1,720,968 research outputs found
State authenticity in everyday life
No full textWe examined the components and situational correlates of state authenticity to clarify the construct’s meaning and improve understanding of authenticity’s attainment. In Study 1 we used the day reconstruction method (participants assessed real-life episodes from "yesterday") and in Study 2 a smartphone app (participants assessed real-life moments taking place "just now") to obtain situation-level ratings of participants’ sense of living authentically, self-alienation, acceptance of external influence, mood, anxiety, energy, ideal-self overlap, self-consciousness, self-esteem, flow, needs satisfaction, and motivation to be “real.” Both studies demonstrated that state authentic living does not require rejecting external influence and, further, accepting external influence is not necessarily associated with state self-alienation. In fact, situational acceptance of external influence was more often related to an increased, rather than decreased, sense of authenticity. Both studies also found state authentic living to be associated with greater, and state self-alienation with lesser: positive mood, energy, relaxation, ideal-self overlap, self-esteem, flow, and motivation for realness. Study 2 further revealed that situations prioritizing satisfaction of meaning/purpose in life were associated with increased authentic living and situations prioritizing pleasure/interest satisfaction were associated with decreased self-alienation. State authenticity is best characterized by two related yet independent components: authentic living and (absence of) self-alienation
State authenticity
No full textState authenticity is the sense that one is currently in alignment with one’s true or real self. We discuss state authenticity as seen by independent raters, describe its phenomenology, outline its triggers, consider its well-being and behavioral implications, and sketch out a cross-disciplinary research agenda
How Does “Being Real” Feel? The Experience of State Authenticity
Full text linkObjectiveWe propose that the experience of state authenticity—the subjective sense of being one's true self—ought to be considered separately from trait authenticity as well as from prescriptions regarding what should make people feel authentic.MethodsIn Study 1 (N = 104), online participants rated the frequency of and motivation for experiences of authenticity and inauthenticity. Studies 2 (N = 268) and 3 (N = 93) asked (local or online, respectively) participants to describe their experiences of authenticity or inauthenticity. Participants in Studies 1 and 2 also completed measures of trait authenticity, and participants in Study 3 rated their experience with respect to several phenomenological dimensions.ResultsStudy 1 demonstrated that people are motivated to experience state authenticity and avoid inauthenticity and that such experiences are common, regardless of one's degree of trait authenticity. Coding of Study 2's narratives identified the emotions accompanying and needs fulfilled in each state. Trait authenticity generally did not qualify the nature of (in)authentic experiences. Study 3 corroborated the results of Study 2 and further revealed positive mood and nostalgia as consequences of reflecting on experiences of authenticity.ConclusionsWe discuss implications of these findings for conceptualizations of authenticity and the self
I feel good, therefore I am real: Testing the causal influence of mood on state authenticity
Full text linkAlthough the literature has focused on individual differences in authenticity, recent findings suggest that authenticity is sensitive to context; that is, it is also a state. We extended this perspective by examining whether incidental affect influences authenticity. In three experiments, participants felt more authentic when in a relatively positive than negative mood. The causal role of affect in authenticity was consistent across a diverse set of mood inductions, including explicit (Experiments 1 and 3) and implicit (Experiment 2) methods. The link between incidental affect and state authenticity was not moderated by ability to down-regulate negative affect (Experiments 1 and 3) nor was it explained by negative mood increasing private self-consciousness or decreasing access to the self system (Experiment 3). The results indicate that mood is used as information to assess one's sense of authenticity
Suppressing the Self: Emotion Regulation and its Effect on State Authenticity
No full textAuthenticity has recently been identified as a state as well as a stable trait, with state authenticity dependent on the demands of the situation. Certain situations cause individuals to feel less authentic, namely situations where behaviour is unnatural. We looked at the process of self-regulation and its effect on state authenticity. Self-regulation involves controlling and inhibiting behaviour and this type of behaviour may be defined by situational factors. This effect was examined using an emotion regulation paradigm with participants aged 18 – 36. The present study found that emotion regulation did cause participants to feel a reduced sense of authenticity. Discussion focuses on the implications for regular suppression of emotions, and on the indirect effect of emotion regulation on the levels of healthy psychological functioning associated with authentic behaviour
The Ideal Self and State Authenticity
Full text linkThe current study investigated the effect of priming people with alignment or distance to ideal self attributes on their feelings of authenticity. The effect of priming participants with self-irrelevant alignment or distance to ideal attributes was also explored, to test whether these manipulations might respectively increase or lower state authenticity, or whether state authenticity would only be affected by self-relevant priming. As expected, discrepant conditions were associated with lower state authenticity than non-discrepant conditions. Participants primed with self-relevant alignment to ideal self attributes felt more authentic than participants in any other condition, a relationship which was partially mediated by negative affect. Contrary to expectations, participants in the self-relevant discrepant condition experienced more authenticity, on average, than participants in the self-irrelevant discrepant condition, but the positive main effect of self-relevancy on state authenticity became non-significant once individual differences were added as covariates, while the interaction between self-relevancy and discrepancy became significant. The study is consistent with the idea that we feel more like our real selves when we feel more like our ideal selves
Effects of Helping on State Authenticity Versus Recalled Authenticity
Full text linkThis study focuses on the under-researched subject of “state authenticity”, the experience of expressing one’s true self. The 2 major hypotheses of the causes of state authenticity are tested: behavioural content versus consistency with personal traits. Investigations examine the proposal that behaviour expressing values, specifically “helping others” increases state authenticity, regardless of an individual’s own helpfulness-traits. Using a web-based survey, 238 participants were randomly assigned to a helping or non-helping condition and immediately thereafter reported their state authenticity. To test the possibility that reports of state authenticity are affected by timing, 2 weeks later participants retrospectively reported their previous authenticity. Contrary to expectations, no significant differences were found between helpers’ and non-helpers’ state authenticity at the time of the helping. However, both conditions reported increased recalled authenticity, with helpers reporting greater increases than non-helpers for the recalled true self and authentic living. Helpers’ increased authenticity was associated with behavioural content rather than traits. Discussions cover the possibility of classes of authenticity with differing needs for reflection, while the relevance of behavioural content to authenticity is considered in terms of adaptive functionality. Alternative interpretations cannot be ruled out and suggestions for future work are included
The Effects of Self-Regulation on State Authenticity
No full textSelf-regulation was tested for its direct and indirect effects on state authenticity. A between-subjects online study was conducted, whereby participants were asked to write a paragraph describing their morning routine within either a free-writing condition (low self-regulation) or without using the letters ‘a’ or ‘n’ (high self-regulation). State authenticity was subsequently assessed alongside potential mediators of self-esteem, positive and negative affect, public and private self-consciousness and autonomy. Trait authenticity and trait self-regulation were also assessed as potential moderators. The results indicated that self-regulation depleted levels of state authenticity, regardless of trait differences in authenticity or self-regulation. Mediational analysis did not elucidate the route of effect, however, in light of Deci & Ryan (1985) research, participants may not have internalized the goal of the task, which may have affected the indirect effect via the supposed mediators. The interaction between task success and self-esteem is also investigated. Overall, the data supports a dualistic conception of authenticity as having both state and trait indices (Fleeson & Wilt, 2010) and also supports previous research suggesting that consciously monitoring and regulating behaviour depletes one’s feelings of being ‘real’ (Hoshschild, 1983; Lenton, Bruder, et al. 2011), however explanatory routes require further exploration
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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