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Effect of formulation composition on the properties of polymeric films
Full text linkThe polymeric films for buccal drug delivery have been taking a lot of attention in recent
years as dosage forms because of the advantages they offer, such as good patient compliance,
ease of administration, availability in various size and shapes, etc. In this study, polymeric
films for buccal delivery were prepared by solvent casting method using different
concentrations of sodium alginate and carboxymethylcellulose along with different
percentage of glycerine as plasticizer. The effect of formulation composition and
crosslinking with different concentrations of calcium chloride on the physicochemical and
mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. Metformin hydrochloride was added to
selected polymeric film formulations as a model drug to investigate their potential for buccal
delivery. The influence of metformin addition on the properties of the composite polymeric
films was determined. The polymeric films were characterized in terms of physical
appearance, weight uniformity and thickness, pH, disintegration time, moisture content,
folding endurance and mechanical properties. FTIR studies were also performed. The drug
content and drug release were studied for metformin containing composite films prepared
with 0.8 g total polymer weight and 35% (w/w) of glycerine and drug release kinetics was also determined. The results showed that the composite films prepared within the study
showed good physicochemical and mechanical properties to be used for different
applications, including buccal drug delivery
İlaç dağıtımı için kompozit hidrojeller
No full textHidrojeller, yüksek su içeriğine sahip çapraz bağlı üç boyutlu polimer ağlardır. biyolojik sıvı emme kapasitesi. Organik veya sentetik olabilirler. Onlar nedeniyle biyouyumluluk ve biyobozunma potansiyeli, hidrojeller gelecek vaat eden bir çeşitli ilaçların teslimi için malzemeler. Bu çalışmanın rasyoneli, bir romanın geliştirilmesidir. model ilaç olarak parasetamol kullanan bir ilaç dağıtım sistemi olarak test edilen kompozit hidrojel. İçinde Bu bağlamda, doğal sodyum aljinat ve kompozit hidrojeller (sodyum aljinat ve selüloz) sentezlenir. Bu hidrojeller daha sonra karakterize edilir, ortalama ağırlıkları ve boyutlar ölçülür ve farklı pH'larda şişmeleri analiz edilir. Üstelik, sentezlenen hidrojeller parasetamol ile yüklenir ve bu ilacın PBS çözeltisi içinde salınması gerçekleştirdi. Bu çalışma sonucunda sentezlenen sıvının şişmesi gösterilmiştir. hidrojeller pH değişiminden etkilenmiştir. Ayrıca sodyumdaki ilaç yükleme miktarı aljinat, kompozit hidrojellerde yüklenen miktardan daha düşüktü. İlaç salımları incelendi salma ortamında sabit bir ilaç konsantrasyonu elde edilene kadar farklı zaman aralıklarında. Doğal hidrojellere kıyasla kompozit hidrojellerde ilaç salım hızının yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Gözenekli malzeme şiştiğinde, ilaç salım hızı şişme ile ilişkilendirilebileceğinden daha fazla, gözenekleri büyür ve bu da daha yüksek salınım oranlarına yol açar.Hydrogels are cross-linked three-dimensional polymer networks that have a high water or biological fluid absorption capacity. They may be organic or synthetic. Due to their biocompatibility and potential for biodegradation, hydrogels represent a promising class of materials for delivery of various drugs. The rational of this study is the development of a novel composite hydrogel, testing as a drug delivery system using paracetamol as the model drug. In this regard, native sodium alginate and composite hydrogels (composed of sodium alginate and cellulose) are synthesized. These hydrogels are then characterized, their average weight and dimensions are measured and their swelling at different pHs are analysed. Furthermore, synthesized hydrogels are loaded with paracetamol and the release of this drug in PBS solution was performed. As a result of this study, it was shown that the swelling of the synthesized hydrogels was affected by the variation of pH. Moreover, the amount of drug loading in sodium alginate was lower than the amount loaded in composite hydrogels. Drug releases were examined on different time intervals until a constant drug concentration in the release medium is achieved. Drug release rate was found to be high in composite hydrogels as compared to native hydrogels. As the rate of drug release can be correlated with swelling, when the porous material swells more, its pores get bigger leading to greater release rates
Advances in vaccine adjuvant development and future perspectives
Full text linkArticle number : 2517137
CODEN : DDELEUse of highly purified antigens to improve vaccine safety has led to reduced immunogenicity and efficacy, resulting in the need for adjuvants to increase and/or modulate the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Despite the need for potent and safe vaccine adjuvants, currently, there are still very few adjuvants in licensed human vaccines. Advances in immunology and molecular biology, especially in the last decade, have allowed researchers to understand better how the adjuvants work and enhance immune responses. While aluminum salts are still the most widely used adjuvants, research has shifted toward the rational design of adjuvant systems containing immunostimulatory molecules. Application of systems biology, which is based on high-throughput technologies using mathematical and computational modeling, has provided a deeper understanding of the biological events elicited by vaccination as well as the influence of other factors such as sex, age, microbiota, genetics and metabolism on the immune response. By this means, it became possible to tailor potential vaccine adjuvants more precisely for a successful vaccine with enhanced efficacy, safety and protection. In this review, after describing the mechanism of action of the adjuvants, current adjuvants in licensed vaccines, as well as those under clinical development will be mentioned in detail. Finally, new approaches in vaccine adjuvant development using systems biology and artificial intelligence will be reviewed, and future directions in vaccine research in regard to efficacy, safety and quality aspects will be discussed
Oral tablet formulations containing cyclodextrin complexes of poorly water soluble cefdinir to enhance its bioavailability
No full textCefdinir (CFD) is an oral cephalosporin antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of community-acquired infections. The oral bioavailability of CFD is limited due to its poor aqueous solubility. Cyclodextrins (CyDs) and their chemically modified derivatives are used in the pharmaceutical field to form inclusion complexes with drug molecules to improve their aqueous solubility as well as stability and to prevent side effects. In this study, CFD was complexed with CyDs such as beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CyD), gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CyD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CyD), and sulphobutyl ether 7-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE7-beta-CyD) to increase its aqueous solubility and to reduce its side effects without decreasing the antimicrobial activity. Phase solubility studies were performed and the stability constant of the CFD:CyD inclusion complexes was determined. The solubility of CFD was increased after complexation with CyDs as indicated by phase solubility studies, in the order beta-CD < HP-beta-CyD < gamma-CyD < SBE7-beta-CyD, a result that depends on the conditions of complexation formation. Complex formation between CFD and CyDs was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD) studies. The antimicrobial activity of the complexes against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains were evaluated and the strains showed higher susceptibility to CFD:HP-beta-CyD complex. Oral tablet formulations were fabricated using Avicel (R) PH 102 or Ludipress (R) as direct compression agent and magnesium stearate as lubricant. Using CFD:HP-beta-CyD complex in tablets significantly improved the dissolution rate of the drug when compared with that of formulation containing CFD alone
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
EVALUATION OF ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS OF INDIVIDUALS REGARDING DRUG STORAGE, UNUSED AND EXPIRED DRUGS
No full textThis study was conducted on 364 volunteers randomly selected in Bakırköy district of Istanbul province between 1st March - 30th April 2023 with the approval of the ethics committee. Face-to-face surveys were conducted to collect data on the demographic characteristics of participants, knowledge on the use of medicines, prevalence and type of medications at household and attitude on storage and disposal of medications. Of the individuals who participated in the study, 61.5% were male, 39.0% were between the ages of 18-24 years, 63.2% had university education or higher and 55.5% of the participants were single. Of those who were married, 35.2% were living with two people and 51.6%of the participants had no children. Most of the participants did not have a known chronic disease, while others had one or more known chronic diseases. The most common chronic diseases were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, it was found that among medicines stored at home painkillers were the most common. More than half of participants stored medicines in the kitchen, mostly in a special medicine box or cabinet. Also, more than half of the participants stated that they stored medicines in places that children could not reach. It was also determined that 75.3% of the participants sometimes completed their treatment by finishing the medication prescribed by their doctor. It was observed that a considerable number of participants kept unused medicines at home in case they needed in the future, while others delivered them to the pharmacy or health centre. It was determined that 47.5% of the participants always checked the expiration date of the drugs and did so as soon as they remembered to check. As a result, it was observed that not all of the participants did comply with the treatment by not using the medication prescribed by their doctor until it was finished, and they discontinued or paused the medication. In addition, we observed that the participants continued to keep unused medicines with the concern that they might be needed in the future and disposed expired medicines as household waste, despite effect on the environment. In order to cope with all of these, it may be beneficial to encourage rational drug use and to use public service announcements to raise awareness about appropriate route of drug disposal. This oral presentation was produced from the graduation project. </p
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