1,720,988 research outputs found
An online study on the impact of socio-economic position and lifestyle factors on auditory function in middle aged adults
No full textHearing loss is frequently accepted as an unavoidable consequence of ageing. However, not everyone will experience age-related hearing loss (ARHL), in fact ~29% of people aged 70+ years are unaffected (Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID), 2020). It may be the case that modifiable lifestyle factors and health inequalities lead to an increased likelihood of hearing loss in older age. Hearing loss is not only a challenging sensory deficit; it is related to reduced wellbeing (Rutherford et al., 2018), social isolation (Dawes et al., 2015), and is the largest modifiable risk factor for dementia (Livingston et al., 2020). In addition, a nationally representative study in England identified hearing loss as a causal factor for depression; the socioeconomic position of participants influenced the strength of the relationship between hearing loss and depression, and poorer people had up to double the relative risk for depression compared to their affluent counterparts (Tsimpida et el., 2022). Understanding the factors, notwithstanding ageing, which contribute to hearing difficulty in later life will highlight avenues for intervention and reduce the burden of hearing loss on both the individual, and the health care system. Previous research highlights that lower socioeconomic position (incorporating education, occupation, and income factors), and lifestyle variables (including body mass index, physical inactivity, smoking and alcohol consumption) are associated with poorer hearing acuity, as strongly as age and gender (Tsimpida et al., 2019). The link between SEP, lifestyle factors, and hearing loss is multifaceted (Tsimpida et al., 2021). SEP factors, including education attainment, occupation, and monetary resources, contribute to social and health inequality (Tsimpida et al., 2021). Such factors increase the likelihood of: high-noise exposure occupations (Pierre et al., 2012); financial barriers to audiological treatments (Tsimpida et al., 2019); stress due to financial resources leading to unhealthy eating; and increased smoking and alcohol consumption (Dawes et al., 2014; Tsimpida et al., 2021). Critically, SEP disparities create situations in which prioritising behaviours for hearing health is not an option for a proportion of the population. This research plans to confirm and build upon previous literature to understand how SEP and lifestyle factors impact on speech perception ability in middle age adults. In undertaking this research, we seek to highlight which, if any, factors affect speech in noise perception ability as a precursor to hearing loss in older age. Identifying the factors which can predict this early indicator of potential hearing loss will allow for early implementation of lifestyle interventions to address risk factors, encourage uptake of hearing aids in lower SEP groups, and ultimately reduce hearing health inequalities. Our research question is: to understand the contribution of socioeconomic position (incorporating level of education, occupation, and income) as well as demographic information (including region of residence, ethnicity), and modifiable health-related lifestyle factors (including body mass index, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption), while controlling for age and gender, on speech perception ability in middle aged adults (45-65 years). To investigate this question, we will recruit participants aged 45-65 years to take part in an online research study wherein they will complete demographic questionnaires on SEP and lifestyle, and a behavioural speech perception in noise task (the digits in noise task (DiN)). We will use multiple linear regression to investigate the impact of our various predictors (SEP, lifestyle factors, age, and gender) on the outcome measure of speech perception. We will use model comparison methods, in which predictor variables are systematically removed from the analysis, to determine which combination of predictors provide the best fit for our data, this indicating which factors contribute to speech perception ability in middle age adults. References Dawes, P., Cruickshanks, K. J., Moore, D. R., Edmondson-Jones, M., McCormack, A., Fortnum, H., & Munro, K. J. (2014). Cigarette smoking, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and hearing loss. JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 15(4). Dawes, P., Emsley, R., Cruickshanks, K. J., Moore, D. R., Fortnum, H., Edmondson-Jones, M., McCormack, A., & Munro, K. J. (2015). Hearing Loss and Cognition: The Role of Hearing Aids, Social Isolation and Depression. PLoS ONE, 10(3). Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Brayne, C., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Cooper, C., Costafreda, S. G., Dias, A., Fox, N., Gitlin, L. N., Howard, R., Kales, H. C., Kivimäki, M., Larson, E. B., Ogunniyi, A., … Mukadam, N. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10248), 413–446. Pierre, P. V., Fridberger, A., Wikman, A., & Alexanderson, K. (2012). Self-reported hearing difficulties, main income sources, and socio-economic status; A cross-sectional population-based study in Sweden. BMC Public Health, 12(1). Royal National Institute for Deaf People (RNID). (2020). Hearing Matters. https://rnid.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Hearing-Matters-Report.pdf Rutherford, B. R., Brewster, K., Golub, J. S., Kim, A. H., & Roose, S. P. (2018). Sensation and Psychiatry: Linking Age-Related Hearing Loss to Late-Life Depression and Cognitive Decline. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(3), 215–224. Tsimpida, D., Kontopantelis, E., Ashcroft, D. M., & Panagioti, M. (2021). Conceptual Model of Hearing Health Inequalities (HHI Model): A Critical Interpretive Synthesis. Trends in Hearing (25). Tsimpida, D., Kontopantelis, E., Ashcroft, D., & Panagioti, M. (2019). Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with hearing loss in older adults: A cross-sectional study of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). BMJ Open, 9(9). Tsimpida, D., Kontopantelis, E., Ashcroft, D. M., & Panagioti, M. (2022). The dynamic relationship between hearing loss, quality of life, socioeconomic position and depression and the impact of hearing aids: answers from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 57(2), 353-362.<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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