1,721,004 research outputs found
Development and preliminary evaluation of a bowel cancer screening decision aid for adults with lower literacy
No full textObjective: Several countries have recently implemented national bowel cancer screening programs. To ensure equal access to screening, information is needed to suit adults ranging in literacy level. Decision aids are effective in providing balanced information and have been applied in screening. However, few have been designed for populations with lower education and literacy. This article describes the development and preliminary evaluation of a bowel cancer screening decision aid for this group. Method: We conducted face-to-face interviews with adults of varying literacy ability, to develop the decision aid (Stage I). We applied principles of plain language, created visual illustrations to support key textual messages, and used colour coding to direct the reader through the booklet. We then explored its acceptability and Comprehension among consumers with higher and lower education (Stage 2). Participants were recruited from a community sample with lower education and a university alumni network. Results: A total of 75 participants were interviewed, 43 with lower educational attainment and 32 with university education. The decision aid was positively reviewed by both education groups. Results highlighted the need to clarify the purpose of the decision aid and the availability of choice in the context of screening, especially to those with lower education. Conclusion: The 2 stage iterative development process identified important factors to consider in the development of decision tools for this target group, and is recommended. Practice implications: Our findings have implications for how to support people with lower education and literacy make informed screening decisions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A decision aid to support informed choices about bowel cancer screening among adults with low education: randomised controlled trial
No full textABSTRACTObjective To determine whether a decision aid designedfor adults with low education and literacy can supportinformed choice and involvement in decisions aboutscreening for bowel cancer.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Areas in New South Wales, Australia identified associoeconomically disadvantaged (low educationattainment, high unemployment, and unskilledoccupations).Participants 572 adults aged between 55 and 64 with loweducational attainment, eligible for bowel cancerscreening.Intervention Patient decision aid comprising a paperbased interactive booklet (with and without a questionprompt list) and a DVD, presenting quantitative riskinformation on the possible outcomes of screening usingfaecal occult blood testing compared with no testing. Thecontrol group received standard information developedfor the Australian national bowel screening programme.All materials and a faecal occult blood test kit were posteddirectly to people’s homes.Main outcome measures Informed choice (adequateknowledge and consistency between attitudes andscreening behaviour) and preferences for involvement inscreening decisions.Results Participants who received the decision aidshowed higher levels of knowledge than the controls; themean score (maximum score 12) for the decision aidgroup was 6.50 (95% confidence interval 6.15 to 6.84)and for the control group was 4.10 (3.85 to 4.36;P<0.001). Attitudes towards screening were less positivein the decision aid group, with 51% of the participantsexpressing favourable attitudes compared with 65% ofparticipants in the control group (14% difference, 95%confidence interval 5% to 23%; P=0.002). Theparticipation rate for screening was reduced in thedecision aid group: completion of faecal occult bloodtesting was 59% v 75% in the control group (16%difference, 8% to 24%; P=0.001). The decision aidincreased the proportion of participants who made aninformed choice, from 12% in the control group to 34% inthe decision aid group (22% difference, 15% to 29%;P<0.001). More participants in the decision aid group hadno decisional conflict about the screening decisioncompared with the controls (51% v 38%; P=0.02). Thegroups did not differ for general anxiety or worry aboutbowel cancer.Conclusions Tailored decision support information can beeffective in supporting informed choices and greaterinvolvement in decisions about faecal occult bloodtesting among adults with low levels of education,without increasing anxiety or worry about developingbowel cancer. Using a decision aid to make an informedchoice may, however, lead to lower uptake of screening.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00765869 andAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry12608000011381
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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