all individuals. Life Satisfaction (hedonic wellbeing) neither declined nor increased significantly in the two months following a tourist experience, and its change was not significantly different across individuals. Flourishing (eudaimonic wellbeing) declined gradually and marginally over the same two-time intervals, and the decline was slower for people who reported higher levels of optimal tourist experiences.
Drawing on existing evidence and the results of this study, the premise arising from linking existential authenticity theory and eudaimonism theory was supported; that is, tourism enables people to live more authentically during tourism, which promotes optimal tourist experiences and experiences of optimal functioning in tourism, and ultimately, these conditions lead to higher levels of wellbeing. Further, gains in hedonic wellbeing fade dramatically in the first month following a tourist experience, whereas eudaimonic wellbeing fades more gradually and marginally in the two months following a tourist experience. Thus, the effect of tourism on eudaimonic wellbeing is more stable over time than the effect on hedonic wellbeing. This study also concludes that when tourist experiences are more optimal, they can slow the decline in wellbeing over time. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of these findings are discussed, as well as study limitations and suggestions for future research
Kung Fu is Inside the Body: A Phenomenological Inquiry into Cultivating Martial Art Practices
Get PDFThe purpose of this phenomenological inquiry was to explore the meaning-making and cultivation of Kung Fu within a martial arts club. The inquiry focused specifically on the teachings of Grandmaster Qing Fu Pan, and how these teachings are cultivated and embodied by his students on their path toward transformation of being. Phenomenology was used as both a philosophical orientation and methodology, and Taoist teachings were integrated throughout to add a layer of interpretive understanding. In this dissertation, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to guide data collection and analysis, involving an abductive process through which analysis of semi-structured interviews and field observations informed the meaning construction process. Participants included Grandmaster Pan and his students.
Two core essences describe the depth of the path of the Iron and Silk martial arts of Grandmaster Pan. The first essence—Layers of Knowing: Metaphors for Cultivating and Embodying Iron and Silk—speaks to the cultivation of Iron and Silk as the student engages in the practice of Chinese martial arts training. Within this essence, participants describe their understanding of the Fluid Movement Between Iron and Silk in both martial arts in life, while emphasizing the importance of situating or Embedding Meaning in a Science of Self-Defence. Understanding Iron and Silk as Cultivating a Path of Transformation presents a series of metaphors that describes the path of practice and “Change to in your Body”: Embodying The Way of the Iron and Silk speaks to the internalization of this martial arts practice as Grandmaster Pan uses his own embodied knowledge to strategically cultivate the potential of his students. The second essence—Relationship Cultivates Kung Fu, Kung Fu Cultivates Relationship—describes the importance of relationship in cultivating Iron and Silk. The depth of Grandmaster Pan’s roots in the martial arts added a rich narrative of lineage, history, and uses of the practices that was central to the training, making it significantly different from other forms of sport and exercise. The essence begins with an exploration of Cultivating a Kung Fu Lineage and the importance of participants’ experiences of their Relationship to a Sifu. Then, Finding a Home: Continuation of Relationship in Physical and Social Space describes the intersubjective space created by Grandmaster Pan and his students. The intimacy of relationship within the club is explored further in “Doing business is easy, having a relationship is hard”: Relationships of Iron and Silk, which describes the respect, cooperation, and humility that manifested in relationships among students and created a united family of practitioners. Consequently, Openness of Learning in the Cultivation of Iron & Silk describes the importance of engaging with openess when immersed in the martial arts.
As Taoism focuses on the relationship between individual and the universal, and phenomenology focuses on attempts to make sense of experience and subjective consciousness within an intersubjective world, this study evolved into an exploration of the relationship between intersubjective human experience and the movement toward living in alignment with the totality of universal reality as martial arts practices become abjectively embodied. The martial arts are presented as a cultivated-embodied-relational and intersubjective practice as the martial artist engages in the cauldron in approximation of the universal Tao. A conversation about embodiment, and specifically abjective embodiment, weaves together the interplay between the interdependent essences of cultivation, transformation, and relationship. The discussion is furthered as intersubjectivity and the Taoist concept of Te—moral power or virtue of a person who follows a correct course of conduct, connecting the individual with the cosmos—highlight interdependence on the path of transformation through the embodied practice of cultivating Iron and Silk Kung Fu.
Theoretical contributions of this study arise through the engagement of phenomenology and Taoism to develop a holistic understanding of the practice of the traditional martial art of Iron and Silk Kung Fu. As leisure studies expands and grows in its diversity and depth of cultural exploration, it will be essential to develop an broader theoretical and philosophical approach to understanding experience. Insights and reflections presented in this dissertation can be practically applied in three key ways. First, challenging notions of transactional exchange in understanding interpersonal connections, and presenting a relational understanding of intersubjective interaction. Second, the holistic understanding of leadership presented here might inform future generations of teachers and coaches in sport, training, education, and personal development. Third, this dissertation provides on fusion of phenomenology and Taoism that might guide future leisure studies scholars
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