9 research outputs found
Changes in antinutrients, phenolics, antioxidant activities and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in pumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata) during different domestic cooking methods
No full textPumpkin leaves (Cucurbita moschata) were subjected to different household cooking methods (boiling, microwaving, steaming, and stir-frying) to evaluate their effect on antinutrients, phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties (ABTS, and DPPH) and in vitro α-glucosidase activity. All cooking methods studied significantly reduced the antinutrients and antioxidant activities, whilst phenolic compounds p-coumaric and ferulic acids significantly increased. The cooking methods reduced the oxalates by more than 50%, tannins by 47% and phytates by 79.22%. Steaming and boiling resulted in highest concentrations of p-coumaric (195.40 mg kg(−1)) and ferulic acids (103.90 mg kg(−1)) compared to other methods. Overall, boiled leaves retained the highest total phenolic compounds, whilst steamed leaves retained the highest antioxidant capacity. Raw pumpkin leaf extracts showed higher in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory effects than the cooked leaves. Thus, cooking affected the inhibitory effect of in vitro α-glucosidase activity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-021-00916-w
The Natural Mother: Motherhood, Patriarchy, and Power in Seventeenth-Century England
No full textabstract: This dissertation explores the relationship between motherhood and power in seventeenth-century England. While historians have traditionally researched the role of mothers within the family unit, this study explores the more public and discursive roles of motherhood. It argues that the various threads of discourse surrounding maternity betray a common desire to circumscribe and condemn maternal authority, as this authority was threatening to masculinity and patriarchal rule. It finds that maternity was frequently cited as harmful and dangerous; household conduct books condemned the passionate and irrational nature of maternal love and its deleterious effects upon both mother and child. Furthermore, various images of ‘unnatural motherhood’ reveal larger concerns over social disorder. Sensationalistic infanticide and monstrous birth stories in cheap print display contemporary fears of lascivious, scolding, and unregulated women who were subversive to patriarchal authority and thus threatened the social status quo. The female reproductive body similarly threatened masculinity; an analysis of midwifery manuals show that contemporary authors had to reconcile women’s reproductive power with what they believed to be an inferior corporeal body. This study ends with a discussion of the representation of mothers in published funeral sermons as these mothers were textually crafted to serve as examples of ‘good mothering,’ offering a striking comparison to the ‘unnatural mothers’ presented in other sources. Motherhood in seventeenth-century England, then, involved a great deal more than the relationship between mother and child. It was a cultural site in which power was contested, and a site in which authors expressed anxiety over the irrational female mind and the unregulated, sexual female body.Dissertation/ThesisDoctoral Dissertation History 201
American Medievalism: Medieval Reenactment as Historical Interpretation in the United States
No full textabstract: This thesis will examine how the Middle Ages are historically interpreted and portrayed in the United States. In order to keep this study within reasonable bounds, the research will exclude films, television, novels, and other forms of media that rely on the Pre-Modern period of European history for entertainment purposes. This thesis will narrow its focus on museums, non-profit organizations, and other institutions, examining their methods of research and interpretation, the levels of historical accuracy or authenticity they hold themselves to, and their levels of success. This thesis ultimately hopes to prove that the medieval period offers the same level of public interest as popular periods of American history.
This focus on reenactment serves to illustrate the need for an American audience to form a simulated connection to a historical period for which they inherently lack geographic or cultural memory. The utilization of hyperreality as described by Umberto Eco lends itself readily to this historic period, and plays to the American desire for total mimetic immersion and escapism. After examining the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s exhibition of medieval history as high art and culture, the thesis focuses on historical reenactment, as it offers a greater level of visitor interaction, first by analyzing R.G. Collingwood’s definition of “reenactment” and it’s relation to the modern application in order to establish it as a veritable academic practice.
The focus of the thesis then turns to the historical interpretation/reenactment program identified here as historical performance, which uses trained actors in controlled museum conditions to present historically accurate demonstrations meant to bring the artifacts on display to simulated life. Beginning with the template first established by the Royal Armories Museum in the United Kingdom, a comparative study utilizing research and interviews highlights the interpretative methods of the Frazier History Museum, and those of the Higgins Armory Museum. By comparing both museum’s methods, a possible template for successfully educating the American public about the European Middle Ages; while a closer examination of the Frazier Museum’s survival compared to the Higgins Armory’s termination may illustrate what future institutions must do or avoid to thrive.Dissertation/ThesisMasters Thesis History 201
Translating men : humanism and masculinity in Renaissance renditions of patristic texts
No full textPhDThis doctoral thesis focusses upon the translation of patristic works into English in
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Considering the pragmatic usage of texts in humanist
culture, this research project explores the mobilisation of vernacular versions of the Church
Fathers in response to historical crises. Regarding Renaissance humanism as a gendered
intellectual methodology,I have investigated the way in which these texts particularly aim to
address the needs of men, offering them exemplars to 'cope' with their social circumstances.
The first chapter involves the analysis of Thomas Drant's rendition of Gregory of
Nazianzus' Epigrams (1568) as part of the struggles of the early Elizabethan era. I suggest
that this verse translation may possibly have played a supportive role for Protestant clerics
facing a loss of humanist confidence due to educational deficiencies and the conflict of
learning with the Catholic Louvainist scholars.
The second chapter examines John Healey's version of Augustine's City of God
(1610) in the context of the colonisation of Virginia. I propose that the Augustinian text - and
the included commentary by Vives - may have represented a 'handbook' for the
predominantly male community of planters confronted by (among other problems) the severe
difficulty of establishing a household and fathering the next generation.
The third chapter looks at Tobie Matthew's translation of Augustine's Confessions
(1620) as an aid for Catholic Englishmen in an age of religious persecution. I contend that
this text advertises and advances a passive / feminine form of manhood - which had been
initially propagated by late sixteenth-century recusant ideology - in order to offer succour to
its socially debilitated male readers.
By undertaking an examination of these previously neglected texts, this thesis has
attempted to expand the understanding of Renaissance humanist translation, as well as to
offer a unique insight into the history of gender
The eschatology of Margaret Fell (1614-1702) and its place in her theology and ministry
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Mapping the evidence of the effects of environmental factors on the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in the non-built environment
No full textBackground:
Antibiotic resistance increasingly threatens the interconnected health of humans, animals, and the environment. While misuse of antibiotics is a known driver, environmental factors also play a critical role. A balanced One Health approach—including the environmental sector—is necessary to understand the emergence and spread of resistance.
Methods:
We systematically searched English-language literature (1990–2021) in MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science, plus grey literature. Titles, abstracts, and keywords were screened, followed by full-text reviews using a structured codebook and dual-reviewer assessments.
Results:
Of 13,667 records screened, 738 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies focused on freshwater and terrestrial environments, particularly associated with wastewater or manure sources. Evidence of research has predominantly focused on Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp., with a concentration on ARGs conferring resistance to sulphonamides (sul1–3), tetracyclines (tet), and beta-lactams. Additionally, the People’s Republic of China has produced a third of the studies—twice that of the next country, the United States—and research was largely domestic, with closely linked author networks.
Conclusion:
Significant evidence gaps persist in understanding antibiotic resistance in non-built environments, particularly in marine, atmospheric, and non-agricultural settings. Stressors such as climate change and microplastics remain notably under-explored. There is also an urgent need for more research in low-income regions, which face higher risks of antibiotic resistance, to support the development of targeted, evidence-based interventions
Reforming nationhood : England in the literature of the Tudor imperial age, 1509-1553
No full textThe thesis explores the relationship between empire and nationhood in the literature of the Royal Supremacy. In so doing, it contests the assumptions of the social historians Michel Foucault, Benedict Anderson, Jürgen Habermas, and Ernest Gellner - all of whom have dated the dawn of the nation-event on our Western political horizons from the end of the eighteenth century. The thesis invites important outcomes for our perception of early Tudor political culture, and for our wider appreciation of the origins of English national identity. It differentiates the Habsburg imperial idea from the Tudor ideology of empire inherited by Henry VIII upon his accession in 1509. It then distinguishes both these imperial ideologies from Henry's pretensions, as enshrined in the 1533 Appeals Act, to
empire in the English Church. Despite these differences between the Habsburg and Tudor ideologies of empire, each received identical expression in propaganda that identified both England and the Holy Roman Empire with Virgil's Golden Age. The first two chapters explore the Golden Age motif in pageantry produced for the joint London Entry of Henry
VIII and Charles V (1522), and for the Entry of Anne Boleyn in 1533. Chapter Two concludes that the function of the 1533 Entry as propaganda for the Royal Supremacy was
undermined by the similarities between its stagecraft and that of the 1522 Entry
Ritual and Narrative in the Contemporary Anglican Wedding
No full textContemporary wedding ritual is a little-explored area of both the Christian theology and the English social reality of marriage. As persistently important rituals in contemporary England, weddings are of great interest in any attempt to describe and account for the place of ritual in contemporary life. As events which are simultaneously acts of Christian worship, efficacious legal ceremonies and popular cultural rites, Anglican weddings bring into focus numerous issues about the inter-relation of social and religious institutions and experiences, theological responses to contemporary culture, material culture and the defining and mapping of personal relationships.
The central part of the research consists of a close, empirical study of weddings in the Church of England. This includes semi-structured interviews with marrying couples and officiating clergy, and observation of weddings and wedding rehearsals. This research was conducted within one deanery in West Yorkshire in 2006 and 2007.
Theories of ritual, including rites of passage, and of performance are critically employed to examine the structure and function of wedding ritual, and the way in which specifically Christian ritual is incorporated into and informs a more complex ritual whole. Narrative, an increasingly important interpretative concept in both theology and the social sciences, is also employed as an analytical tool to examine both the way individuals make sense of their own experiences and actions. In addition to a detailed account of contemporary practice, weddings are shown to offer important insights into pastoral and liturgical practice and the ministerial identity of clergy. Moreover, weddings are revealed as vital events in contemporary social life, consolidating and displaying the socially embedded identity of marrying couples
Artes de canto (1492-1626) y mujeres en la cultura musical del mundo ibérico renacentista
No full text[spa] Esta Tesis Doctoral explora la cultura musical del mundo ibérico renacentista a través del estudio de artes de canto en lengua vernácula impresas entre 1492 y 1626 y de su relación con las mujeres de la época. La Tesis consta de siete capítulos, estructurados en dos partes (Vol. I), y de veinte apéndices (Vol. II). La primera parte (Capítulos I al IV) muestra que las características por las que estos libros que contenían los rudimentos de la música han sido infravalorados hasta ahora por la historiografía musical son precisamente las mismas que demuestran que respondían a una necesidad pedagógica y a la demanda de manuales asequibles, breves y prácticos por parte de un amplio mercado. Las artes de canto se imprimieron en tiradas de miles de ejemplares y eran vendidas a bajo precio, tuvieron una enorme circulación en la Península Ibérica y el Nuevo Mundo, y contribuyeron al incremento y la difusión de la educación musical en contextos educativos diferenciados (la iglesia, la universidad y el ámbito privado), así como entre grupos sociales hasta entonces excluidos del aprendizaje de los fundamentos de la música. El Arte de canto llano (Sevilla, 1530) de Juan Martínez emerge como el tratado de música del mundo hispánico más difundido geográfica y cronológicamente en el siglo XVI e inicios del XVII, pero del que casi nada se sabía. En la segunda parte (Capítulos V al VII), las conexiones entre estos libros de música y mujeres muestran que las áreas de superposición entre lo privado y lo público y entre lo oral y lo escrito permiten desafiar la invisibilidad de las mujeres en documentos históricos y vislumbrar trazas no sólo de la cultura musical de las mujeres de la época, sino también de la importancia de la música en la vida cotidiana. Se utiliza una diversidad de fuentes (artes de canto, libros de conducta, documentos inquisitoriales, literatura, correspondencia e inventarios de bienes, entre otras), a través de las cuales se ha podido documentar la relación con la música de, entre otras, Catalina de Zúñiga, VI Condesa de Lemos, Isabel de Plazaola, e Isabel de Aragón, IV Duquesa del Infantado. Empleando metodologías de la musicología tradicional junto a otras tomadas de los historiadores del libro y de la cultura popular, esta Tesis Doctoral presenta una panorámica de la vida musical de la época a través del prisma de doble alteridad que supone el estudio de las artes de canto, generalmente consideradas carentes de interés, y de su relación con las mujeres, insuficientemente representadas en la historiografía musical.[eng] This dissertation explores the musical culture of the Renaissance Iberian world through both the study of small-format treatises in the vernacular containing the rudiments of music –known as artes de canto– printed between 1492 and 1626, and the nexuses between them and women. The dissertation consists of seven chapters, structured into two parts (Volume I), and twenty appendixes (Volume II). Part I (Chapters I to IV) shows that the arte de canto, until now generally overlooked or undervalued in music historiography, was produced in print runs of thousands of copies and sold for a low price; it had a broad circulation in the Iberian Peninsula and the New World, contributing to the spread of musical literacy in distinct didactic contexts (churches, universities, private settings) and among social groups until then excluded from learning the rudiments of music. The little known Juan Martínez’s Arte de canto llano (Seville, 1530) emerges as the most circulated music book in the Hispanic world during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The aim of Part II (Chapters V to VII) is to approach the musical life of the sixteenth-century Iberian world through the exploration of women’s contributions, thus broadening the field of historical research. The study of some connections between music books and women shows that the points of overlap between the private and the public spheres, on the one hand, and the written and the oral music transmission, on the other hand, not only make women’s musical practices visible, but also offer new vistas on the popular culture of the age. Through a variety of source materials (artes de canto, conduct manuals, Inquisition records, literature, letters and inventories of goods, among others) it has been possible to document the musical activities of women such as Catalina de Zúñiga, VI Countess of Lemos, Isabel de Plazaola, and Isabel de Aragón, IV Duchess of the Infantado. Combining methodologies from traditional musicology with those borrowed from book history and popular culture, this dissertation analyzes music in the culture of the Renaissance Iberian world through the prism of double Otherness involved in studying the ‘other’ music books –that is the undervalued artes de canto– and their connections to women of that period
