1,721,009 research outputs found
Action research as foresight methodology
No full textTo the action researcher, who laboriously spends his or her hours working within the local contexts of communities or organisations to co-generate meaningful research, and who’s theories are hardened on the anvil of creating meaningful social change; futures studies might seem the discipline the most peripheral to its interests, and the most ill equipped to deal with the local and intimate domain of community existence. To the futurist, who laboriously spends his or her hours understanding the nuances of history and social change, who through persistent work, begins to make sense of the weak signals and the subtle shifts, action research would seem as simply an auxiliary field, inappropriate for understanding the greater scheme. I invite the reader, however, whether they belong to one camp or the other, to let go of their respective disciplinary perspectives, and see both belonging to each other. [Introduction]
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Resource allocation under stress: the Snake River in Idaho
No full textThe debate over management of and adaptation to climate change tends to focus on expert regulation vs. private exploitation. A third path is available: an institutional set in which preferred behaviors are automatically encouraged by shared resource ownership. In water, for example, users can be joint owners of a resource rather than customers of a utility or subject to a regulatory agency. User behavior differs markedly between the two situations.
This book is a study of the Snake River as an example of informal, multi-faceted governance under conditions of growth, climate variability, and changing social preferences. The participants in the story include surface and groundwater irrigators, the State of Idaho, the Idaho legislature, federal agencies, Congress, the President of the United States, the judicial system, and native tribes. While many of the entities involved are governmental agencies, they do not possess formal regulatory authority over use of the River or allocation of its water. They are more like participants in a multifaceted social contract, in which each has claims but none is in a controlling position, and are caught up in an ongoing dance over allocation and use. In this dance, the judicial system acts as an outside constraint and motivator, but because of its own inefficiencies not as a determining player in the outcome.
The implications of climate change for water resources raise the question of how well water institutions in the Western United States might be expected to adapt to changed volume or timing of water flows. Particularly in basins where snowpack provides substantial storage, late season flows will be significantly reduced and underground recharge from slowly melting snow will also be reduced. Within that context, it would be helpful to develop an understanding of what institutional structures are conducive to adaptation, and to what extent new or changed institutions might be required or expected to emerge. This study examines these questions in the context of the Snake River in southern Idaho. The Snake provides a useful case study for several reasons: it lies almost entirely within a single state, Idaho, and thus within a single water law jurisdiction; it is coupled with an extensive aquifer, providing complexities of hydrologic and legal interaction that make it a complete case; and the water law underlying Snake River water allocation is based in the prior appropriation doctrine, providing a test of whether that doctrine continues to be useful.
A Snake River study has another value as well. The Snake history encompasses a major shift of public-policy preference from development of the West (19th and early 20th centuries) to protecting environmental values from development pressure (late 20th century). During the period of development priority, public policy explored several public and private models to realize the scale economies required for irrigation and hydropower. Simultaneously, institutional innovations were required to deal with climate variability, primarily in the form of drought. Finally, as the river became fully appropriated and public preferences changed in the late 20th century, institutions had to deal with changes in use and resource scarcity in the context of a growing population and changing economy.
The contents cover evolution of the system and governance; policy tools developed by the University of Idaho and the Idaho Department of Water Resources to assist management of water rights; special problems posed by conjunctive use of ground and surface water; and case studies in the ongoing institutional development to accommodate change
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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