1,720,955 research outputs found
Enhanced visual processing for objects in perihand space: Does it matter which hand acts on the object or will any hand do?
Get PDFPeri-hand space is described as the area immediately surrounding a person’s hands. This area has been shown to lead to enhanced visual processing, demonstrated in studies involving a visual search task. The functions of peri-hand space and its neurological development suggest that it evolved to facilitate fine hand movements - this pilot study set out to investigate this. To date, no research using a visual search task has had participants define peri-hand space and act on target objects with the same hand; we hypothesized that this methodology would show greater peri-hand space effects than when defining peri hand space with one hand and acting on the object with another hand. Our results showed that: 1) participants accurately identified significantly more target objects with their non-dominant hand compared to their dominant hand, 2) participants found the target objects significantly faster when the object was graspable compared to ungraspable, 3) when participant’s hands were near the screen they had a significantly longer total fixation duration than when their hand was away from the screen, 4) Participant’s target fixation duration was significantly shorter when using their dominant hand to act on the object compared to their non-dominant hand, and 5) participants fixated on the target for a significantly shorter amount of time when the object was graspable compared to nongraspable. These results partially support our hypothesis. This pilot study pioneered a novel way to study peri-hand space and its effects. In the future, we will collect more participants (n=30) as well as add extra conditions to minimize handedness effects
Enhanced visual processing for objects in perihand space: Does it matter which hand acts on the object or will any hand do?
Get PDFPeri-hand space is described as the area immediately surrounding a person’s hands. This area has been shown to lead to enhanced visual processing, demonstrated in studies involving a visual search task. The functions of peri-hand space and its neurological development suggest that it evolved to facilitate fine hand movements - this pilot study set out to investigate this. To date, no research using a visual search task has had participants define peri-hand space and act on target objects with the same hand; we hypothesized that this methodology would show greater peri-hand space effects than when defining peri hand space with one hand and acting on the object with another hand. Our results showed that: 1) participants accurately identified significantly more target objects with their non-dominant hand compared to their dominant hand, 2) participants found the target objects significantly faster when the object was graspable compared to ungraspable, 3) when participant’s hands were near the screen they had a significantly longer total fixation duration than when their hand was away from the screen, 4) Participant’s target fixation duration was significantly shorter when using their dominant hand to act on the object compared to their non-dominant hand, and 5) participants fixated on the target for a significantly shorter amount of time when the object was graspable compared to nongraspable. These results partially support our hypothesis. This pilot study pioneered a novel way to study peri-hand space and its effects. In the future, we will collect more participants (n=30) as well as add extra conditions to minimize handedness effects
Enhanced Visual Processing for Objects in Peri-hand Space: Does it Matter Which Hand Acts on the Object or Will Any Hand Do?
No full textVisual information near the hands may be processed differently, leading to enhanced visual attention, object recognition, and working memory for objects located within peri-hand space. It has been proposed that peri-hand space may have evolved to facilitate visually guided hand movements such as reaching and grasping for an object near the hands. While it is well known that the intention to act activates sensorimotor brain regions responsible for generating the action, it is not known whether the intention to act on an object near the hands might also potentiate visual processing of objects in peri-hand space. To test this, undergraduate students (n= 30) wore an eye tracker and completed a visual search task. Participants either rested their dominant hand near the screen and used the same hand to act on the target object, placed their dominant hand near the screen and used their opposite hand to act on the object, or placed both of their hands in their lap and acted on the target object with their dominant hand—all three conditions were repeated using the participant’s non-dominant hand to control for handedness confounds. The eyetracker and visual search software recorded three dependent variables: accuracy, visual search time, and target fixation duration. We predict that peri-hand space effects will be enhanced when the participant intends to act on the object with the hand that is nearest to it. This would provide preliminary behavioural support for the idea that peri-hand space may have evolved to facilitate visually-guided hand movements
A Comparison of Online Gamblers, Offline Gamblers, and Mixed Mode Gamblers on Gambling and Substance Use
No full textThe rise in online gambling has led to greater research focus being directed toward the relationship between gambling modality and gambling behaviour. Such attention is warranted, given the significant increase in people turning to online gambling. It is currently known that mixed-mode gamblers (i.e., those who gamble online and offline) demonstrate the highest rate of disordered gambling and gambling frequency. Alcohol use has also been shown to be higher in mixed-mode gamblers, which presents a concern given the effects of alcohol on gambling behaviour. Further, mental health concerns have been shown to differ across gambling modalities. While research has begun to investigate gambling modality, more studies are required to better understand the relationship between gambling modality, substance use, and gambling behaviour. The present study explored the relationship between gambling modality, gambling behaviour, and substance use outcomes in greater depth. Specifically, 303 online, mixed-mode, and offline gamblers were surveyed on patterns of substance use, mental health concerns, and gambling severity, behaviour, and motives. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to investigate the role of COVID-19 in self-reported migration to online gambling. It was found that mixed-mode and online gambling are associated with greater gambling severity, frequency, and substance use. Further, scores on a gambling motives questionnaire were found to differ across gambling modality. Finally, results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic influenced gambling behaviour, such that many participants self-reported migrating to online gambling. Overall, the results of this study suggest that a relationship exists between gambling modality, substance use, and gambling behaviour
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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