1,720,971 research outputs found
Hoogwater 2021: Feiten en Duiding
No full textIn juli 2021 zijn grote delen van Limburg getroffen door hevige regenval en overstromingen. Ook delen van België en Duitsland overstroomden met zeer veel schade en verlies aan mensenlevens tot gevolg. Dit betrof een extreme en ongeëvenaarde gebeurtenis met enorme impact. Daarom is naar aanleiding van de overstromingen deze verkenning uitgevoerd om een eerste stap te maken om beschikbare informatie over deze gebeurtenis te verzamelen en analyseren. Het onderzoek is uitgevoerd door een breed consortium (TU Delft, Deltares, HKV Lijn in Water, VU Amsterdam, Universiteit Utrecht, KNMI, WUR, Erasmus MC en Universiteit Twente) in opdracht van het Expertise Netwerk Waterveiligheid (ENW). Een overstroming heeft effect op de hele maatschappij. Daarom zijn niet alleen hydrologische en civieltechnische onderwerpen beschouwd, maar ook de maatschappelijke gevolgen van overstromingen, de crisisrespons en de gezondheidseffecten.Contributors (in alphabetical order): Nathalie Asselman (Deltares), Hermjan Barneveld (HKV / Wageningen UR), Jules Beersma (KNMI), Eline Boelee (Deltares), Wouter Botzen (VU Amsterdam), Eefke Copper (TU Delft), Dim Coumou (KNMI), Karin de Bruijn (Deltares), Anniek de Jong (Deltares), Jurjen de Jong (Deltares), Hans de Moel (VU Amsterdam), Ferdinand Diermanse (Deltares), Astrid Fischer (Evides) , Gert-Jan Geerling (Deltares), Marie-Louise Geurts (WML), Rob Groenland (KNMI), Mark Hegnauer (Deltares), Bas Jonkman (TU Delft), Nicole Jungermann (KNMI), Frans Klijn (Deltares), Andre Koelewijn (Deltares), Matthijs Kok (HKV / TU Delft), Elco Koks (VU Amsterdam), Bas Kolen (HKV / TU Delft), Marion Koopmans (Erasmus MC), Laurens Leunge (Deltares), Hans Middelkoop (Utrecht University), Roelof Moll (TU Delft), Jaap Mos (Dunea), Sjoukje Philip (KNMI), Gerbert Pleijter (HKV), Joost Pol (HKV / TU Delft), Stephan Rikkert (TU Delft), Guus Rongen (TU Delft), Rinus Scheele (KNMI), Julius Schlumberger (TU Delft), Peter Siegmund (KNMI), Kymo Slager (Deltares), Frederiek Sperna Weiland (Deltares), Bart Strijker (HKV / TU Delft), Henk v.d. Brink (KNMI), Janko van Beek (Erasmus MC), Marion van den Bulk (TU Delft), Bart van den Hurk (Deltares), Tim van Emmerik (Wageningen UR), Kees van Ginkel (VU Amsterdam / Deltares), Mick van Haren (TU Delft), Margreet van Marle (Deltares), Malou van Schaijk (TU Delft), Dennis Wagenaar (Nanyang TU), Davide Wüthrich (TU Delft)Hydraulic Structures and Flood RiskSafety and Security ScienceCoastal Engineerin
A framework for climate change adaptation strategies acknowledging transboundary governance complexity: A case study in the Geul basin
No full textOn the 13th and 14th of July 2021 a cold pit caused extreme precipitation along with record discharges in tributaries of the Meuse. These discharges caused floods in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands.Extreme precipitation occurrence and its intensity are expected to increase in the area due to climate change, increasing flood risk. Flood risk is the product of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Research indicates all three are equally important drivers.Planning of adaptation measures has been done with Decision Making in Deep Uncertainty (DMDU) methods to account for deep uncertainty. These methods lack natural and institutional context. Literature suggests both the natural system and the system governing it are complex. Therefore there is a need for a method providing climate change adaptation strategies with regard for the context and the notion that these systems are complex.To address the research gap, a Framework is developed that combines natural and institutional aspects of climate change adaptation. A systems approach is used to find leverage points for wider systemic change. This can be used to spark autonomous adaptation, thereby also targeting exposure and vulnerability. The Framework provides a solution space of possible adaptation combinations and maps of spatial cooperation difficulty. By combining these possible combinations and locations are proposed. Systemic leverage points determine preferential strategies and additional policies. The Framework is tested in a case study in the Geul, Methods used are expert judgment, literature review, social network analysis and using open-source information.The adaptive capacity is roughly 20 millimeters equivalent (6,680,000 m3) upstream of Valkenburg and 23.6 millimeters equivalent (7,882,400 m3) in the city itself. Thousands of combinations are possible. Depending on preference, this number is severely reduced.The network governing flood risk is dense and polycentric. Cooperation quality is likely not sufficient between many actors to implement very intrusive adaptation measures that would be needed according to the solution space. When a certain cooperation is required, Flanders and the Netherlands are central players in the network. Germany and France are isolated in the network, causing the national governments of those nations to hold brokerage positions. Cooperation is the hardest in transboundary subcatchments especially when multiple nations are involved.Depending on the preferences in the network, several adaptation strategies are possible in the Geul. In terms of cooperation difficulty, downstream solutions located in the Netherlands are preferential. Natural solutions would be preferable to harness self-organizational capacities of nature. Strategies that would cause secondary effects by intervening deeper into the systems should be highly visible. In addition, adaptation strategies should be accompanied by policies aimed at restoring the flow of information to citizens, restore or create financial incentives for autonomous adaptation of inhabitants and alter the paradigm of manageability of nature. Delays in planned adaptation response could be shortened by network interventions such as creating a central operational role in the network, implementing binding adaptation goals using the common European legislation or improving regional cooperation.Delta Futures LabCivil Engineerin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Und wenn der Regen woanders gefallen wäre? Das Waterbom-Experiment: Lernen vom Juli-Hochwasser 2021
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