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Brassica Oilseeds: breeding and management/ edited by Arvind Kumar, S.S. Banga, P.D. Meena, P.R. Kumar.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.This book contains 12 chapters focusing on the breeding aspects, i.e. genetics and breeding, intersubgenomic heterosis, induced mutagenesis and allele mining, seed quality modifications and genomics, and the management of diseases, such as Albugo candida and Alternaria species, insect pests and abiotic stresses, in rapeseed-mustard.Importance and origin / Arvind Kumar, P.A. Salisbury, A.M. Gurung and M.J. Barbetti -- Genetics and breeding / Shashi Banga, P.R. Kumar, Dhiraj Singh, Ram Bhajan and S.S. Banga -- Intersubgenomic heterosis : brassica napus as an example / Donghui Fu and Meili Xiao -- Induced mutagenesis and allele mining / Sanjay J. Jambhulkar -- Seed quality modifications in oilseed brassica / Abha Agnihotri -- Genomics / Venkatesh Bollina, Yogendra Khedikar, Wayne E. Clarke and Isobel A.P. Parkin -- Diseases / C. Chattopadhyay and S.J. Kolte -- Albogo candida / P.R. Verma, G.S. Saharan and P.D. Meena -- Pathogenesis of alternaria species : physiological, biochemical and molecular characterization / P.D. Meena, Gohar Taj and C. Chattopadhyay -- Plant disease resistance genes : insights and concepts for durable disease resistance / Lisong Ma and M. Hossein Borhan -- Insect-pests / Sarwan Kumar and Y.P. Singh -- Abiotic stresses with emphasis on brassica juncea / D.K. Sharma, D. Kumar and P.C. Sharma.1 online resource (xvii, 261 pages)
FIGURES 26–30 in Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India
No full textFIGURES 26–30. Selitrichodes madhucae Singh & Kaneria sp. nov., male: 26a–d, dorsal views of body showing color variations; 27, frontal view of head, in wet condition after KOH treatment; 28, posterior view of head, in wet condition after KOH treatment; 29, antenna, in wet condition after KOH treatment; 30, mesosoma in dorsal view.Published as part of Singh, Sudhir, Kumar, Arvind & Kaneria, Manish, 2022, Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 5129 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/648799
Highlights of Library Automation related documents in the INSPEC
No full textThe paper has attempted to analyse the Library Automation related records in the INSPEC (1969 to July 2004). The growth of Library Automation related literature, country of input, scattering of literature in different publication types, core journals publishing Library Automation related publications, language-wise proportion of the literature, content analysis through keywords/descriptors, availability of URLs (Universal Resource Locator) for full text articles as alternative locations were the main focus of the study. After the year 1984, the literature grows approximately linearly with a growth rate of about 600 items per year. The USA is the predominant publishing country of Library Automation related literature. Journals are the most preferred publication media, followed by Conference/Proceedings-Papers, Book-Chapters, and Reports publications. Most productive journals are: Library Hi Tech, followed by Computers in Libraries, VINE, Information Technology and Libraries, and Program. English articles constitute 91.83% of the total literature. That means the non-English articles constitute only 8.17%. The keyword analysis indicates that the key areas of Library Automation were cataloguing; academic-libraries; information-retrieval; Internet; and information-services. The most occurred URL was http://www.dlib.org/ as alternative locations in the availability notes of Library Automation related records
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Conversation about the Panchayat
No full textArvind and Kahan discuss the Panchayat, the village leadership that runs government programs in Chhitkul village, and what it has achieved. Arvind is a current member of the Panchayat, while Kahan is a former member. The recording was made at Amar Guest House in Chhitkul
Selitrichodes madhucae Singh & Kumar & Kaneria 2022, sp. nov.
No full text1. Selitrichodes madhucae Singh & Kaneria sp. nov. (Figs 6–32) Diagnosis. FEMALE. Body elongate, non-metallic, yellowish with brown areas. Head globose with curved malar sulcus; gena swollen; toruli placed in the middle of face, their lower margins half their length above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes; clypeus bilobed, anterior tentorial pits distinct; malar space about 0.8× as long as eye length. Antenna with scape 2.8× as long as wide; pedicel longer than any of the funicle segments; 3 anelli, basal longest, remaining 2 lamelliform; funicle and club each 3-segmented; club with apical seta. Mesosoma elongate, about twice as long as wide; pronotum long, about a third the length of mesoscutum; midlobe of mesoscutum without median line, with 7–8 adnotaular setae; scutellum with 4–5 pairs of setae; propodeum with inconspicuous median carina, paraspiracular carina absent; propodeal callus with 4 setae. Forewing SMV with small, inconspicuous 3–4 dorsal setae; marginal vein 4.4× and postmarginal vein 0.9× as long as stigmal vein. Cercus with 4 slightly curved setae; longest 2 setae subequal in length, smaller ones 0.5 to 0.7× the length of longer setae. Hypopygium reaching half the length of the gaster. Ovipositor sheaths slightly protruding by about the length of dorsellum. MALE. Similar to female except that the body is pale yellow and with fewer brown areas on mesosoma and gaster. Antenna with scape 2.6× as long as wide, distal ventral margin of scape with plaque covering about half the length of the scape margin. Forewing with postmarginal vein as long as and marginal vein, 3.2× stigmal vein. Description. FEMALE (Figs 6–22). Body size 1.71 ± 0.13 mm (freshly killed in alcohol; n = 10, range 1.54 to 1.88 mm). Holotype 1.60 mm (Card-mounted). Color/Sculpture. Body (Fig 6a–d) non-metallic, generally deep yellow dorsally, pale yellow laterally and ventrally; some individuals whitish with pale yellow tinge, with brown patches. Head with brownish tinge on occipital area, with a horizontal diffused brown band behind eye above occipital foramen; vertex and lower face with reticulate sculpture; with pale short setae on frontal (Fig. 9) and posterior (Fig. 10) sides. Eyes chocolate brown, ocelli deep red. Antenna (Fig. 11) with scape creamy white with dark brown dorsal margin; remainder of antenna brown, dorsal margin of pedicel darker. Mesosoma yellow with various brown tinged areas: pronotal collar pale brown to brown; median lobe of mesoscutum with 2 triangular diffused patches on anterior part, or with a central dark brown patch; anterior margin of lateral lobe of mesoscutum, axillae laterally, diffused bands on median and lateral lobes of scutellum (in some specimens), metanotum completely (Fig 6a, b, d) or with its posterior margin (Fig. 6c) dark brown; dorsellum generally yellow but brown (Fig.6d) in specimens with brown patch on median lobe; propodeum dark brown except yellowish spiracles, median part and posterior margin yellowish brown. Mesosoma laterally and ventrally pale yellow; propleuron, metapleuron and a spot each on mesepisternum and upper mesepimeron pale brown. Mid lobe of mesoscutum shallowly reticulate without median line (Fig. 21), 7–8 adnotaular setae, anteriorly with 2–3 additional setae between adnotaular line of setae and notaulus; notauli quite deep; scapula with 14–16 setae, sculptured as lateral sides of mid lobe. Scutellum with fine and delicately engraved longitudinal reticulation; with 4–5 pairs of setae, anterior most pair situated before the middle, second at about in the middle, third at threefourths and fourth pair at distal margin of scutellum. Propodeum with a very faint and hardly discernible median carina; paraspiracular carina absent; callus with 4 setae, 3 anterior and one posterior to spiracle. Wings hyaline. Forewing with SMV with 3–4 dorsal setae; costal cell ventrally with a line of 5–6 setae at basal half; cubital setal line missing basally, basal setal line absent. Legs pale yellow; procoxa, metacoxa, basal two-thirds of all femora and tibiae with light brown tinge. Gaster yellow; Gt2–5 dorsally brownish, progressively darkening posteriorly such that Gt2 and Gt3 with faint brown and Gt4 dark brown, Gt5 with two triangular dark brown patches joined by a pale brown (Figs 6c, d) or dark brown (Figs 6a, b) narrow band; cercus (Fig. 22) with 4 slightly curved setae, longest 2 setae subequal in length, smaller ones 0.5 to 0.7× as long as longer setae; gaster pale yellow ventrally, sternites laterally, posterior margin of hypopygium and outer plate of ovipositor with a brownish tinge. Ovipositor sheaths yellow. Structure. Head (Fig. 9) as wide as mesosoma, 1.1× as wide as high (416: 362), 1.7× as wide as frontovertex. Ocellar triangle surrounded by groove (Fig. 7); POL about 2.5× OOL (114: 47). Scrobal area without distinct median carina; toruli placed in the middle of face, their lower margin half a torular length above a line joining the lower margin of eyes; eyes about 2.5× as long as wide (192: 75); malar space about 0.8× as long as eye length (150: 192); mouth opening 1.2× malar space. Gena swollen (Fig. 11), malar sulcus curved (Figs 8, 17). Mandible bidentate, clypeus bilobed, anterior tentorial pits distinct (arrows, Fig. 8). Antenna (Figs 11, 18) with scape 2.8× as long as wide (173: 61), 2.5× as long as pedicel; pedicel about 2× as long as wide (68: 34); with 3 anelli, basal anellus longest, remaining 2 lamelliform (Figs 12, 19); funicle 3-segmented, segments lengthening and broadening distally; F1 1.1× (44: 38), F2 slightly longer and wider than F1 (47: 41), F3 as long as wide (47:47); club 3-segmented, 2.3× (133: 60) as long as wide, with short terminal spine with apical seta (Fig. 20). Mesosoma (Figs 6, 21) 1.9× as long as wide. Pronotum long, about 0.3× as long as mesoscutum; mesoscutum about 1.7x as long as scutellum; scutellum about as long as wide, part between submedian lines 3× as long as wide. Dorsellum rounded posteriorly and not overhanging propodeum, about 3× as wide as long; propodeum inclined at about 25º, medially 1.7× as long as dorsellum; propodeum with inconspicuous median carina, a wide smooth strip visible in some angle of view. Forewing (Figs 14, 15) 2.4× as long as wide (1428: 602), costal cell as long as marginal vein (409: 409); marginal vein 4.4× (409: 92) and postmarginal vein 0.9× (80: 92) as long as stigmal vein. Gaster (Figs 6, 17) pointed distally, wider than mesosoma; about 1.3× as long as mesosoma; hypopygium reaching half the length of the gaster. Ovipositor sheaths slightly protruding, by about the length of dorsellum, beyond apex of gaster in freshly killed specimens in alcohol, but not exserted in dried specimens. Ovipositor (Fig. 16) slightly shorter than gaster length (810: 860) with exserted part as long as postcercale. Ovipositor sheaths as long as Gt7. MALE. (Figs 23–32). Body size 1.25 ± 0.04 mm (freshly killed in alcohol, n = 12, range 1.20 to 1.30 mm). Color/Sculpture. Whitish to pale yellow (Figs 26 a–d), except faint brown to dark brown patch on anterior half of mesoscutum in some specimens (Figs 26c, d), metanotum completely (Figs 26c, d) or laterally only dark brown (Fig. 26b), propodeum dark brown in anterior two-thirds, with the exception of yellow spots in the middle and around spiracles. Gaster with Gt4 with faint brown markings on both sides, Gt5 completely black or with faint brownish shade in some specimens. Antenna (Fig. 29) concolorous with body, scape with a long ventral plaque in distal two-thirds. Setae on head as in Figs 27, 28. SMV (Fig. 32) with 3 dorsal setae; 5–6 adnotaular setae in a line. Structure. Head (Fig. 26) narrowly wider than mesosoma (327: 310); in frontal view (Fig. 27) 1.1× as wide as high (327: 287), 1.6× frontovertex width (327: 200); in dorsal view POL 2× OOL (91: 45); gena (Fig. 28) more swollen than in female (Fig. 10). Antenna (Fig. 29) with scape 2.6× as long as wide (302: 115), ventral margin of scape with plaque about 0.6× scape length. Pedicel about 2.6× as long as wide (162: 62), F1 1.3× (81: 62), F2 shortest 1.1 × (73: 66) and F3 1.3× (84: 74) as long as wide; club three-segmented, 2.3× (204: 88) as long as wide, C1 0.38×, C2 0.29×, C3 0.3× club length (Fig. 24). Mesosoma (Figs 26, 30) 1.9× as long as wide (594: 310); mesoscutum 1.3× as long as scutellum (249: 185); scutellum as long as wide (185: 185), 4.5× as long as dorsellum; part between submedian lines narrower than in female, 5× as long as wide. Forewing (Figs 31, 32) 2.3× as long as wide, costal cell 1.4× as long as marginal vein (326: 241); marginal vein 3.2× as long as stigmal vein (326: 76), postmarginal vein as long as stigmal vein (73: 76). Gaster (Fig. 26) rounded distally, as long and as wide as mesosoma; genitalia (Fig. 25), digitus with one digital spine and paramere with one apical seta. Variation. There is variation in size for both sexes, see above. Both sexes show variation in the intensity of brown patterns, as per description above. Material examined. Holotype: ♀, card mounted: INDIA: Uttarakhand, New Forest, 30.iii.2016, Sudhir Singh, ex. leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) (Sapotaceae). Deposited in NFIC-FRI, Accession no. H-22037 Paratypes: 21 ♀, 45 ♂. 3 ♀ and 3 ♂ on two cards (2 ♀ 2 ♂, 1 ♀ 1 ♂), INDIA: Uttarakhand, Dehradun, New Forest; 30.iii.2016; Sudhir Singh. 2 ♀ and 2 ♂ on a card, 2♀ and 2 ♂ dissected and mounted on two slides, 5♀ and 8♂ whole mounted on slide with 1♀ and 1♂ dissected; INDIA: Jharkhand: Ranchi, Institute of Forest Productivity Campus; 10.iv.2015; Arvind Kumar. 6 ♀ and 29 ♂ on 8 cards (2 ♀, 2 ♀ 1 ♂, 1 ♀ 1 ♂, 1 ♀ 1 ♂, 16 ♂ and 10 ♂), 2♀ mounted on 2 slides, INDIA: Jharkhand: Institute of Forest Productivity Campus; 14.iii.2017; Sudhir Singh. All ex. leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia. Accession no. P-22037 (deposited in NFIC-FRI). Other Material: 13 ♀ and 9 ♂; INDIA: Chhattisgarh: Korba Dist., Kechuna, Gavera Road; 5.iii.2017; Manish Kaneria. All ex. leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia. Accession no. 22037 (deposited in NFIC-FRI). Host. Gall former on leaf veins of Madhuca longifolia, see notes on biology. Distribution. India: Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Uttarakhand. Etymology. Named after the host plant Madhuca longifolia. Comments. The present species is unique and cannot be keyed out using any of the currently available keys to genera. In the key for Australasian region (Bouček 1988) it runs to Aprostocetus but is quite different from it in having postmarginal vein long; outer rim of propodeal spiracle completely exposed and not covered by a raised lobe of the callus; malar sulcus curved; both female and males with 3-segmented funicle. In Graham’s (1987) key to European genera (Graham 1987) it does not run satisfactorily to any genus. From couplet 6 onwards only some characters match and somehow run to couplet 8 where two genera Apotetrastichus and Sphenolepis have been separated. But the current species differs from both of them— Apotetrastichus by having frons with median line or carina; lower edge of antennal toruli about level with ventral edge of eyes; funicle 3 segmented in females and 5 in males; clava with 3 segments in female and apparently 2 in males; mid lobe of mesoscutum with median line; scutellum with 2 pair of setae. Sphenolepis also differs from current species by having propodeal spiralcles touching hind margin of metanotum; mesosoma hardly longer than broad; sculpture on mesoscutum and scutellum composed of short areoles which vary from nearly isodiametrics to about as long as broad. In the key to genera of Nearctic Eulophidae (Schauff et al. 1997) it runs close to genus Oncastichus LaSalle with following common characters: postmarginal vein distinctly longer than half the length of stigmal vein, torulus distinctly above lower margin of eye, scape extending distinctly above level of vertex and vertex with deep suture enclosing ocellar triangle. But Oncastichus differs from the present species by having following characters: malar sulcus straight, funicle segments with a whorl of setae at base, propodeal spiracles open at anterior propodeal margin by a short groove; males have 4-segmented funicle with long setae as in most of the Aprostocetus species. In the key to the genera of Indian Tetrastichinae (Narendran 2007) it runs to genus Baryscapus Foerster but differs from it by not having characters like—body with blue to blue-green metallic reflections, without any pale or yellow markings; postmarginal vein reduced, at maximum a fifth of stigmal vein; 4-segmented funicle in males. Following characters are in agreement with Baryscapus —malar sulcus curved, cercus with at least longest 2 setae subequal in length, relatively short and not conspicuously different from the setae on surrounding gastral terga and propodeal spiracle with entire rim exposed. It is also compared with Moona Kim & La Salle, Quadrastichodella Girault and Leprosa Kim & La Salle which have all been reported as gall formers and are not included in any of the above mentioned generic keys. Kim & La Salle described the new genus Moona based on specimens reared from seeds of Corymbia (Myrtaceae), from Australia (Kim et al. 2005). But S. madhucae is quite different from Moona in the following major characters (characters of Moona given in brackets): Body non-metallic, yellow with brown markings (body metallic green with some yellow areas). Head with malar sulcus strongly curved (slightly curved); ocellar area surrounded by groove (no such groove); face without frontofacial suture (with weak frontofacial suture); scrobal depression without median carina ventrally (with weak median carina ventrally). SMV with 3–4 small inconspicuous dorsal setae (3–5 long and prominent setae); postmarginal vein about 0.86 length of stigmal vein (0.5 length of stigmal vein). Antenna with 3 anelli and 3 funicle segments in both sexes (4 anelli and 3 funicle segments in females and 3 anelli and 4 funicle segments in males); F1 slightly longer than wide, remainder funicle segments as long as wide (all funicular segments longer than wide). Pronotum triangular and long in dorsal view (narrow and strip-like). Outer rim of propodeal spiracle not covered by raised lobe of callus (partially covered by raised lobe of callus); spiracular depression absent (spiracular depression open wide to anterior margin of propodeum). Apex of hypopygium reaching half the length of the gaster (about 0.27–0.28 length of gaster). Present species is quite different from Quadrastichodella Girault and Leprosa Kim & La Salle by following characters: scape and pedicel smooth with faint longitudinal reticulation (Quadrastichodella with rasp-like reticulation on both scape and pedicel and Leprosa with rasp-like reticulation only on pedicel); antenna with 3 anelli (Quadrastichodella with 4, Leprosa with 3), and 3 funicle segments in both sexes (Quadrastichodella with 3-segmented in female and 4-segmented in male, Leprosa with 3-segmented in female and males not known); postmarginal vein of forewing 0.86× as long as stigmal vein (0.5× in both Quadrastichodella and Leprosa). Mesoscutum with median line absent (present in both Quadrastichodella and Leprosa).). Cercal plate with four setae, two long and two short (4 in Quadrastichodella and 3 in Leprosa, all subequal in length). S. madhucae runs close to S. casuarinae, but differs from this species through the following characters (characters in brackets are those of S. casuarinae): Female. Body elongate (short); yellow with brown markings, see description (brown with head yellow with brown areas at eye margins posteriorly and at ocellar triangle, mesosoma dark brown with yellowish areas on dorsellum, tegula, and small patch on mesopleuron just ventral to tegulae; fore and mid coxae yellow, hind coxa entirely dark brown to pale yellow apically, trochanter pale yellow, femora pale yellow, fore tibia light brown to yellow, middle and hind tibiae yellow, tarsi pale yellow but dark brown apically, gaster yellow with transverse light brown stripes of varying strength along anterior margin of each tergite). Face moderately setose (sparsely setose) with supraclypeal area convex without any groove (broad depression at supraclypeal area below toruli extending to clypeus). POL about 2.5× OOL (1.5×). Scape 2.5× as long as pedicel (1.7×). Pronotum triangular and long medially in dorsal view (very short medially). Mesoscutum with 7–8 adnotaular setae (3 or 4). Scutellum with 4–5 pairs of setae (2 pairs). SMV with 3–4 dorsal setae (usually 3), marginal vein 4.4× as long as stigmal vein (3.3–3.7×), postmarginal vein 0.86× stigmal vein (0.3–0.5×); propodeum 1.75× as long as dorsellum (shorter than dorsellum, see Fig. 13 in Fisher et al. 2014). Gaster 1.3× as long as mesosoma (gaster equal to or shorter than mesosoma); ovipositor sheaths extending beyond apex of gaster (not extending). Male. Yellow, see description (similar to female, but with more dark brown markings on mesosoma and gaster). Scape with a long ventral plaque in distal two-thirds (plaque small, in distal third, less than one-third length of scape).Published as part of Singh, Sudhir, Kumar, Arvind & Kaneria, Manish, 2022, Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 5129 (1) on pages 4-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/648799
Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh & Kumar & Kaneria 2022, sp. nov.
No full text5. Chrysonotomyia madhucae Singh sp. nov. (Figs 90–107) Diagnosis. FEMALE: Body dorsally orange yellow with brown markings, laterally with 3 flashy white areas—on lateral side of pronotum, metacoxa and spot covering lateral sides of Gt1 and Gt2. Head, triangular; toruli placed on lower part of the face, on a line joining the lower margins of the eyes, about twice their length from clypeal margin; inner margin of eye, in parascrobal area, lined with about 18 translucent setae. Antennal scape not extending beyond vertex; with 3 anelli; funicle 2-segmented, both funicle segments twice as long as wide, F1 longer than both pedicel and F2; club 3-segmented, 1.2× as long as funicle; terminal spine 0.6× as long as length of remainder of C3 (26: 41), without apical seta, but with 2 small setae on the sides. Forewing infuscated at the middle; marginal vein 1.5× as long as costal cell, 6.1× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein clearly longer than stigmal vein. MALE: Similar to female; body pale yellow with brown markings, laterally without flashy white areas.Antenna with 2 anelli; apical seta present. Description. FEMALE (Figs 90–99). Body size 1.56 ± 0.88 mm (freshly killed in alcohol, n = 15, range 1.40 to 1.70 mm). Holotype 1.70 mm (Card-mounted). Color/Sculpture. Body (Figs 90, 91) dorsally orange yellow with light brown patches on mesosoma and gaster; antennal scape basally, pronotum and Gt1-3 laterally and legs white. Head with frontovertex and upper face orange yellow, lower face and area behind eyes yellow. Vertex with reticulate sculpture; 4 horizontal rows of dark brown stout setae with black basal insertions (Fig. 92)—first row with 2 pairs of longer setae on the occipital margin; second row with 2 pairs of short setae, one on either side, behind lateral ocellus; third row of 5 setae between median and lateral ocellus, seta in front of lateral ocellus stronger than the rest; fourth row with 2 pairs at anterior margin of frontovertex. Eyes red, setose, setae on ventral side silvery white and longer than those on dorsal half; inner margins of eyes, in parascrobal area, lined with about 18 translucent setae (Fig. 97). Clypeus with a pair of setae. Mandibles with brown dentition, tri-dentate, upper 2 smaller than the lower. Antenna with scape yellow (except basal part which is white), pedicel and flagellum light brown. Mesosoma (Figs 90, 91, 94, 99), pronotum dorsally with light brown patch at middle of the posterior half, spreading to whole margin posteriorly; flashy white laterally, beyond the lateral setae; posterior margin with 4 translucent setae with darker insertion points; reticulately sculptured, cells small about one-third the size of cells on the anterior part of mesoscutum. Mesoscutum dorsally mainly light brown, with spot just behind the lateral ends of pronotum and lateral lobes yellow, with light green reflections; reticulately sculptured; with one pair of stout translucent setae with dark brown insertion points at the central two-thirds, some specimens with black setae; notauli short; lateral lobes adjoining tegula with 2 or rarely 3 black setae. Axillae dorsally with a central brown spot, inner margin with a translucent seta. Scutellum with a longitudinal brown spot at the middle of basal half, which diffuses posteriorly and merges with light brown suffusion on the distal half; sculpture smaller and deeper than that on mesoscutum; with a pair of long translucent setae behind middle. Lower mesepimeron dark brown, upper mesepimeron light brown. Posterior half of lateral panel of metanotum dark brown. Propodeum medially light brown, with a dark brown patch between median brown area and spiracle; with lateral and posterior margin yellow except dark brown adpetiolar area; without any sculpture or carinae, callus with a pair of long translucent setae on lateral side of spiracles. Legs white with white setae, pro- meso- and metacoxae and metafemora with about 10, 4, 50 and 15 brownish setae with dark insertion points; postero-lateral faces of femora light brown and distally with a stout seta with dark insertion point; mesotibia basally with two stout setae with brown insertions; tarsi with brownish tinge; pretarsi light brown. Forewings (Fig. 95) hyaline with light brown infuscation below three-fifths of marginal and stigmal veins. Veins light brown, SMV with 2, marginal vein with 12 long dorsal setae. Cubital setal line meets short basal setal line, separating speculum from open basal cell. Area between postmarginal and stigmal veins bare. Gaster (Fig.91) with 3 dark brown to black transverse bands in the middle; Gt1 basally light brown, flashy white on lateral sides; anterior half of lateral side of Gt2 flashy white; distal margin of Gt3, both basal and distal margins of Gt4-5 and basal margin of Gt6 with dark brown markings which overlap to form three dark brown to black transverse bands. Posterior margins of Gt1-5 with 4, 10, 14, 20 and 20 setae, respectively; Gt5 with a second row of 9-10 setae and Gt6 completely setose. Ovipositor sheaths black. Structure. Head 1.2× as wide as mesosoma (Fig. 91); in frontal view (Fig. 97) 1.3× as wide as high (443: 348), 2.9× as wide as frontovertex (443: 150); frontovertex at narrowest point (anterior ocellus level) 2.5× as wide as interantennal distance; malar space 0.4× as long as eye length (93: 250), mouth 1.8× as wide as malar space (165: 93); toruli placed lower on face, about twice their length from clypeal margin, placed on a line joining the lower margins of the eyes. In dorsal view, head (Fig. 92) 1.6× as wide as long (443: 270); POL 3× OOL (61: 20). Antenna (Figs 93, 98) with scape curved at base, 5.6× as long as wide (180: 32); pedicel about 1.7× as long as wide (64: 38); with 3 lamelliform anelli; funicle 2-segmented; F1 slightly longer than pedicel, 2× as long as wide (71: 35), F2 clearly longer than F1, 2× as long as wide (75: 36). Club 3-segmented, 1.2× as long as funicle (174: 143); C1 and C2, each 1.8× as long as wide (55: 30, 50: 27), C3 longest, acute and cone-like, 3.7× as long as wide (length includes terminal spine) (67: 18); terminal spine 0.6× as long as remainder of C3 (26: 41), without apical seta, with 2 small setae on the sides—one near the tip and another near middle. Mesosoma (Figs 94, 99) 1.7× as long as wide. Pronotum about 0.2× as long as mesoscutum (51: 259). Mesoscutum 1.6× as wide as long (407: 259). Scutellum clearly wider than long (235: 218), about 0.8× as long as mesoscutum, about 7× dorsellum length; Propodeum medially 1.5× as long as dorsellum. Forewing (Fig. 95) 2.3× as long as wide (1132: 486); marginal vein 1.5× as long as costal cell (418: 269), 6.1× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein clearly longer than stigmal vein (73: 68). Gaster (Fig. 91) as wide as mesosoma; 1.1× as long as mesosoma; petiole indistinct; hypopygium reaching about middle of gaster (Fig. 90). Ovipositor narrowly longer than gaster length; exserted part of ovipositor sheaths 0.3× as long as postcercale (Fig. 96). MALE (Figs 99–107). Body size 1.08 ± 0.10 mm (freshly killed in alcohol, n = 15, range 0.91 to 1.26 mm). Color/Sculpture. Body color lighter than female, lemon yellow; lateral bright white spots absent. Legs without any suffusion. Structure. Head 1.2× as wide as mesosoma (Fig. 103); in frontal view (Fig. 100) 1.2× as wide as high (356: 291), 2.7× as wide as frontovertex (356: 136); malar space about 0.4× as long as eye length (78: 193), mouth 1.9× as wide as malar space (148: 78); toruli placed lower on face, about twice their length from clypeal margin, placed on a line joining the lower margins of the eyes. In dorsal view, head 1.7× as wide as long (356: 214); POL 4× OOL. Antenna (Figs 98, 104), scape curved at base, 4.9× as long as wide (152: 31); pedicel about 1.7× as long as wide (55: 32); with 2 lamelliform anelli; funicle 2-segmented; F1 1.3× as long as pedicel, 1.9× as long as wide (71: 37), F2 clearly longer than F1, 2.2× as long as wide (76: 34). Club 3-segmented, 1.4× as long as funicle (205: 147); C1 2× and C2 1.9× as long as wide (65: 31, 58: 31); C3 longest, acute cone like, 4.1× as long as wide (length includes terminal spine) (79: 19); terminal spine 0.4× as long as remainder of C3 (24: 55), apical seta 0.7× as long as terminal spine. Mesosoma (Figs 101, 103) 1.8× as long as wide. Pronotum about 0.2× as long as mesoscutum (45: 178). Mesoscutum 1.6× as wide as long (288: 178). Scutellum clearly longer than wide (179: 166), about as long as mesoscutum, about 6× dorsellum length; propodeum medially 1.65× as long as dorsellum. Forewing (Fig. 105) 2× as long as wide (452: 217); marginal vein 1.4× as long as costal cell (157: 112), 4× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein 0.6× as long as stigmal vein (24: 39). Gaster 1.2× as long as mesosoma; genitalia (Figs 106, 107), aedeagus as long as phallobase length (254), phallobase 2.7× as long as wide (257: 95), digitus with one long digital spine; paramere 1.2× as long as digitus (61: 50). Variation. There is variation in size for both sexes. No color variations were observed in the specimens. Material examined. Holotype: ♀, card mounted; INDIA: Uttarakhand, Dehradun, New Forest; 31.i.2017; Sudhir Singh; ex. galls of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) (Sapotaceae). Deposited in NFIC-FRI, Accession No. H22041. Paratypes: 131 ♀, 44 ♂, same data as holotype; 69 ♀ and 22 ♂ on 15 cards; 2♀ and 2♂ dissected and mounted on two slides; 60♀ and 42♂ whole mounted on a slide; NFIC-FRI, Accession No. P-22041. Host. Associate of gall on Madhuca longifolia, perhaps parasitoid of Selitrichodes madhucae sp. nov. Distribution. India: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Uttarakhand. Etymology. Named after the associated tree genus Madhuca. Comments. Chrysonotomyia madhucae looks similar to Australian species C. picta (Bouček 1988) on the basis of lateral white spots but differs from it on the basis of following characters (characters in brackets are those of C. picta): Female: Frontovertex dorsally with sides almost parallel (converging forward to short blunt frontal crest), frontovertex width at posterior end 1.2× width at anterior end (frontovertex width at posterior end 1.7× anterior width); anterior margin of frontovertex 3× the diameter of median ocellus (2×); anterior ocellus normally directed upwards, 1.5× its diameter from eye (directed forward, its own diameter from eye); POL 3x OOL (1.7x); malar grooves deep and distinct (indistinct); eye 2.7× as high as malar space (4.6×). Antenna with scape curved at basal third (straight); scape 2.2× as long as flagellum plus pedicel length (2.0×); pedicel distinctly shorter than F1 (longer). Median part of mesoscutum at posterior third with one pair of conspicuous stout setae (inconspicuous short setae). Cubital setal line meet short basal setal line separating speculum from open basal cell (basal setal line absent so cubital setal line does not meet it and speculum is not separated from basal cell). Scape yellow (white); gaster with Gt1 and Gt2 laterally flashy white (laterally hind margin of Gt1 white). In the keys given by Parshuram &Agnihotri (2017) and Jamali (2018) the present species runs to C. postmarginaloides (Saraswat) but differs from it on the basis of following characters (characters given in brackets are those of C. postmarginaloides): Female. Lateral sides of pronotum beyond the lateral setae, lateral side of Gt1 and anterior half of lateral Gt2 with prominent bright white spots (no such white spots). Head with frontovertex at narrowest point at anterior ocellus level 2.5× as wide as interantennal distance (3×); torulo-clypeal margin distance almost equal to interantennal distance (3.5×); inner eye margin in parascrobal area lined with about 18 translucent setae, malar sulcus deep and prominently visible (parascrobal area with fewer setae, malar sulcus absent or very indistinct; see Figs 7, 8 in Gumovsky 2001). Scape ventral margin convex over basal half (convex over basal third); pedicel as long as F1 and slightly shorter than F2 (pedicel longer than F1 and equal to F2); F1 and F2 each 2× as long as wide, though F2 slightly longer than F1 (F1 1.5× and F2 2× as long as wide; see Fig. C in Khan & Shafee 1982; Figs 7, 8 in Gumovsky 2001). Male. Scape 4.9 × as long as wide (5.7×); F1 1.3× as long as pedicel (0.6×), F1 1.9× as long as wide (1.5). Marginal vein 6.5× as long as postmarginal (5.3×), 4× as long as stigmal vein (5.6×) (see Fig. 206 in Jamali 2018).Published as part of Singh, Sudhir, Kumar, Arvind & Kaneria, Manish, 2022, Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 5129 (1) on pages 26-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/648799
Aprostocetus madhucae Singh & Kumar & Kaneria 2022, sp. nov.
No full text2. <i>Aprostocetus madhucae</i> Singh sp. nov. <p>(Figs 33–50)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> FEMALE. Body yellow with light to dark brown areas especially at pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum propodeum and middle of gaster. Head triangular; toruli placed below the middle of face, slightly above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes; subantennal grooves deep and not reaching clypeal margin. Antenna with scape extending beyond the vertex; with one anellus; funicle 3-segmented, all funicle segments long; club appearing twosegmented, apical segment very small. Forewing with marginal vein 3.2× as long as stigmal vein; postmarginal vein about a third of stigmal vein. Propodeal spiracle its own diameter away from the anterior margin of propodeum, rim of propodeal spiracles entirely visible; paraspiracular carina sharp; median part of propodeum between paraspiracular carinae prominently sculptured. Ovipositor slightly longer than gaster length; ovipositor sheaths slightly exserted, by about half the length of postcercale.</p> <p>MALE. Similar to female except that the body is whitish yellow. Toruli placed their own length above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes. Antennal scape with a pale brown ventral plaque at distal six-sevenths, covering 75% of ventral margin; funicle 4-segmented, without whorl of longer setae at base, F1 shortest; club 3-segmented. Forewing with marginal vein 2.5× as long as stigmal vein. Digitus of genitalia with one long digital spine, paramere with 2 setae.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> FEMALE (Figs 33–38, 45–48). Body size 1.55 ± 0.14 mm (n = 21, range 1.30 to 1.83 mm). Holotype 1.70 mm (Card-mounted).</p> <p> <i>Color/Sculpture.</i> Body (Fig. 33) deep yellow dorsally and pale yellow ventrally, with following areas suffused with light to dark brown: post gena, occipital area around foramen; pronotum (except lateral whitish areas); anterior middle of mesoscutum, middle and anterior margin on lateral lobes of mesoscutum; lateral panel of axilla; anterior middle of scutellum; posterior lateral margins of metanotum; callus and inner area along paraspiracular carina of propodeum; all pleura (except yellow femoral depression of mesopleuron); mesosternum; gaster dorsally (except pale yellow oval area spread medially on first to third segments). Antenna with scape off-white, with anterior third and dorsal margin brownish, pedicel like scape with basal half light brown, flagellum dark brown with basal ventral margins and sensillae off white. Legs yellow; in darker specimens metacoxae dorsally suffused with brown. Wings hyaline, veins light yellowish brown. Outer sheath of ovipositor ventrally suffused with light brown, exserted part of ovipositor sheaths dark brown. Head (Fig. 45) sparsely setose, setae off-white; with longitudinal reticulate sculpture, more prominent on lower face; parascrobal area dorsally with 2 rows of setae; vertex with 14–16 setae; scrobes deep; inter-antennal area with a pair of setae at the base; subantennal grooves deep and arc like (diverging out) almost reaching a point between anterior tentorial pit and malar sulcus; malar sulcus slightly curved; lower face between malar sulci with 7 pairs of setae; eyes with small setae. Mesosoma (Fig. 46): pronotum with squamiform reticulate sculpture with about 4 transverse rows of white setae; mesoscutum and scutellum silky with fine and delicately engraved longitudinal reticulation; midlobe of mesoscutum without median line, with 3 adnotaular setae (some specimens with 2 setae) in a single row; lateral lobe of mesoscutum with 3–4 setae on the lateral and posterior margins. Scutellum with finer reticulation than midlobe of mesoscutum, with 2 pairs of setae outside submedian groove, anterior pair longer, placed at the distal two-thirds near or almost touching submedian groove, posterior pair at the distal scutellar margin, almost between submedian and sublateral grooves; a distinct transverse subapical groove running all along the posterior margin. Dorsellum with faint reticulate sculpture as on middle area of pronotum. Propodeum with prominent median carina diverging out posteriorly to meet carina on posterior margin, paraspiracular carina sharply developed; area between median and paraspiracular carinae with strong reticulate sculpture; callus with 2 setae, anterior seta stronger and 2× as long as posterior seta. SMV of forewing with 2 dorsal setae, basal 2× as long as proximal seta. Setae on body pale brownish yellow with brown base.</p> <p> <i>Structure.</i> Head as wide as mesosoma (425); in frontal view (Figs 34, 45) triangular, 1.2× as wide as high (425: 342), 1.7× as wide as frontovertex (425: 250); POL 1.4× OOL (106: 74); toruli placed slightly below the middle of face, about one-fifth of their own length above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes; malar space about 0.7× as long as eye length (126: 180), mouth 1.2× as wide as malar space (216: 180). Antenna (Figs 35, 47) with 1 anellus; scape 3.5× as long as wide (206: 58); pedicel about 2.1× as long as wide (85: 40); F1 longest, 1.4× as long as pedicel length (118: 85) and 2.7× as long as wide (118: 43), F2 2.3× as long as wide (108: 46), F3 2.2× as long as wide (100: 46). Clava 3-segmented; C1 1.5× as long as wide; C2 1.4× as long as wide (78: 54); C3 (Fig. 36) indistinctly separated from C2, cone-like, as wide as long (length includes terminal spine) (42: 43), suture between C2 and C3 oblique; terminal spine 0.5× as long as C3 width (21: 42), without apical seta.</p> <p>Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide. Pronotum conical, half as long as mesoscutum (128: 260). Mesoscutum about 1.8× as long as scutellum (266: 149). Scutellum about 1.7× as wide as long, 3× dorsellum length; submedian lines further from each other than from sublateral line, enclosing a space about 2× as long as wide. Dorsellum 2.2× as wide as long. Propodeum medially 1.2× as long as dorsellum. Forewing (Fig. 37) with speculum present, 2.3× as long as wide (1318: 563); marginal vein narrowly longer than costal cell, about 3.3× as long as stigmal vein (332: 101); postmarginal vein about a third of stigmal vein (30: 101). Mesotibial spur 0.5× as long as basitarsus.</p> <p>Gaster (Fig. 33) slightly wider than mesosoma; 1.3× as long as mesosoma; petiole indistinct; Gt7 5× as long as exserted part of ovipositor, postcercale 0.4× of Gt7. Hypopygium reaching about middle of gaster. Ovipositor narrowly longer than gaster length; exserted part of ovipositor sheaths half as long as postcercale (Fig. 48).</p> <p>MALE. (Figs 39–44, 49, 50). Body size 1.31 ± 0.14 mm (freshly killed in alcohol, n = 14, range 1.00 to 1.50 mm).</p> <p> <i>Color/Sculpture.</i> Similar to female except that the color is whitish yellow (Fig. 39) and brown markings are not as prominent. Antenna (Fig. 41) scape and pedicel pale yellow; flagellum pale brown to dark brown from base to apex, with whorls of long setae.</p> <p> <i>Structure.</i> Head as wide as mesosoma (465); in frontal view (Figs 40, 49), 1.1× as wide as high (424: 366), 1.7× as wide as frontovertex (424: 248); POL 1.6× OOL (117: 70); toruli placed at middle of face, about their own length above a line joining the lower margins of the eyes; malar space about 0.7× as long as eye length (131: 187); malar sulcus straight; mouth width 1.8× malar space (154: 131). Antenna (Fig. 41) with one anellus; scape 2.5× as long as wide (448: 175); ventral plaque covering 0.8× length of ventral margin of scape; pedicel about 1.6× as long as wide (167: 100); funicle 4-segmented, F1 shortest about 1.6× (180: 114), F2 about 2.2× (219: 100), F3 2.3× (208: 92) and F4 2.3× (219: 95) as long as wide. Clava 3-segmented, C1 2.1× (176: 83), C2 1.9× (207: 109) and C3 1.7× (154: 93) as long as wide. Terminal spine 0.6× as long as C3 width (59: 111), without apical seta.</p> <p>Mesosoma (Fig. 50) 1.4× as long as wide (605: 421). Mesoscutum 1.3× as long as scutellum (236: 184); scutellum about 1.3× as wide as long (184: 236), about 4.4× dorsellum length (184: 42); sublateral lines twice further from each other than submedian lines from each other, the latter enclosing a space about 2.5× as long as wide; dorsellum with convex posterior margin, 2.7× as wide as long. Propodeum 1.6× as long as dorsellum (67: 42). Forewing (Fig. 42) 2.3× as long as wide (1185: 515); marginal vein narrowly shorter than costal cell (322: 324), 2.5× as long as stigmal vein (324: 126). Mesotibial spur as long as basitarsus.</p> <p>Gaster (Fig. 39) as long as mesosoma; genitalia (Figs 43, 44): aedeagus 0.8× as long as phallobase length (244: 292), phallobase 4.5× as long as wide (292: 65), digitus with one long digital spine.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> There is variation in size for both sexes, see above. Both sexes show great variation in the brown patterns, as per description above.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: ♀, card mounted; INDIA: Uttarakhand, Dehradun, New Forest; 31.i to 10.ii.2017; Sudhir Singh; ex. leaf vein galls of <i>Madhuca longifolia</i> (Koenig) (Sapotaceae). Deposited in NFIC-FRI, Accession No. H-22038.</p> <p>Paratypes: 71 ♀, 52 ♂, same data as holotype: 29 ♀, 23 ♂ on 12 cards; 3 ♀ and 6 ♂ dissected and mounted on 3 slides; 39 ♀ and 23 ♂ whole mounted on a slide. Deposited in NFIC-FRI, Accession No. P-22038.</p> <p> <b>Host.</b> Associate of gall on <i>Madhuca longifolia</i>, parasitoid of <i>Selitrichodes madhucae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India: Uttarakhand.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named after the associated tree genus <i>Madhuca</i>.</p> <p> <b>Comments.</b> In the key to subgenera of <i>Aprostocetus</i> by Graham (1987) <i>Aprostocetus madhucae</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> does not key out clearly to any of the subgenera but can most suitably be assigned to subgenus <i>Aprostocetus</i> on the basis of males having whorls of long setae at the base of funicle segments. However the following set of characters would take it to subgenus <i>Ootetrastichus</i>: Basitarsus of front and hind legs not longer than second tarsal segment; forewing 2.3x as long as wide, tip of marginal vein beyond the middle of wing length, speculum small, SMV with 2 dorsal setae; propodeal spiracle circular with rim completely exposed and separated from metanotum by its own diameter; midlobe of mesoscutum without median line; mesosoma long, about 1.5x its width, pronotum 0.4x (in female) and 0.25x (in male) of mesoscutum; ovipositor slightly exserted. Male antennal funicular segments sub-equal in length, scape with ventral plaque mainly in distal half. Conversely, some characters like subcubital line of setae reaching basal vein, propodeal spiracle very small, antenna always with 4 anelli are in disagreement with <i>Ootetrastichus</i>.</p> <p> In the key to <i>Aprostocetus</i> species of Indian sub-continent by Narendran (2007), <i>A. madhucae</i> runs to <i>sankarani</i> (couplet 42) but differs from it in the following characters (characters given in brackets are those of <i>A. sankarani</i>):</p> <p> <i>Female</i>. Body with many brownish spots, see description (body mainly pale yellow; flagellum brownish; following parts brown: a dot on pronotum just above spiracle, with short vertical line, two small dots on either side of base of forewing, a conspicuous cross-band on Gt4). Antenna with F1 2.7×, F2 2.3× and F3 2.2× as wide as long (F1 3×, F2 2.7× and F3 2.5× as wide as long); basal segment of club shorter than combined length of distal 2 segments (basal longer). Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide (1.3×); pronotum 0.5× mesoscutum length (0.2×); scutellum 1.7× as wide as long (1.5×); median area of scutellum 2× as long as wide (1.7×); dorsellum 2.2× as wide as long (3×); propodeum medially 1.2× as long as dorsellum (slightly longer). Forewing disc margin smoothly curved (margin apically flattened); SMV with 2 dorsal setae (1); marginal vein as long as costal cell (1.2×), 3.3×as long as stigmal vein (4.4×).</p> <p> <i>Male</i>. Similar to female, for color see description (brownish color more extensive than in female). Scape swollen in the middle, 2.56× as long as wide (slender, 3.6×); ventral plaque 1.6× as long as scape width (1×), 0.7× scape length (0.3×) and covering 0.8× length of ventral margin of scape (placed at middle of distal half of ventral margin of scape); F1 with base distinctly swollen (almost cylindrical with slight swollen base); setae in whorls shorter than 2 funicle segments combined (longer); basal club segment 1.2× as long as middle one (1×).</p>Published as part of <i>Singh, Sudhir, Kumar, Arvind & Kaneria, Manish, 2022, Description of five new eulophid species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) associated with leaf vein galls of Madhuca longifolia (J. Koenig) (Sapotaceae) in India, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 5129 (1)</i> on pages 12-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6487991">http://zenodo.org/record/6487991</a>
TOURISM ECONOMY OF THE HIMALAYA ON A SUSTAINABLE TRAIL: A CASE STUDY OF HARIDWAR AND RISHIKESH REGION OF UTTARAKHAND
No full textArvind Singh Yadav, Ashwani Kumar Bajpai, D. C. Pande
Fault delineation study using soil–gas method in the Dharamsala area, NW Himalayas, India
No full textnano shinbun ナ ノ 新 聞
No full textContent: 1) NF-POGO CofE: Sailing to new seas; 1.1) The NF-POGO Centre of Excellence at the Alfred Wegener Institute; 1.2) NF-POGO CofE in Retrospect: Where it began; 1.3) NF-POGO CofE in Prospect: Where we are now; 2) NANO Regional Research Projects; 2.1) The colors of Life in Latin America; 2.2) Updates from NANO Africa Nearshore Hydrodynamics-Erosion group; 3) When NANO ponders; 3.1) Nimit Kumar: Future of science in developing countries; 3.2) Dr. Arvind Singh: Talent or Attitude - what counts more in success?; 4) NANO alumni in the field; 4.1) Lilian A. Krug: Cruising along the Algarvian Coast; 5) NANO Profile - Q&A: Dr. B Meenakumari; 6) Research communications by NF-POGO alumni; 6.1) Evgeniya Klimchuk; 6.2) Houssem Smeti; 6.3) Irene D Alabia; 6.4) Dr. Shovonlal Roy; 7) Meeting AnnouncementsPublishedNon Referee
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