204 research outputs found
The Efficiency of Fractional Anisotropy, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, and Contrast Enhancement Index in Liver Fibrosis Staging
No full textOBJECTIVES: Even though magnetic resonance imaging has been described as the most effective imaging method for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, an accepted magnetic resonance ımaging (MRI) technique is yet to be defined. The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of MRI in the staging of liver fibrosis. METHODS: Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection and had upper abdominal MRI with hepatocyte specific contrast agent were evaluated. Twenty-nine patients that had undergone liver biopsy were included in the study. ADC, FA, and signal intensity values of liver parenchyma were measured by two observers and contrast enhancement index (CEI) was calculated as well. Patients were grouped as early (A) and late fibrosis(B) according to Ishak grading system and then the correlations between the stage and MRI findings were analysed. The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to analyze the inter-rater agreements. ADC, FA, and CEI were compared with Student t-test between early and late fibrosis groups. Pearson’s correlation was used to assess the correlation between ADC and FA values. Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between pathologic fibrosis grade and MRI parameters that were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients were staged as 1 and 2 (group A), seven patients were staged as 3 and above fibrosis(group B). Statistically, there was a strong, negative correlation between the FA values and the degree of fibrosis (r=−0.582, p=0.001). There was no correlation between the CEI and hepatocyte activity index (r=−0.88, p=0.655) and degree of fibrosis (r=0.0001, p=0.997). In terms of FA values, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups (group A=0.429 ± 0.06, group B=0.349 ± 0.06) (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: Correlation of FA values with fibrosis stage and significant difference in FA values between early-late stage fibrosis patients shows that diffusion tensor imaging can be a promising technique in the staging and follow-up of liver fibrosis
Using hydraulic oscillator of Banu Musa for teaching relaxation oscillation
No full textOne of the introductory examples of scientific books and articles on relaxation oscillations is description of a tank containing a liquid and a siphon, which is known as Tantalus Cup. In this article, the author has shown that the origin of the cup can not be found in historical documents, and probably from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries this device has appeared in laboratory and educational centers in Europe as teaching instrument. However, the thirty-second design of Alheyalbook of Banu Musa actually defines the means with the same performance but more completely than Tantalus Cup. In this article, this device is called "hydraulic relaxation oscillator of Banu Musa". First the history of the book and the life of author, Ahmad ibn Musa ibn Shaker Khorasani, is briefly stated. Thereafter, the historical and scientific record of Tantalus Cup is studied and the performance of the Cup is also described. Finally, Banu Musa's hydraulic oscillator based on relaxation is described in detail. The article claims that Banu Musa was the first engineer who used the relaxation oscillator in a mechanical device
Essays on principal-agent models
No full textThis dissertation consists of three chapters on principal-agent models. Chapter 2 studies an optimal contract design problem in a principal-framework whereas chapter 3 is an empirical investigation of the incentive contracts in the market of top executives. Chapter 4 is a theoretical chapter exploring welfare impacts of the structure in a top-level bureaucracy. In the first chapter, I consider a dynamic moral hazard model where the principal offers a series of short-run contracts. I study the optimal mix of two alternative instruments for incentive provision: a performance based wage (a “carrot”) and a termination threat (a “stick”). At a given point in time, these instruments are substitutes in the provision of incentives. I am particularly interested in the dynamic interaction of these two instruments. Both carrot and stick are used more intensively as the agent approaches the end of her finite life. The sharing of the surplus of the relationship plays a key role: a termination threat is included in the optimal contract if and only if the agent's expected future gain from the relationship is sufficiently high, compared to the principal's expected future gain. Also, a termination threat is more likely to be optimal if output depends more on “luck” than on effort, if the discount factor is high, or if the agent's productivity is low. Having inspired from chapter 2, chapter 3 of the dissertation is an empirical study of the contracts of Chief Executive Officers (CEO). Direct pay for performance and a threat of termination when performance is low are two important instruments to incentivize CEOs. This chapter is an empirical analysis of the use of these two incentive devices and how they depend on tenure and managerial ability. For managers promoted from within a firm, ability is proxied by their age at the time of promotion. For managers hired from outside, I instead rely on constructed measures of “reputation”, based on media citations over time windows of different length. Using a sample of firms, listed in S&P 1500 over the period 1998-2008, I find that CEO compensation and the threat of forced turnover are used as incentive devices throughout tenure. Even though the results indicate that pay increases as the CEO is more senior in her tenure, there is no strong evidence that termination threat follows a particular time pattern. For outsider CEOs, a better reputation increases pay and decreases the likelihood of forced turnover, with stronger effects for more current reputational measures. Regarding the impacts of reputation on the tenure-pay relationship, only more current measures have a significant and negative effect. Managerial ability, as proxied by age-at-promotion for insiders and as proxied by reputation for outsiders, decreases the likelihood of forced turnover. More current reputation measures, as in the case of total pay, have a larger impact of likelihood of turnover. Chapter 4 investigates the welfare implications of multiple principals in the highest level of bureaucracy. An agent has to carry out two separate tasks, which can either be organized by two separate principals, or combined under one principal. The relationship between the top level (the principals) and the lower level (agent) of the bureaucracy is a “principal-agent problem”. The existence of multiple principals generates a “common agency”. The analysis reveals that the optimal hierarchy depends on the existence of “rents” from office that the principals enjoy. If there are no rents, the two systems are equally welfare-efficient. A single-principal model dominates common agency otherwise.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Nadide Banu Olca
The Trauma and Collective Memory Analyses of a Novel Titled “Semua Untuk Hindia” by Iksaka Banu
No full textMemory receives various influences from the social background, starting from the surrounding community where the individual lives. Interactions between individuals, including with the community, foster memory. This shows that remembering requires a social context to materialize. One manifestation of memory is from individual trauma or collective trauma in a society. The source of memory is rooted in the collective material of human social products. Then, the memory develops and creates a correlation between people in society. One of the collective memories that prevails in Indonesia is the memory related to the struggle for independence. Society has a memory of the memories that occurred since the Dutch colonial era in Indonesia. This collective memory then becomes very interesting if explored with a theory that can see how unbroken the chain of memory in society is. The researcher then conducted research related to memory trauma in a collection of short stories by Iksaka Banu entitled “Semua Untuk Hindia” to see how the story responded to the traumas that occurred. This research uses informal data from a short story written by Iksaka Banu that tells a fictional story with a historical background, especially nostalgia for the colonial period. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative which uses research and produces descriptive data in the form of written words such as dialog and sentences contained in novel. The qualitative method used is a descriptive method by presenting data as evidence that the author expresses collective memory in a novel. The results found that the author indirectly describes collective memory in the form of interrelated events during the Dutch colonization period
A novel semantic smoothing kernel for text classification with class-based weighting
No full textAltınel, Berna (Dogus Author), Diri, Banu (Dogus Author), Ganiz, Murat Can (Dogus Author) -- #articleinpress#Altınel, Berna (Dogus Author), Diri, Banu (Dogus Author), Ganiz, Murat Can (Dogus Author)In this study, we propose a novel methodology to build a semantic smoothing kernel to use with Support Vector Machines (SVM) for text classification. The suggested approach is based on two key concepts; class-based term weighting and changing the orthogonality of vector space. A class-based term weighting methodology is used for transformation of documents from the original space to the feature space. This class-based weighting basically groups terms based on their importance for each class and consequently smooths the representation of documents. This is accomplished by changing the orthogonality of the Vector Space Model (VSM) with introducing class-based dependencies between terms. As a result, on the extreme case, two documents can be seen as similar even if they do not share any terms but their terms are similarly weighted for a particular class. The resulting semantic kernel can directly make use of class information in extracting semantic information between terms, therefore it can be considered as a supervised kernel. For our experimental evaluation, we analyze the performance of the suggested kernel with a large number of experiments on benchmark textual datasets and present results with respect to varying experimental conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use class-based term weighting in order to build a supervised semantic kernel for SVM. We compare our results with kernels that are commonly used in SVM such as linear kernel, polynomial kernel, Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel and with several corpus-based semantic kernels. According to our experimental results the proposed method favorably improves classification accuracy over linear kernel and several corpus-based semantic kernels in terms of both accuracy and speed
The Trauma and Collective Memory Analyses of a Novel Titled “Semua Untuk Hindia” by Iksaka Banu: Analisis Trauma dan Memori Kolektif dari Novel “Semua Untuk Hindia” oleh Iksaka Banu
No full textMemory receives various influences from the social background, starting from the surrounding community where the individual lives. Interactions between individuals, including with the community, foster memory. This shows that remembering requires a social context to materialize. One manifestation of memory is from individual trauma or collective trauma in a society. The source of memory is rooted in the collective material of human social products. Then, the memory develops and creates a correlation between people in society. One of the collective memories that prevails in Indonesia is the memory related to the struggle for independence. Society has a memory of the memories that occurred since the Dutch colonial era in Indonesia. This collective memory then becomes very interesting if explored with a theory that can see how unbroken the chain of memory in society is. The researcher then conducted research related to memory trauma in a collection of short stories by Iksaka Banu entitled “Semua Untuk Hindia” to see how the story responded to the traumas that occurred. This research uses informal data from a short story written by Iksaka Banu that tells a fictional story with a historical background, especially nostalgia for the colonial period. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative which uses research and produces descriptive data in the form of written words such as dialog and sentences contained in novel. The qualitative method used is a descriptive method by presenting data as evidence that the author expresses collective memory in a novel. The results found that the author indirectly describes collective memory in the form of interrelated events during the Dutch colonization period
JEJAK KOLONIAL DAN PERAN ORIENTALISME DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN TEH DAN PENGHIANAT KARYA IKSAKA BANU
No full textThe colonial period was the planting of orientalist concepts towards the East, where the differences between East and West were very much shown. This of course did not escape the views of several Indonesian writers and writers who then tried to record this phenomenon in their literary works. One of the Indonesian writers, Iksaka Banu, who discusses the conflict between the natives and the Dutch, the Dutch and ethnic Chinese, to the conflict between the Dutch and the Dutch in various experiences and one of them is Iksaka Banu's latest collection of short stories entitled Teh dan Penghianat which was just published in 2019. This research using qualitative descriptive method aims to describe the form and role of orientalism in the collection of Teh and the traitor by Iksaka Banu by taking two short stories as material for analysis, namely 'Teh dan Pengianat' and ‘Belenggu Emas’. The data collection technique was carried out by document study techniques in short stories, namely by collecting data in the form of document archives, including books and journals. Meanwhile, the data triangulation process in the form of theoretical triangulation, data source triangulation and researcher triangulation, was carried out by the author to check the validity of the data. By using the theory put forward by Edward Said, this research concludes that in the short story Teh dan Pengtangan, there can be found several depictions of the East in the context of orientalism which symbolized by indigenous and ethnic Chinese. Meanwhile, in the short story Belenggu Emas, the depiction of the east in the context of orientalism is described as an indigenous community that needs to be improved or educate
The Stories and story-writing of Buket Uzuner
No full textBu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.Yüksek LisansIll Tezin Adı: Buket Uzuner'in Hikayeleri ve Hikayeciliği Hazırlayan: Banu Küçükhıdır OZET Modern Türk Edebiyatında çağdaş kadın yazarlarımız içerisinde adından, hikayelerinden ve hikayeciliğinden söz edebileceğimiz isimlerden birisi de Buket Uzuner'dir. Hazırlamış olduğumuz bu tezimizde, Buket Uzuner'in beş hikaye kitabını (Benim Adım Mayıs, Ayın En Çıplak Günü, Güneş Yiyen Çingene, Karayel Hüznü, Şairler Şehri) tahlil ederek, incelemeye çalıştık. Çağdaş yazarlarımız ve onların sanatları hakkında araştırma ve inceleme yapılmasının önemini de düşünerek, tahlil etmeye çalıştığımız hikayeler doğrultusunda ayrıca Buket Uzuner'in hikayeciliğine, dolayısıyla sanatına da değinmeye özen gösterdik. Post-modernizm ve neo-sürrealizmin temsilcilerinden biri olarak kabul edilen Buket Uzuner'in eserlerinde, özellikle hikayelerindeki vaka tertibi, hayal gücünün orijinalliği dikkat çekmektedir. Hiç şüphesiz ki edebi eserler, onu meydana getiren yazarların, hayatı, sosyal çevresi, temsil ettikleri dönemin tarihi ve kültürüyle de yalandan ilgilidir. Bu nedenle Buket Uzuner'in hikayeleri ve hikayeciliği günümüzü yansıtması açısından da önem kazanmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: 1. Birey, 2. Değişim, 3. Çatışma, 4. Feminizm, 5. Mesaj.IV Name: The Stories And Story-Writing of Buket Uzuner Author: Banu Küçükhıdır SUMMARY Buket Uzuner is one of the names that we can mention her names, stories and story-writing among the contemporary woman writers in Modern Turkish Literature. In our thesis that we've prepared, we tried to examine by analysing the five story books of Buket Uzuner (Benim Adım Mayıs, Ayın En Çıplak Günü, Güneş Yiyen Çingene, Karayel Hüznü, Şairler Şehri). By thinking the importance of studying and searching about our contemporary writers and their arts, we made a special effort to mention the story-writing, that is art, of Buket Uzuner in the direction of stories that we tried to analyse. In the works of Buket Uzuner who is accepted as one of the representatives of Post-modernism and Neo-Surrealism, especially the order of events in her stories and the originality of her power of imagination call attention. Of course the literary works are closely related with the life, social environment of the writers who created them and with the history and culture of the period they represent That is why, the stories and story-writing of Buket Uzuner is important in the regard of reflecting today. Key Words's: 1. İndivual, 2. Change, 3. Conflict, 4. Feminism, 5. Message
Automatic Turkish text categorization in terms of author, genre and gender
No full textIn this study, a first comprehensive text classification using n-gram model has been realized for Turkish. We worked in 3 different areas such as determining the identification of a Turkish document's author, classifying documents according to text's genre and identifying a gender of an author, automatically. Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, C 4.5 and Random Forest were used as classification methods and the results were given comparatively. The success in determining the author of the text, genre of the text and gender of the author was obtained as 83%, 93% and 96%, respectively
The diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound in characterization for thyroid nodules: How many criteria are required to predict malignancy?
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study was to define the criteria for use in differentiating benign and malignant nodules with the help of the receiver operating characteristic analysis and to increase the objective diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography
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