173,337 research outputs found
A importância moral da dor e do sofrimento animal na ética de Peter Singer
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2012.O objetivo desta dissertação é defender a importância moral da consideração da dor e do sofrimento de animais não-humanos. Isso se dá através do principio da igual consideração de interesses desenvolvido por Peter Singer. A senciência possibilita os animais a terem interesses, no mínimo, o interesse evitar a dor e o sofrimento. É por essa razão que devem ser incluídos nas decisões morais. São reconstruídas e analisadas as objeções de Peter Harrison, Carl Cohen, R.G. Frey e Lawrence C. Becker direcionadas ao princípio de Singer, e que criticam os pressupostos básicos, quais sejam, a capacidade de sentirem dor/sofrimento e de terem interesses, sobre os quais se fundamenta a inclusão dos animais nas considerações morais. Cada uma dessas objeções é analisada e criticada de modo a demonstrar suas limitações e inconsistências, juntamente com as implicações morais geradas para seres humanos. Na análise dessas críticas, reforça-se a importância e a consideração moral que deve ser conferida à dor e ao sofrimento dos animais. Após essa discussão teórica, é analisado um caso de âmbito prático: a pesquisa científica sobre o câncer humano através do modelo animal. Verifica-se, a partir do princípio de Singer, a imoralidade de tal procedimento realizado em animais sencientes devido à violação de seus interesses. Com isso, a dissertação enfatiza a exigência ética de abolir o uso de animais nessa prática em razão da incapacidade preditiva dos animais, mas principalmente devido à dor e ao sofrimento causado neles e também aos seres humanos, que ficam sujeitos aos erros, prejuízos e sofrimentos originados pelo intenso uso animal nas pesquisas. Nessa conclusão, se constata que a insistência no uso de animais nos experimentos compromete o cientista a preferir usar seres humanos, uma vez que isso gera mais benefícios e resultados mais seguros. A recusa moral ao uso de humanos em pesquisas implica, por outro lado, na recusa moral do uso de animais, ou seja, sua abolição.Abstract : The aim of this dissertation is to defend the moral importance of considering pain and suffering of nonhuman animals. This is achieved through The Principle of Equal Consideration of Interests developed by Peter Singer. The sentience enables nonhuman animals to have interests, at least the interest of avoiding pain and suffering. That is why it should be included in moral decisions. The objections of Peter Harrison, Carl Cohen, RG Frey and Lawrence C. Becker directed to the principle of Singer are reconstructed and analyzed, as they are criticizing the basic assumptions, i.e., the ability to feel pain/suffering and have interests, upon which is based the inclusion of animals in moral considerations. Each of these objections is analyzed and criticized in order to demonstrate their limitations and inconsistencies, simultaneously with its moral implications for humans. In the analysis of these criticisms, it reinforces the moral importance and considerations that should be given to pain and suffering of animals. After this theoretical discussion, a case study of practical scope is analyzed: animal testing for scientific research on human cancer. It is verified from the Singer's principle that such procedures performed on sentient animals are a violation of their interests and, therefore, immoral. Thus, the dissertation emphasizes the ethical demand to abolish the use of nonhuman animals in this practice due to their predictive inability, but mainly due to the pain and suffering caused to them and also to humans, who are subject to errors, injuries and suffering originated by the intense use of nonhuman animals on research. The conclusion verifies that the insistence on the use of nonhuman animals in experiments moves the scientist to prefer using humans in experiments since it generates greater benefit and more reliable results. The moral refusal to using humans in research implies the moral rejection of the use of animals in experiments and consequently, its abolition
Casper Singer letter 1776
No full textA letter to Jasper Yeats, written in Lancaster, telling him that Joseph Simon was to pay Singer a sum of money in connection with a judgementGift of the Elsie O. and Philip D. Sang Foundatio
Powerful Trend Function Tests That are Robust to Strong Serial Correlation with an Application to the Prebisch Singer Hypothesis
No full textIn this paper we propose tests for hypothesis regarding the parameters of a the deterministic trend function of a univariate time series. The tests do not require knowledge of the form of serial correlation in the data and they are robust to strong serial correlation. The data can contain a unit root and the tests still have the correct size asymptotically. The tests we analyze are standard heteroskedasticity autocorrelation (HAC) robust tests based on nonparametric kernel variance estimators. We analyze these tests using the small-b asymptotic framework recently proposed by Kiefer and Vogelsang (2002). This analysis allows us to analyze the power properties of the tests with regards to bandwidth and kernel choices. Our analysis shows that among popular kernels, there are specific kernel and bandwidth choices that deliver tests with maximal power within a specific class of tests. We apply the recommended tests to the logarithm of a net barter terms of trade series and we find that this series has a statistically significant negative slope. This finding is consistent with the well known Prebisch-Singer hypothesis. Because our tests are robust to strong serial correlation or a unit root in the data, our results in support of the Prebisch-Singer hypothesis are relatively strong.Estimator, Fixed-b Asymptotics, Power Envelope, Unit Root, Nearly Integrated, Partial Sum, Deterministic Trend, Linear Trend.
Peter Singer o cómo ser filósofo moral en el siglo XXI
No full textA raíz de su último libro, «Los derechos de los simios», publicado por Trotta, revisamos el legado del filósofo utilitarista Peter Singer como representante de la filosofía moral en pleno siglo XXI. Si te has preguntado por el bienestar animal en los últimos años es gracias a que él lo hizo hace casi cincuenta
Valor intrínseco na bioética ambiental: uma análise crítica das concepções de Dworkin, Singer e Rolston III
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 2010O tema desta dissertação é o valor intrínseco e sua aplicabilidade no contexto da bioética ambiental. Discute-se, sobretudo, as concepções de valor intrínseco apresentadas por Ronald Dworkin, Peter Singer e Holmes Rolston III. Tais autores possuem concepções de valor intrínseco diversas e delas realizam diferentes usos e aplicações, o que origina o problema desta pesquisa, levando-nos a questionar se tais concepções de valor intrínseco realmente são suficientes para se propor uma teoria bioética ambiental. A hipótese considerada é a de que dependendo do conceito e do uso da expressão "valor intrínseco", a concepção adotada pelos filósofos não é suficientemente adequada para fundamentar ou, pelo menos, apoiar a construção de uma proposta de ética ambiental que garanta individualmente igual proteção às mais diversas formas de vida. Assim, o objetivo consiste em analisar diversos usos e aplicações de concepções de valor intrínseco na ética prática e, mais especificamente, verificar os limites dessas concepções na sua aplicação no contexto de teorias bioéticas. A partir disso, aponta-se para uma concepção de "valor inerente" para a qual uma ética ambiental genuína deve voltar-se, sem descartar as contribuições de Dworkin, Singer e Rolston III. Para tanto, defende-se a importância de superar uma visão representacionista de mundo, segundo a qual os seres humanos são concebidos enquanto entidades separadas do restante do mundo natural, substituindo-a por uma concepção de natureza que entende os seres humanos como parte do mundo natural, que, por sua vez, é continuamente construído pela interação mente e mundo
Oblivious Algorithms for the Max-kAND Problem
No full textMotivated by recent works on streaming algorithms for constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs), we define and analyze oblivious algorithms for the Max-kAND problem. This is a class of simple, combinatorial algorithms which round each variable with probability depending only on a quantity called the variable’s bias. Our definition generalizes a class of algorithms defined by Feige and Jozeph (Algorithmica '15) for Max-DICUT, a special case of Max-2AND.
For each oblivious algorithm, we design a so-called factor-revealing linear program (LP) which captures its worst-case instance, generalizing one of Feige and Jozeph for Max-DICUT. Then, departing from their work, we perform a fully explicit analysis of these (infinitely many!) LPs. In particular, we show that for all k, oblivious algorithms for Max-kAND provably outperform a special subclass of algorithms we call "superoblivious" algorithms.
Our result has implications for streaming algorithms: Generalizing the result for Max-DICUT of Saxena, Singer, Sudan, and Velusamy (SODA'23), we prove that certain separation results hold between streaming models for infinitely many CSPs: for every k, O(log n)-space sketching algorithms for Max-kAND known to be optimal in o(√n)-space can be beaten in (a) O(log n)-space under a random-ordering assumption, and (b) O(n^{1-1/k} D^{1/k}) space under a maximum-degree-D assumption. Even in the previously-known case of Max-DICUT, our analytic proof gives a fuller, computer-free picture of these separation results
Multiscale Patterning of a Metallic Glass using Sacrificial Imprint Lithography
No full textBulk metallic glasses have been advanced as a means to achieve durable multiscale, nanotextured surfaces with desirable properties dictated by topography for a multitude of applications. One barrier to this achievement is the lack of a bridging technique between macroscale thermoplastic forming and nanoimprint lithography, which arises from the difficulty and cost of generating controlled nanostructures on complex geometries using conventional top-down approaches. This difficulty is compounded by the necessary destruction of any resulting reentrant structures during rigid demolding. We have developed a generalized method to overcome this limitation by sacrificial template imprinting using zinc oxide nanostructures. It is established that such structures can be grown inexpensively and quickly with tunable morphologies on a wide variety of substrates out of solution, which we exploit to generate the nanoscale portion of the multiscale pattern through this bottom-up approach. In this way, we achieve metallic structures that simultaneously demonstrate features from the macroscale down to the nanoscale, requiring only the top-down fabrication of macro/microstructured molds. Upon detachment of the formed part from the multiscale molds, the zinc oxide remains embedded in the surface and can be removed by etching in mild conditions to both regenerate the mold and render the surface of the bulk metallic glass nanoporous. The ability to pattern metallic surfaces in a single step on length scales from centimeters down to nanometers is a critical step toward fabricating devices with complex shapes that rely on multiscale topography for their intended functions, such as for biomedical and electrochemical applications.Peer reviewe
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
O consequencialismo e a deontologia na ética animal: uma análise crítica comparativa das perspectivas de Peter Singer, Steve Sapontzis, Tom Regan e Gary Francione
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Florianópolis, 201
Hyperovals arising from a Singer group action on H(3,q^2), q even
No full textSome hyperovals of H(3,q^2), q even are constructed investigating the action of a Singer grou
- …
