1,721,323 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Oxygen supply, body size, and metabolic rate at the beginning of mammalian life
No full textTo test the relationship between hypoxia/ischemia tolerance and metabolic rate in neonatal tissues, isolated unperfused hearts of neonatal, juvenile, and adult mice were studied by microcalorimetry and microrespirometry. Additionally, microslices of mouse hearts were prepared and studied in a microcalorimeter under different oxygenation conditions. Neonatal hearts had a slower hypoxic/ischemic decline in heat output than adult organs, correlated with a higher uptake of physically dissolved oxygen from the incubation solution. In the slice experiments, the neonatal samples were found to exhibit a higher metabolic activity which enables them to maintain, at low pO(2), a similar metabolic rate as the adult tissue at high pO(2). This corresponds to the fetal adaptation to low intrauterine oxygen tensions and might be a common basis for the elevated neonatal hypoxia/ischernia tolerance as well as for the postnatal increase in metabolic rate up to the level to be expected from body size. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Benefits of water-filtered as compared to conventional infrared radiation in neonatology
No full textBackground: When infrared (IR) radiation is conducted through water, its long-wave parts (called IR-B and IR-C) are filtered out in favour of the short-wave IR-A band. Since the former are normally absorbed in the outer layers of skin, water-filtering results in a reduced risk of superficial burns and a better penetration into tissues. This effect which in solar radiation results from its passing through the water vapour of the earth's atmosphere, has now been successfully imitated in radiant heaters. In this study, the potential benefits of water-filtered as compared to conventional infrared radiation in obstetrics and neonatology were examined. Materials and methods: To this end, three methodological approaches were made, namely: 1. Comparative physical measurements of radiant power density in several clinically used IR-sources, 2. physiological simulation experiments on the surface and depth effects of either type of radiation (performed on human adults and an artificial tissue phantom), and 3. clinical observations on the protective effects of the novel IR-A-radiators in incubator nursing and primary care of preterm neonates. Results and discussion: Although the absolute radiant power density was equivalent in a conventional and a novel heating device, the IR-A radiation proved to result in a markedly reduced superficial overheating of tissues. In addition, it exceeded conventional IR radiation in its ability to pass through incubator walls, thus lowering the risk of cooling in preterm neonates during nursing procedures. Moreover, when used as a complementary source of heat in the delivery room, IR-A radiation exerted a preventive effect against hypothermia during the subsequent transport of patients to the neonatal intensive care unit, probably due to the rapid build-up of heat deposits in peripheral tissues. Conclusions: In view of these benefits which are reinforced by a greatly diminished evaporation effect, water-filtered IR-radiation seems to make a promising contribution to the thermal protection of preterm neonates
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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