1,721,319 research outputs found
DesignIntorno. Atti della Conferenza annuale della Società Italiana di Design
No full textAtti della Conferenza annuale della SID - Società Italiana di Design, Alghero, 4-5 luglio 2022
Happiness, housework and gender inequality in Europe
Full text linkAlthough the last few decades have seen a progressive increase of gender equality in almost all dimensions of society, roles concerning childcare and domestic work remain highly gender-specific. Gender division of labour within the family varies considerably within and across countries. Gender systems are likely to have an important impact on individuals' well-being. Improved gender equality has enhanced the general well-being of women, although its extent may depend on the context in which women live and operate. This work considers the effect of the unequal division of labour within the household, between women and their partners, on women's own subjective assessment of happiness. We conducted the analysis using the European Social Survey data. We included 26 European countries and explored, exploiting a multi-level model to investigate the determinants of, women's differing levels of happiness across countries. In particular, we examined the extent to which gender equality at the country level can explain variation in happiness at the individual level. © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
Trends in the Economic Independence of Young Adults in the United States: 1973-2007
Full text linkOne of the major milestones of adulthood is achieving economic independence. Without sufficient income, young people have difficulty leaving their childhood home, establishing a union, or having children-or they do so at great peril. Using the National Longitudinal Survey, this article compares the employment and economic circumstances of young adults aged 22-30 in 1973, 1987, and 2007, and their possible determinants. The results show that achieving economic independence is more difficult now than it was in the late 1980s and especially in the 1970s, even for the older age groups (age 27-28). The deterioration is more evident among men. From the 1970s there has been convergence in the trajectories for the achievement of economic self-sufficiency between men and women, suggesting that the increase in gender parity, especially in education and labor market outcomes, is making their opportunities to be employed and to earn good wages more similar. This convergence also suggests that union formation increasingly may depend on a capacity to combine men's and women's wages
Sequence analysis as a tool for family demography
No full textIn this chapter we describe the development of sequence analysis (SA) techniques to investigate the process of family formation and dissolution. Family structure has changed substantially in past decades, and family trajectories are more heterogeneous than they used to be in the past. The age at first marriage has increased in many, if not all, western societies; cohabitation has become a very standard stage in people’s family formation; divorce rates rose considerably since the 1970s, but their growth slowed down and even halted in some countries; and stepfamilies have become more and more common. All these trends imply not only changes in the timing of events, but also changes in the sequencing and the duration of events. Many aspects of family trajectories have been analyzed individually, without taking into account the interrelation among different events. However, it is necessary to look at the process of union formation and the subsequent family pathways from a holistic point of view. Sequence analysis is therefore the appropriate tool to analyze family histories, taking into account the timing, sequencing, and duration of events. In this chapter we discuss the way in which sequence analysis has been used so far in family demography, and illustrate the most relevant developments and innovative procedures relative to this technique. In the second part of the chapter we use data from the European Social Survey to illustrate an empirical application of sequence analysis and describe family trajectories across European countries
The Role of Fertility and Partnership History in Later-life Cognition
Full text linkCognitive ageing continues to be a significant burden for society and a primary contributor to individuals’ diminishing independence and quality of life. Therefore, improving our understanding of life-course influences on cognitive function is a necessity for public health. Parenthood and marriage are two such influences that may affect cognition in old age. Using the Health and Retirement Study, the relationship between family histories and cognitive functioning in adults in the ‘older’ age group in the United States is investigated through a sequence-analysis approach. The results show that most of the relationship between fertility and partnership history and cognition later in life is explained by childhood health and socioeconomic conditions, and current sociodemographic characteristics. However, those individuals who have never been married, and in particular those who have never been married and have had no children, report a significantly lower level of cognitive functioning in older age, especially women
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