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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The effect of light on metabolic contents in microgreens
Full text linkKalice so rastline, ki imajo razvito korenino, steblo, klične liste ter je že opazen par prvih pravih listov, uživamo pa le njihov nadzemni del. Mlade rastline so enostavne za gojenje, do pridelka pridemo hitro, saj poteka gojenje 7-21 dni. Kalice pogosto vsebujejo večje količine metabolitov, kot njihove predstavnice zelenjave v tehnološki zrelosti, njihovo sestavo pa je mogoče optimizirati z ustrezno pridelavo. Poleg tega kalice uživamo surove in tako ne uničimo termolabilnih spojin, kot je askorbinska kislina. Z osvetlitvijo lahko vplivamo na metabolno sestavo kalic. Strokovnjaki v raziskavah najraje uporabljajo LED luči, saj omogočajo kontrolo nad kakovostjo in intenziteto svetlobe ter enostavnim uravnavanjem fotoperiode. V primerjavi s starejšimi svetili kot so HPS in fluorescentna svetila, je njihova največja pomanjkljivost visoka cena. Rastlinske vrste različno odreagirajo na kombinacije valovnih dolžin, intenziteto svetlobe ter fotoperiodo. Na večje vsebnosti nekaterih makro in mikro elementov, določenih karotenoidov, klorofilov, antocianinov in glukozinolatov največkrat pozitivno vpliva kombinacija modre in rdeče svetlobe, od tega pa mora biti prevladujoči del rdečega spektra. Ob istih razmerah je lahko večja tudi skupna masa pridelka, hipokotil pa je krajši. Osvetlitev med skladiščenjem porezanih kalic ni priporočljiva.Microgreens are plants, that have a developed root, stem, cotyledons and visible first true leaves and their above ground sections of plants are edible. Young greens are easy to grow and the crop is quickly achieved, since the growth lasts only 7-21 days. Microgreens often contain greater quantities of metabolites than fully developed vegetables. Metabolic content can be optimized by suitable production. Besides all that, we consume those young plants raw and therefore don’t destroy thermolabile substances, like ascorbic acid. We can alter the metabolic content of microgreens by certain light exposure. The experts often use LED lights in their research, because they enable control over light quality and intensity and easy photoperiod regulation. In comparison to older lighting systems like HPS and fluorescent lights, LEDs main deficiency are high costs. Species react very differently to various wavelengths, light intensity and photoperiod. Greater values of macro and micro elements, certain carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins and glucosinolates are often positively affected by blue and red light, with dominantly red spectre. In the same conditions the yield can be greater and the hypocotyl is shorter. The lighting during storage of cut microgreens is not recommended
Cultivation of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) in an unheated greenhouse
Full text linkVisoki stroški ogrevanja in ozek nabor rastlin, ki jih je možno pridelovati v neogrevanem rastlinjaku, sta največja razloga zakaj v Sloveniji rastlinjaki pozimi ostajajo neizkoriščeni. Zanimalo nas je, ali bi bilo gojenje boba (Vicia faba L.) skozi zimo v neogrevanih rastlinjakih smiselno tudi z vidika pridelka, ne samo z vidika pozitivnega vpliva na kolobar. Poskus smo zasnovali 22. novembra 2017 v neogrevanem rastlinjaku laboratorijskega polja Oddelka za agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. Vključili smo dve sorti, \u27Aguadulce Supersimonia\u27 in \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27. Bob smo sejali na razdaljo 33 × 15 cm. Pri vsaki sorti smo imeli po 6 ponovitev. Tri parcele posamezne sorte smo ob setvi prekrili s kopreno, ostale tri parcele so ostale nezastrte. Ugotovili smo, da prekrivanje ob sajenju sprva pozitivno vpliva na višino rastlin, vendar se tekom intenzivne rasti ta razlika manjša. Tekom poskusa smo merili tudi temperaturo in vlago. Zima je bila sicer toplejša kot dolgoletno povprečje, a mesec februar je bil nadpovprečno mrzel. Rastline kljub temu niso kazale nobenih poškodb zaradi nizkih temperatur. Le pri eni ponovitvi sorte \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27 smo zabeležili 100 % kaljivost semen, a hkrati tudi najmanjšo povprečno višino rastlin. Pridelek v voščeni zrelosti se pri sorti \u27Aguadulce Supersimonia\u27 med pokritim (80,4 kg/100 m2) in nepokritim načinom gojenja (82,3 kg/100 m2) ni dosti razlikoval. Pri sorti \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27 smo na zastrtih gredah izmerili za 25 kg/100 m2 več pridelka kot na nezastrtih gredah. Pridelek v suhi zrelosti se je pri sorti \u27Aguadulce Supersimonia\u27 med načini gojenja razlikoval za 1,1 kg/100 m2, pri sorti \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27 za 26,8 kg/100 m2 in pri obeh sortah smo več pridelka zabeležili na gredah, ki so bile zastrte s kopreno.High heating costs and a limited selection of plants, which can be grown in unheated greenhouses, are the main reasons why these remain unused during the winter months in Slovenia. The aim of the study was to find out if broad bean (Vicia faba L.) could be cultivated in unheated greenhouses through winter in Slovenia and produce sufficient crop. This vegetable would be favorable for sowing also because of the positive effect in crop rotation. The experiment was initiated on November 22nd 2017 in an unheated glasshouse located at laboratory fields of the Department of Agronomy at the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana. Two broad bean varieties were compared: \u27Aguadulce Supersimonia\u27 and \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27. Broad beans were sown at a distance of 33 × 15 cmeach varietyin 6 repetitions. Three plots per each variety were covered with light textile cover, and the rest of the plots were left uncovered. Covered plants exhibited faster initial plant height, but in the course of intensive growth, the difference was reduced. Temperature and humidity were measured during the entire course of the experiment. Winter was warmer than the long-term average, but February was colder than average. Nevertheless, no signs of cold-damage were detected on broad bean plants. 100 % germination rate was only detected in one plot sown with \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27 seeds, but the plants from this plot also exhibited the lowest average plant height. The yield of \u27Aguadulce Supersimonia\u27 variety at milk-wax maturity was comparable among covered (80.4 kg/100 m2 plots) and uncovered plots (82.3 kg/100 m2) However, \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27 variety produced up to 25 kg more crop per 100 m2 if the plots were covered with textile. \u27Aguadulce Supersimonia\u27 dry seeds yield was for 1.1 kg per 100 m2 higher for the covered plots compared to uncovered plots. Higher differences in dry seeds yield were detected in \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27 variety, which produced 26.8 kg more crop per 100 m2 in covered plots
Effects of cutting tops on harvest time of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)
Full text linkDanašnji časi kličejo po čim večji količini pridelka in čim krajši rastni dobi, zato smo želeli preveriti, če z vršičkanjem boba res dosežemo krajšo rastno dobo in kako sam ukrep vpliva na kakovost in količino pridelka. Poskus smo postavili 8. 11. 2018 v neogrevanem rastlinjaku Laboratorijskega polja Oddelka za agronomijo Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani. Površino smo razdelili na 12 enakih parcel in na njih posejali dve sorti boba \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27 in \u27Aguadulce Supersimonia\u27. Na posamezno parcelo smo posejali 30 semen na razdalji 15 x 20 cm. Na polovici parcele posamezne sorte smo ratsline vršičkali, na drugi polovici smo rastline pustili nevršičkane. Dve vrstici na posamezni parceli smo določili za pobiranje zrnja v voščeni zrelosti, preostale tri pa smo pustili za končno pobiranje suhega zrnja. Voščeno zrnje smo pobirali trikrat: 14. 5. 2019, 30. 5. 2019 in 12. 6. 2019, suho zrnje smo pobrali 2. 7. 2019. Pri pobiranju smo najprej pobrali stroke ter jih prešteli ter stehtali, zatem smo jih oluščili, stehtali maso zrn in jih tudi prešteli. Pri obeh vrstah pri obiranju v suhi ter voščeni zrelosti so bili boljši rezultati pri nevršičkanih rastlinah. Rezultati vršičkanih rastlin pri voščeni zrelosti so: masa strokov: 5691 g, število strokov: 266, število zrn: 867, masa zrn: 1673 g. Rezultati na nevršičkanih rastlinah pri voščeni zrelosti pa so: masa strokov: 7375 g, število strokov: 350, število zrn: 1134, masa zrn: 2081 g.Today\u27s times call for as much crop yield and as short a growing season as possible, so we wanted to see if the tip of the bean really achieves a shorter growing season and how the measure itself affects the quality and quantity of the crop. The experiment was set on November 8, 2018 in the unheated greenhouse of the laboratory field of the Department of Agronomy at the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana. The area was divided into 12 equal plots and sown on two varieties of faba beans \u27Dreifach Weiße\u27 and \u27Aguadulce Supersimonia\u27. 30 seeds were sown on a single plot at a distance of 15 x 20 cm. Half of the plot of each variety was patchy and half was left unpaved. Two rows in each plot were designated for harvesting at waxy maturity, and the remaining three were left for final dry grain harvesting. We harvested the wax grains three times: 14.5.2019, 30.5.2019 and 12.6.2019, while the dry grains were picked on 2.7.2019. When harvesting, we first picked the pods and weighed them, weighed them, then we shelled them, weighed the mass of grains and also counted them. In both species, when harvested in dry and waxy maturity, better results were achieved with bud removed plants. Waxy maturity-tip: weight of branches: 5691 g, number of branches: 266, number of grains: 867, weight of grains: 1673 g. Waxy maturity with no bud removed: weight of experts: 7375 g, number of experts: 350, number of grains: 1134, weight of grains: 2081 g
The influence of biostimulants based on brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum L.) on the quantity and quality of yield in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Full text linkPoskus smo zastavili z namenom ugotavljanja smotrnosti uporabe biostimulantov na osnovi rjavih morskih alg (Ascophyllum nodosum L.) pri navadni kumari (Cucumis sativus L.). Glavni namen je bil spremljanje količine pridelka in ovrednotenje izbranih morfoloških lastnosti plodov, ki označujejo kakovost ploda. V poskus smo vključili 2 komercialna pripravka, Phylgreen® in Fitostim® Alga. Izbrali smo hibrid solatne kumare \u27Lisboa F1\u27. Poskus smo izvedli v rastlinjaku Hortikulturnega centra Biotehniške fakultete v Orehovljah. Zasnovan je bil v treh blokih: kontrola, uporaba pripravka Phylgreen® in uporaba pripravka Fitostim® Alga. Tretirali smo z 0,3 % koncentracijo biostimulantov v 7-dnevnem intervalu do polnega cvetenja in nato v 10-dnevnem intervalu do konca trajanja poskusa. Vsak blok je imel 3 ponovitve. Poskus smo zastavili 5. aprila 2018 in je trajal 116 dni. Tehnološko zrele plodove smo 2- do 3-krat tedensko obirali ter ovrednotili po veljavnih kakovostnih standardih za solatne kumare. Ugotovili smo, da so imele rastline, ki so bile tretirane s pripravkoma Phylgreen® in Fitostim® Alga, za 13,50 % oz. 14,35 % manjši pridelek kot kontrolne rastline, kjer smo dosegli pridelek 206.825 kg/ha. Ne glede na vrsto tretiranja smo v vseh blokih imeli 93,1 % ekstra kakovostnih plodov in zgolj 1,61 % netržnih plodov. Prav tako se plodovi med obravnavanji niso razlikovali v nobeni izmed izbranih morfoloških lastnosti ploda, obarvanosti, vsebnost skupnih topnih snovi, premer perikarpa in mezokarpa, trdoti ploda in vsebnosti suhe snovi.We set the experiment with the intention to determine the relevance of using biostimulants based on brown seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum L.) in growing cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.). The main purpose was to monitor the quantity of the yield and evaluate the selected morphological characteristics of the fruit, which determine its quality. The experiment included 2 commercial mixtures Phylgreen® and Fitostim® Alga. We chose a hybrid of the salad cucumber \u27Lisboa F1\u27. The experiment took place in the greenhouse of the Horticultural centre of the Biotechnical Faculty in Orehovlje. It was planned in three blocks: control, use of the mixture Phylgreen® and use of the mixture Fitostim® Alga. We treated the plants with a 0.3% concentration of biostimulants in an interval of 7 days until fool flowering and then in an interval of 10 days until the end of the experiment. Each block had 3 repetitions. The experiment was set on April 5th 2018 and lasted 116 days. The technologically mature fruit was picked 2-3 times a week and evaluated according to the quality standards for salad cucumbers. We found that plants, which have been treated with the mixtures Phylgreen® and Fitostim® Alga, had a smaller field by 13.50% or 14.35% than the controll plants, where we managed to get a yield of 206.825 kg/ha. Regardless of the treatment type, all of the blocks produced 93.1% of extra quality fruits and only 1.61% of non-marketable fruits. At the same time, the examinations of fruits did not detect changes in any of the selected morphological characteristics of fruits
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Content and synthesis of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and other low molecular weight tannins in plant organs of different fruit species
Full text linkV okviru disertacije smo preučili učinkovitost različnih metod ekstrakcije spojin iz skupine taninov, spremembe proantocianidinov in ostalih fenolnih spojin med dozorevanjem sadja, ter spremljali določene encime in gene flavonoidne sintezne poti. Določili smo vsebnost taninov v različnih organih sadnih vrst in sicer v listih, plodovih in semenih jablane, nešplje, kakija, kutine, leske in oreha. Fenolne spojine smo določali s tekočinsko kromatografijo visoke ločljivosti z masnim spektrometrom (HPLC-MS). Analizo aktivnosti encimov smo določili s pomočjo radiografskega skeniranja TLC in ekspresijo genov z metodo RT-qPCR. Ugotovili smo, da se proantocianidini iz listov kutine bolje ekstrahirajo pri višjih temperaturah. Primerjali smo učinkovitost topil za ekstrakcijo proantocianidinov iz trpkih in umedenih plodov nešplje in ugotovili, da sta optimalni topili 100 % aceton in 100 % metanol, vendar je bila njuna učinkovitost močno odvisna od zrelosti in vrste tkiva v plodu. Preučevali smo spremembe v vsebnosti taninov med medenjem dveh sort kakija v različnih razmerah. Pri medenju v modificiranih atmosferah smo potrdili možnost polimerizacije in/ali interakcije proantocianidinov s snovmi iz celične stene. V testi jedrca oreha se je vsebnost fenolnih spojin med dozorevanjem povečevala, v jedrcu brez teste pa zmanjševala. Preučevali smo tudi sintezno pot proantocianidinov pri sorti oreha z rdeče obarvano testo. Med proantocianidini in antocianidini v flavonoidni sintezni poti nismo potrdili kompeticije za iste substrate. Višja vsebnost fenolnih spojin v rdeče obarvani testi oreha je posledica močneje izražene aktivnosti encima PAL in intenzivnejše ekspresije genov PAL in ANS.In the doctoral dissertation we have studied the efficiency of various extraction methods in the extraction of tannins. Additionally, we have studied changes and synthesis of proanthocyanidins and other phenolic compounds during fruit ripening. The content of tannins was measured in different plant parts: leaves, fruits and seeds and in various fruit species: apples, medlar, persimmon, quince, hazelnut and walnut. The studies encompassed analyses of phenolic compounds using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Enzymatic activity was analyzed by using radiographic TLC scan and relative gene expression was determined with RT-qPCR method. Our results have shown optimized proanthocyanidin extraction from quince leaves at higher temperatures. In firm and mellow medlar fruit, optimal extraction was achieved with 100% acetone and 100% methanol, but the efficiency of solvent was highly dependent on the ripening stage and tissue type. We have studied the changes in tannin content in two cultivars of persimmon during ripening in various conditions. We have confirmed the possibility of polymerization and/or interaction of proanthocyanidins with compounds from the cell wall during ripening of persimmon. The accumulation of phenolic compounds was detected in walnut pellicle during fruit ripening. However, the content of phenolic compounds decreased in walnut kernel. Proanthocyanidin synthesis pathway was studied in a red-pellicle walnut and no competition for substrates in synthesis of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins was detected. High content of phenolic compounds in the pellicle of red walnut fruit is the result of increased activity of PAL enzyme and high expression of PAL and ANS genes
Impact of different autumn dates for planting shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on the quality and quantity of crop
Full text linkPoskus je bil izveden na laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete v Ljubljani, kjer smo od 22. oktobra 2018 do julija 2019 preizkušali možnost sajenja šalotke v jesenskem terminu. Do sedaj uveljavljen način spomladanskega sajenja šalotke je že kar nekaj zadnjih pomladi otežen zaradi ponavljajočih deževnih obdobij v spomladanskem terminu sajenja. Predhodni poskusi so pokazali, da je moč šalotko saditi tudi jeseni, vendar je potrebno preveriti katero okno je najbolj optimalno. V poskus smo vključili dve najbolj razširjeni sorti šalotke pri nas (\u27Red Sun\u27 in \u27Golden Gourmet\u27), ki smo ju sadili v treh različnih jesenskih terminih na prostem (22. oktober, 5. november in 19. november). Preživelost rastlin je bila med sortama precej različna, medtem, ko so razlike med termini sajenja manjše. Število cvetnih stebel je bilo glede na sorto in termin sajenja različno. Število razvitih čebulic na gnezdo se je med sortama in termini razlikovalo in je bilo večje pri sorti \u27Golden Gourmet\u27. Večji pridelek smo dobili pri sorti \u27Red Sun\u27, kjer je največji pridelek znašal 32,1 t/ha. Pri sorti \u27Golden Gourmet\u27 je največji pridelek znašal 19,3 t/ha. Pri sorti \u27Red Sun\u27 je bil večji delež preživelih rastlin pri vseh terminih sajenja kot pri sorti \u27Golden Gourmet\u27, največji je bil tako (83 %) pri 3. terminu sajenja in tudi povprečno skupno število čebulic/parcelo (88,3 %) je bilo največje pri sorti \u27Red Sun\u27 v 2. terminu sajenja. Delež čebulic po velikostnih razredih je bil največji (53 %) v 3. terminu sajenja in v tretjem velikostnem razredu. Pri sorti \u27Golden Gourmet\u27 pa je bil največji delež (69 %) v 3. terminu sajenja in v velikostnem razredu 2, kjer imajo čebulčki premer od 3 do 5 cm.The experiment took place on the laboratory experimental field of Biotehnical Faculty in Ljubljana, where we tested the efficiency of shallots planting in autumn from October 2018 to July 2019. It turned out that the method of planting shallots in spring is not the most effective method for achieving quality yields due to the recurring heavy rainfall during this period. Previous experiments have shown that shallots can be planted in autumn, but as we did not know which is the most optimal planting window at that time of year, we decided to carry out further research. We included the use of two different types of shallots (\u27Red Sun\u27 and \u27Golden Gourmet\u27) planted outdoors in three different autumn dates (on 22 October, 5 November and 19 November). Plant survival was quite different between variets, while differences between planting dates were smaller. The number of flower stalks varied depending on the variety and planting dates. The number of developed bulbs per nest varied between varieties and terms and was higher in the \u27Golden Gourmet\u27 variety. A much higher yiled was obtained with the \u27Red Sun\u27 cultivar (32.1 t/ha). The highest yield of the \u27Golden Gourmet\u27 shallot reached only 19.3 t/ha. In addition, it was shown that the \u27Red Sun\u27 shallot type had a higher proportion of surviving plants at all planting dates than the \u27Golden Gourmet\u27 variety, with the highest (83 %) at the 3rd planting date and also the average total number of bulbs/plot was highest in the \u27Red Sun\u27 variety in the 2nd planting term. The share of bulbs by size classes was the highest (53 %) in the 3rd planting term and third size class, in case of the \u27Golden Gourmet\u27 variety, there was (69 %) in the 3rd planting terms and in size class 2, which means that the bulbs have a minimum diameter of 3 cm and a maximum diameter of 5 cm
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