1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Advances in Organic Microcavities: Electrical Tunability and High Current Density Excitation
Full text linkThere is a huge demand for low-cost and compact laser devices in particular for point-of-care diagnostic, sensing, or optical communication. Organic solid-state lasers (OSLs) have a great potential to fill that gap due to their specific properties such as high optical gain, low lasing threshold, and spectral tunability. To miniaturize OSLs for micro-optical circuits two aspects are required: The spectrum of the laser should be easily tunable, and the pumping energy should be provided in a simple and compact method, in the best case electrically.
In this work, we developed a simple, compact, easy to manufacture, and electrically tunable laser resonator using electroactive polymers. The cavity is formed between a highly reflecting distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a highly reflecting silver layer sandwiching a soft elastomer layer. A transparent electrode made by indium tin oxide is placed on the glass substrate below the DBR. If an external voltage between the transparent bottom electrode and the metal layer is applied, the elastomer layer is compressed by the electrostatic pressure, which leads to a blue shift of the optical modes of the microcavity. If an active material with a broad emission spectrum, such as organic molecules, is included inside the cavity layer, it enables the development of an electrically tunable OSL. Hence, we demonstrate a cost-effective approach towards an electrically tunable organic
laser source particularly suitable for easily processable lab-on-chip devices.
In the second part, a novel organic light emitting diode (OLED) architecture is realized enabling high current densities with low optical losses in the prospect of the realization of an electrically driven OSL. For this purpose, an additional highly conductive lateral transport layer (LTL) is introduced to achieve expansion of the charge recombination to the electrode-free area. Simulations by equivalent circuit approach allow for an analysis of the lateral distribution of the vertical current density to predict the lateral current density distribution in the high excitation regime (current densities ≈ 1 kA/cm² ). Moreover, the Joule heating of the device is reduced by restructuring the OLED layer stack. Thus, high current densities close to the predicted lasing threshold of 1 kA/cm² could be achieved. The results of the thesis presenting a significant step towards the development of an
electrical pumped OSL.:1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Optical Cavities
2.1.1 Fabry-Perot Resonator
2.1.2 Transfer Matrix Algorithm
2.1.3 Distributed Bragg Reflector
2.1.4 Optical Microcavities
2.1.5 Tunable Optical Cavities
2.2 Organic Semiconductors
2.2.1 Properties
2.2.2 Electronic Structure
2.2.3 Absorption and Emission Spectra
2.2.4 Electrical Current
2.2.5 Doping
2.3 Organic Light Emitting Diodes
2.3.1 Basic OLED
2.3.2 Pin-OLED
2.3.3 OLEDs at High Excitation
2.4 Organic Lasers
2.4.1 Fundamentals of a Laser
2.4.2 Organic Molecules as Active Medium
2.4.3 Electrical Pumping of Organic Lasers
2.5 Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
2.5.1 Principle of Operation
2.5.2 Silicone-Based Materials
2.5.3 Compliant Electrodes
3 Experimental Methods
3.1 Sample Fabrication
3.1.1 Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
3.1.2 Organic Light Emitting Diodes
3.2 Characterization Techniques
3.2.1 Optical Characterization
3.2.2 Electrical Characterization
4 Tunable Optical Cavities with Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
4.1 Design of the Tunable Optical Microcavity
4.1.1 Tunable Cavity with Thin Metal Electrode .
4.1.2 Compliant Metal Electrodes on Dielectric Elastomer Films
4.1.3 Actuator Performance of Thick Metal Electrode
4.1.4 Electro-mechanical Characteristic
4.2 Tunable Emission of Optical Elastomer Cavities
4.2.1 Incorporation of Organic Laser Dyes in the Elastomer
4.2.2 Tunable Photoluminescence Spectra
4.2.3 Lasing in Elastomer Cavities
5 Novel Architecture for OLEDs at High Excitation
5.1 OLEDs at High Excitations Using Emission from Metal-free Area
5.1.1 Simulation of the Lateral Distribution of the Vertical Current Density
5.1.2 Investigation of the Lateral Emission
5.1.3 Organic Zener Junction
5.1.4 Simulation of High Excitation Behavior
5.2 Reduction of Self-heating for OLEDs at High Excitation
5.2.1 Crossbar-OLED at High Current Densities
5.2.2 Change in Layer Structure
5.3 Fully Transparent Metal-free OLEDs
5.3.1 Highly doped C 60 as a Transparent Electrode
5.3.2 Investigation of the External Quantum Efficiency
6 Conclusion and OutlookInsbesondere durch die wachsende Nachfrage in Point-of-Care-Diagnostik, Sensorik oder optischer Kommunikationstechnologie wird eine große Anzahl von günstigen und kompakten Laserbauteilen benötigt. Aufgrund ihrer spezifischen Eigenschaften, wie hoher optische Verstärkung, niedriger Laserschwelle und spektrale Durchstimmbarkeit, sind organische Festkörperlaser geeignete Kandidaten, um diese Lücke zu schließen. Für die Anwendung als mikrooptische Systeme werden zwei wesentliche Komponenten benötigt: Die spektrale Durchstimmbarkeit sowie das Pumpen des Lasers sollten mit einem einfachen und kompakten Verfahren realisiert werden, im besten Fall durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein kompakter, elektrisch durchstimmbarer Laserresonator entwickelt, welcher mittels eines dielektrischen Elastomeraktuators in wenigen Prozessschritten realisiert werden kann. Der Resonator besteht aus zwei hochreflektierenden Spiegeln, einem dielektrischen Bragg-Spiegels und einem Metallspiegel, die eine Resonatorschicht aus einem weichen, verformbaren Elastomer umschließen. Für die elektrische Aktuation wird eine Spannung zwischen einer transparenten Bodenelektrode aus Indiumzinnoxid unterhalb des Bragg-Spiegel und der Metallschicht angelegt. Durch die elektrostatische Anziehung beider Elektroden wird die Elastomerschicht zusammengedrückt, wodurch die optischen Moden des Resonators eine Blauverschiebung der Wellenlänge erfahren. Durch die Integration einens Fluoreszenzfarbstoffes mit einem breiten Emissionsspektrum innerhalb der Resonatorschicht, wird die Umsetzung eines elektrisch durchstimmbaren, organischen Festkörperlasers ermöglicht.
Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird ein neuartiges Design für organische Leuchtdioden (OLED) vorgestellt, um diese bei hohen Stromdichten zu betreiben und gleichzeitig die optischen Verluste, die beim Einbau in einen optischen Mikroresonator auftreten, zu minimieren. Hierfür wird eine zusätzliche hoch leitfähige, organische Schicht, die laterale Transportschicht, in den Schichtaufbau der OLED integriert. Aufgrund des verstärkten lateralen Ladungsträgertransports wird die Rekombinationszone bis außerhalb der Elektroden bedeckten Fläche ausgeweitet. Mithilfe einer Simulation, welche die organischen Schichten mittels eines Ersatzschaltbildes beschreibt, war es möglich, die laterale Verteilung der vertikalen Stromdichte zu bestimmen und damit Vorhersagen über die Stromdichtenverteilung bei hohen Anregungen (≈ 1 kA/cm² ) zu treffen. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht eine geänderte Schichtreihenfolge der OLED, die Joulesche Erwärmung des Bauteils zu reduzieren. Dadurch ist es möglich, hohe Stromdichten überhalb der vorherge sagten Laserschwelle von 1 kA/cm² zu erreichen. Diese Ergebnisse stellen eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung eines elektrisch gepumpten, organischen Festkörperlasers dar.:1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Optical Cavities
2.1.1 Fabry-Perot Resonator
2.1.2 Transfer Matrix Algorithm
2.1.3 Distributed Bragg Reflector
2.1.4 Optical Microcavities
2.1.5 Tunable Optical Cavities
2.2 Organic Semiconductors
2.2.1 Properties
2.2.2 Electronic Structure
2.2.3 Absorption and Emission Spectra
2.2.4 Electrical Current
2.2.5 Doping
2.3 Organic Light Emitting Diodes
2.3.1 Basic OLED
2.3.2 Pin-OLED
2.3.3 OLEDs at High Excitation
2.4 Organic Lasers
2.4.1 Fundamentals of a Laser
2.4.2 Organic Molecules as Active Medium
2.4.3 Electrical Pumping of Organic Lasers
2.5 Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
2.5.1 Principle of Operation
2.5.2 Silicone-Based Materials
2.5.3 Compliant Electrodes
3 Experimental Methods
3.1 Sample Fabrication
3.1.1 Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
3.1.2 Organic Light Emitting Diodes
3.2 Characterization Techniques
3.2.1 Optical Characterization
3.2.2 Electrical Characterization
4 Tunable Optical Cavities with Dielectric Elastomer Actuators
4.1 Design of the Tunable Optical Microcavity
4.1.1 Tunable Cavity with Thin Metal Electrode .
4.1.2 Compliant Metal Electrodes on Dielectric Elastomer Films
4.1.3 Actuator Performance of Thick Metal Electrode
4.1.4 Electro-mechanical Characteristic
4.2 Tunable Emission of Optical Elastomer Cavities
4.2.1 Incorporation of Organic Laser Dyes in the Elastomer
4.2.2 Tunable Photoluminescence Spectra
4.2.3 Lasing in Elastomer Cavities
5 Novel Architecture for OLEDs at High Excitation
5.1 OLEDs at High Excitations Using Emission from Metal-free Area
5.1.1 Simulation of the Lateral Distribution of the Vertical Current Density
5.1.2 Investigation of the Lateral Emission
5.1.3 Organic Zener Junction
5.1.4 Simulation of High Excitation Behavior
5.2 Reduction of Self-heating for OLEDs at High Excitation
5.2.1 Crossbar-OLED at High Current Densities
5.2.2 Change in Layer Structure
5.3 Fully Transparent Metal-free OLEDs
5.3.1 Highly doped C 60 as a Transparent Electrode
5.3.2 Investigation of the External Quantum Efficiency
6 Conclusion and Outloo
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