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Matrimonial Consent and the Mental Life of the Person. A Psychological-Canonical Analysis of Matrimonial Consent
Get PDF»Ženidbena privola čin je volje kojim muška osoba i ženska osoba neopozivim savezom sebe uzajamno predaju i primaju da uspostave ženidbu« (kan. 1057, § 2). U analizi te kanonske definicije ženidbene privole autor članka otkriva pravne i psihološke elemente. Usmjerava pozornost na mjesto i ulogu ljubavi u psihološkoj, pravnoj i duhovnoj dimenziji osoba koje sklapaju ženidbu. Ukazuje na psihičke dinamizme i strukture koji su uključeni u oblikovanje te davanje i primanje ženidbene privole. Budući da je Ženidbena privola odluka zaručnika da dijele »zajednicu svega života« (kan. 1055, § 1), autor analizira psihološki proces odlučivanja. U formiranju ženidbene privole i u samoj ženidbi mogu se, međutim, pojaviti poteškoće psihičke naravi u obliku lakših psihopatologija ili kao posljedica neskladnosti na podsvjesnoj razini između izabrane vrjednote i njezinog ostvarenja. Da bi se rasvijetlile te činjenice, autor razlaže tri dimenzije psihičkog života: razumnu ili moralnu, podsvjesnu dimenziju i treću dimenziju koja se izjednačava s psihopatologijom. Pored trostruke dimenzionalnosti, postoje i tri razine psihičkog života: psihofiziološka, psihosocijalna i duhovna ili racionalna razina. Kao voljni čin i odluka, ženidbena je privola izravno povezana sa slobodom i odgovornošću, pa je zato potrebno uočiti razliku između esencijalne i efektivne slobode. Primjenjujući psihološke spoznaje na kanonsku ženidbenu privolu, autor vrjednuje valjanost ženidbene privole prema trostrukoj dimenzionalnosti psihičkog života, a posebno analizira utjecaj podsvjesnoga u odnosu na privolu. Da bi se ispravno prosuđivao nedostatak u ženidbenoj privoli zbog duševne bolesti, potrebna je ispravna suradnja kanonskog prava sa znanostima koje proučavaju to područje (psihologija, psihijatrija). U suodnosu tih znanosti podrazumijeva se prihvaćanje pojmova normalnosti i psihopatologije, te zrelosti i nezrelosti u svjetlu cjelovite kršćanske antropologije. U sudskoj se praksi ta suradnja očituje u ispravnom odnosu između crkvenog suca i stručnjaka te u poštivanju njihovih uloga i kompetencija u ženidbenoj parnici.»Matrimonial consent is an act of the will by which a man and a woman give and accept each other through an irrevocable covenant in order to establish marriage« (can. 1057, § 2). In the analysis of this canonical definition of matrimonial consent the author of this article reveals juridical and psychological elements. He draws attention towards the place and the role of love in psychological, juridical and spiritual dimension of persons who contract marriage. The author also points out the mental dimensions and structures which are involved in the formation and giving and accepting matrimonial consent. Since matrimonial consent is a decision of spouses to share »a partnership of the whole of life« (can. 1055, § 1), the author analyzes the psychological process of decision making. In the formation of matrimonial consent and in the marriage itself the difficulties of mental nature might appear in the form of minor psychopathology or as the consequence of inconsistencies on the subconscious level between the chosen value at a conscious level and its realization. It happens because the subconscious part of the »actual self« is principally in contradiction with the »ideal self«. In order to clarify these facts, the author explains three dimensions or states of mental life: rational or moral, subconscious dimension and the third one which involves normality versus psychopathology. Apart from triple dimensionality, there are also three levels of mental life: psycho-physiological, psycho-sociological and spiritual or rational. As an act of will and decision, matrimonial consent is directly related to freedom and responsibility, and because of that it is necessary to notice the difference between the essential and effective freedom. Implementing the psychological findings on canonical matrimonial consent, the author evaluates the validity of matrimonial consent taking into account triple dimensionality of mental life, particularly analyzing the influence of second dimension at a subconscious level in regard to consent. In order to judge correctly the defect of matrimonial consent because of mental illness, there is a need for correct cooperation of canon law with the sciences which deal specifically with that area of life (i.e. psychology and psychiatry). In correlation of these sciences it is required to take into consideration the concepts of normality and psychopathology, as well as the concepts of maturity and immaturity in the light of the integral Christian anthropology. In Jurisprudence this cooperation is manifested in the correct relationship between ecclesiastical judges and experts in the psychological investigation, which involves the indispensable respect for their specific role and competence in the canonical process for the declaration of nullity of a marriage due to mental incapacity
The Church in Croatia and Church Law: Situation and Perspectives
Get PDFAutor u ovom radu analizira mjesto i ulogu crkvenog prava (kanonsko pravo, liturgijsko pravo, javno crkveno pravo) u životu Crkve u Hrvatskoj, ne zanemarujući pritom ni Crkvu u Bosni i Hercegovini ukoliko se radi o istom hrvatskom jezičnom području. Stoga u prvom dijelu razlaže dostupnost hrvatskih prijevoda Zakonika kanonskog prava, prijašnjeg iz 1917. godine i sada važećeg iz 1983. godine, ali i ostalih normativnih akata važnih za život opće Crkve i partikularnih Crkava. U drugom dijelu iznosi znanstveno i stručno djelovanje i publicistiku hrvatskih crkvenih pravnika: njihovu nastavnu aktivnost na crkvenim fakultetima te objavljivanje priručnika, udžbenika, komentara pojedinih knjiga Zakonika i znanstveno-stručnih radova koji se odnose na važne teme crkvenog prava. Zajedničko djelovanje crkvenih pravnika hrvatskog govornog područja posebno se ogleda u organiziranju i provedbi znanstvenih kanonsko-pravnih simpozija i objavljivanju zbornika radova s tih simpozija, o čemu autor govori u trećem dijelu ovoga rada. Predstavljaju se također i tri značajna projekta kao neposredna obveza koja stoji pred hrvatskim crkvenim pravnicima: izrada i objavljivanje Rječnika kanonskog prava i cjelovitog komentara Zakonika kanonskog prava na hrvatskom jeziku te osnivanje Hrvatskog kanonističkog društva.In the present paper the author analyses the place and role of the Church Law (Canon, Liturgical and Public Church Law) in the life of the Church in Croatia as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina in so far as it is a part of the same Croatian linguistic space. Therefore, the first part the article analyses the availability of a Croatian translation of the Code of Canon Law: of the former Code from 1917 as well as the current one from 1983, but also of the other normative acts relevant for the life of the Universal Church and of particular Churches all over the world. In the second part of the article, the author outlines the scientific and professional activity as well as publications of Croatian ecclesiastical legal experts: their academic work in ecclesiastical faculties, as well as the publication of manuals, textbooks, commentaries on each of the seven individual books of the current Code and scientific publications on important topics of Church Law. The common activity of Croatian ecclesiastical legal experts is particularly reflected in the organization and realization of scientific canon-law conferences and the publication of conference papers, which is dealt with in the third part of this article. Croatian ecclesiastical legal experts intend to present three important projects in the near future: preparation and publication of the Dictionary of Canon Law and a comprehensive commentary of the Code of Canon Law in Croatian, as well as the foundation of the Croatian Canon Law Society
THE PRIEST MINISTER OF THE MOST HOLY EUCHARIST – CANONICAL-JURIDICAL NORMS
Get PDFAutor u članku razlaže odnos svećenika i euharistije u kanonsko-pravnom vidu, ukoliko je svećenik istodobno predvoditelj, slavitelj i služitelj sv. mise. Izdvajajući one kanonsko-pravne odrednice općeg i partikularnog prava koje se odnose na to područje, tumači ih i osvjetljava njihovo značenje u svakodnevnoj svećenikovoj praksi. Pritom uzima u obzir kako univerzalno kanonsko pravo (Zakonik kanonskog prava iz 1983. i drugi pravni akti važeći za cijelu latinsku Crkvu) tako i partikularno pravo, posebno odredbe i smjernice Hrvatske biskupske konferencije, ali i pojedinih biskupija, prvenstveno onih koje su u sastavu Riječke metropolije. Rad je podijeljen u četiri dijela: 1. spominjanje imena pokojnika u misi; 2. slavljenje mise više od jedanput na dan (binacije i trinacije); 3. slavljenje mise po tzv. „kolektivnoj nakani“; 4. prilog za misno slavlje. Iz tako podijeljene materije vidljive su obveze i prava svećenika služitelja euharistije. Kanonska normativa o tim pitanjima, koja je sada na snazi i kojom je crkveni zakonodavac htio urediti svećenikovo služenje euharistije, metodološki je tako izložena da bude u svakom trenutku uporabljiva i korisna najprije samim svećenicima, ali i svima onima koji se žele pobliže upoznati s tim važnim temama.In this study Author explains relationship between the priest and the Holy Eucharist in the light of canonical-juridical norms in regard to his triple position: the priest at the same time presides, celebrates and is the minister of the Eucharistic celebration. Selecting those canonical-juridical norms of universal and particular Canon law that directly refers to this matter, Author offers their interpretation and application to the concrete and everyday practice of priest. In doing so he takes into consideration universal Canon law (Code of Canon Law 1983 and other juridical norms valid for the whole Latin Church) as well as particular law: directives and instructions of the Croatian Bishop Conference, and each particular diocese, in the first place the norms and instructions of the dioceses belonging to the ecclesiastical province of Rijeka.
The study is divided in four sections: 1. Mention of the name of deceased in the Eucharistic prayer; 2. Celebration of the Holy Mass more than once a day (binations and trinations); 3. Celebration of the Holy Mass per so-called “collective intention” (“Cumulative Mass”); 4. Mass offering. Dividing the study in this way, the obligations and rights of the priest as a minister of the Eucharist become clear. Canonical norms about this issues, currently valid, and with which church legislator wanted to define ministering of the Eucharist by priests, is explained in this way in order to be clear, usable and useful first of all to the priests themselves, and to others who are interested in these very important issues
VIOLATIONS OF ECCLESIASTICAL DISCIPLINE AND PUBLIC ORDER: THREE SPECIAL FACULTIES OF THE CONGREGATION FOR THE CLERGY
Get PDFKako bi se djelotvornije moglo odgovoriti na povrede crkvene stege i javnoga reda u Crkvi, počinjene od klerika, papa Benedikt XVI. podijelio je 30. siječnja 2009. Kongregaciji za kler tri posebne ovlasti (tre facoltà speciali) o kojima govori ovaj rad. O tim je posebnim ovlastima Kongregacija poslala Okružno pismo (Litterae circulares) svim ordinarijima 18. travnja 2009. godine. Primjena tih ovlasti podrazumijeva gubitak kleričkoga staleža, a time i svih prava i obveza koji proizlaze iz sakramenta sv. reda, uključujući i celibat. Važno je, međutim, uočiti da se ovlasti (facultates) nikada ne primjenjuju automatski nego se svaki slučaj povrede crkve stege od strane klerika posebno razmatra i u propisanom upravnom postupku istražuje. Ovim se ovlastima također ništa ne oduzima od mjerodavnosti vlastitih ordinarija nego im na ovaj način Kongregacija izlazi ususret i, uvijek na njihovo traženje, pomaže blagovremeno doskočiti negativnim pojavama te ponovno uspostaviti željeni red i mir u Crkvi.
Autor zato najprije prikazuje sadržaj Okružnog pisma od 18. travnja 2009., kako supstancijalni tako i normativni dio, da bi se zatim u drugome dijelu posebno posvetio samim ovlastima: njihovu stvarnom sadržaju i pravilnoj primjeni. Potrebno je naime uočiti tri skupine kažnjivih djela koje korespondiraju s trima ovlastima. Za svaku skupinu kažnjivih djela koja potpadaju pod posebne ovlasti predviđen je i propisan upravni postupak, odnosno postupanje u trećoj ovlasti, čime se autor bavi u trećem dijelu. Ispravnom uporabom tih pravnih sredstava te dobro istraženim slučajem na biskupijskoj razini, odnosno na razini redovničke ustanove, omogućava se Kongregaciji za kler efikasnije primijeniti svoje posebne ovlasti na dobrobit opće i partikularne Crkve o kojoj se radi.To be able to respond effectively to violations of ecclesiastical discipline and public order in the Church, committed by the cleric, Pope Benedict XVI gave on January 30, 2009 the Congregation for the Clergy three special faculties (tre facoltà speciali) which are the subject of this article. The Congregation sent a Circular Letter (Litterae circulares) about this to all Ordinaries on April 18, 2009. The application of these faculties implies the loss of clerical state and, therefore, all the rights and obligations arising from the Sacrament of Holy Order, including celibacy. It is important however to note that the three faculties (facultates) are never applied automatically, but every case of violation of ecclesiastical discipline by the clergy is taken in particular consideration and subjected to investigation in the prescribed administrative procedure. With these faculties nothing is detracted from the jurisdiction of the proper Ordinary, but in this way the Congregation for the Clergy, always by request of Ordinaries, assists them to promptly and properly reply to negative phenomena and to re-establish the desired order and peace in the Church.
The author therefore first displays the contents of the Circular Letter dated on April 18, 2009 and divided in a substantial and normative part. In the second part three faculties are observed from the side of their real contents and proper application. It is necessary to distinguish between three groups of delicts which correspond with the three faculties. The administrative procedure or proceeding (as in the third faculty) is provided and prescribed for each category of delicts that enter within the three special faculties, which the author deals in the third part of article. The proper use of these juridical remedies and well-investigation of every case on the diocesan level or on the level of religious institute, enable the Congregation for the Clergy to effectively apply its special faculties for the benefit of the universal and particular Church involved in each single case
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Homosexuality and Canonical Suitability for Clerical State According to The Instruction In Continuita
Get PDFFenomen homoseksualnosti izaziva danas mnoge nedoumice i pitanja, a pritisci da se shvati kao jedna od varijanata spolnog identiteta uz heteroseksualnost i biseksualnost su sve snažniji. Živeći u takvom svijetu u Crkvi se postavilo pitanje odnosa kleričke službe i homoseksualnosti, i još prije homoseksualnih sklonosti kandidata za klerički stalež. Želeći unijeti jasnoću u tu problematiku, Kongregacija za katolički odgoj izdala je 4. studenoga 2005. godine važnu uputu In continuita o kriterijima za prosuđivanje zvanja osoba s homoseksualnim sklonostima s obzirom na njihovo pripuštanje u sjemenište i svetim redovima. U ovom radu se najprije prikazuje sadržaj Upute te uočava središnji kriterij koji glasi: ne mogu se pripustiti ređenju oni koji prakticiraju homoseksualne čine, pokazuju duboko ukorijenjene homoseksualne sklonosti i promiču homoseksualnu kulturu (tzv. gay culture); mogu se pripustiti ređenju oni koji pokazuju prolazne homoseksualne tendencije ako ih nadvladaju barem tri godine prije đakonskog ređenja.
Zatim se detaljnije razlažu i komentiraju pojedine tvrdnje i navedeni kriteriji. Pritom autor rada prepoznaje u Uputi interdisciplinarni, trostruki pristup: teološko-eklezijalni, psihološki i kanonski. Na teološko-eklezijalnoj razini naglašava se osnovni cilj formacije kandidata za kleričku službu koji se sastoji u suobličenju Kristu, Zaručniku, Glavi i Pastiru Crkve, što zahtijeva vjerničku zrelost. Na psihološkoj razini prepoznaje se potreba stjecanja dovoljne psihoafektivne zrelosti kao pretpostavke za kleričko služenje i pastoralno djelovanje, što uključuje zrele i uravnotežene odnose prema osobama i muškog i ženskog spola. Konačno se na crkveno-pravnoj razini utvrđuje potpuno suglasje kriterija s kanonskim odredbama o kleričkoj formaciji u sjemeništu i provjeri prikladnosti kandidata za ređenje.Today the phenomenon of homosexuality causes many questions and doubts while pressures to perceive it as one of the varieties of sexual identity together with heterosexuality and bisexuality are becoming stronger. The Church living in such a world has posed the question of clerical ministry and homosexuality, and also that of homosexual tendencies of candidates for clerical state. Wanting to bring clarity to this issue, the Congregation for Catholic Education on 4 November 2005 issued an important Instruction In continuita concerning the Criteria for the Discernment of Vocations with regard to Persons with Homosexual Tendencies in view of their Admission to the Seminary and to Holy Orders. This paper first presents the content of the Instruction, and notes the central criterion, which reads: cannot be admitted to the seminary or to holy orders those who practice homosexual acts or present a deepseated homosexual tendency or support the so-called »gay culture«; but can however be admitted to the seminary or to holy orders those who present transitory homosexual tendencies if such tendencies are overcome at least three years before diaconal ordination.
Furthermore the author explains and comments his claims and the criteria of the Instruction recognizing in the text an interdisciplinary, triple approach: theological-ecclesiological, psychological and a canonical point of view. The theological and ecclesiological level emphasizes the basic objective of formation of candidates to clerical ministry, which consists in conformity to Jesus Christ, who is Spouse, Head and Shepherd of the Church, which requires maturity of faith. On the psychological level the need to acquire sufficient psycho-affective maturity is observed as a prerequisite for the clerical ministry and pastoral activity, which includes a mature and balanced attitude towards persons both male and female. Finally, in the canonical level, the entire accord of criterion is determined as expressed in the Instruction In Continuity, with norms of the Code of Canon Law considering formation for clerical state in the seminary and verification of the suitability of candidates for Ordination
LEGAL FUNDAMENTALS OF THE PUBLIC PRESENCE AND ACTIVITY OF THE CHURCH IN CROATIA
Get PDFPrisutnost i djelovanje Katoličke Crkve u javnosti u Republici Hrvatskoj temelji se na pravnim dokumentima koji su odraz želje kako hrvatske države tako i Katoličke Crkve da na suvremenim načelima, sukladno ostalim demokratskim zemljama Europe i svijeta, uredi međusobne odnose. Radi se o poštivanju općeprihvaćenog načela samostalnosti i odvojenosti, ali istodobno i međusobne suradnje na dobro ljudi koji su u isto vrijeme i građani Republike Hrvatske i vjernici, pripadnici Katoličke Crkve. Ta pravna uporišta nalazimo već u Ustavu Republike Hrvatske (iz 1990.), zatim u Zakonu o pravnom položaju vjerskih zajednica (iz 2002.), a posebno u konkordatskom pravu, odnosno u četiri Ugovora koje je Sveta Stolica sklopila s Republikom Hrvatskom: o pravnim pitanjima, o suradnji na području odgoja i kulture, o dušobrižništvu katoličkih vjernika, pripadnika oružanih snaga i redarstvenih službi Republike Hrvatske (iz 1996.) te o gospodarskim pitanjima (iz 1998.). U tim je Ugovorima zajamčeno mjesto i uloga Katoličke Crkve i njezinih ustrojbenih jedinica, kao priznatih javnih pravnih osoba, u javnosti, i pobliže u sredstvima društvenog priopćivanja, u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama, u bolničkim, karitativnim i drugim ustanovama društvene skrbi, u zatvorima, te u oružanim snagama i redarstvenim službama. Autor u članku ukazuje na postojeće odredbe i na potrebu da se one poštuju, kako bi međusobna suradnja Crkve i države bila na opće dobro onih zbog kojih su ova pravna uporišta i oblikovana.The public presence and activity of the Catholic Church in Croatia are based on legal documents which express the desire of both the Croatian State and the Catholic Church to regulate mutual
relations based on contemporary principles, in line with other democratic states of Europe and the world. We speak here about the respect for commonly accepted principles of autonomy and independence, what include mutual cooperation for the benefit of persons, who are both citizens of the Republic of Croatia and Christifideles, members of the Catholic Church. These legal bases we find already in the Croatian Constitution of 1990, then in the Law about the legal status of religious communities of 2002, but particularly in the Concordatary law, namely in the four Agreements signed between the Holy See and the Republic of Croatia: about legal issues, about collaboration in education and culture, about religious assistance of the Catholic faithful, members of the Armed Forces and Police (all three salient in 1996) and finally about economic issues (1998). These Agreements guarantee a place and role of the Catholic Church and its ecclesial institutions, as recognized legal entities in public. In particular it is their presence and activity in the media, in education and training institutions, hospitals, hospices and other charitable and social institutions, in prisons and in the Armed Forces and Police. The author of this article points out the existing rules and draws attention to the need for them to be respected so that the mutual cooperation between the State and the Church can be of benefit for those for whom these legal principles are established
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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