1,721,005 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
A high content screening microscopy approach to dissect nanoparticle uptake and trafficking in mammalian cells
No full textSynthetic nanoparticles (NPs) are promising tools for imaging and drug delivery; however their mechanisms of cellular internalisation and trafficking await full characterisation. Current knowledge suggests that following endocytosis many types of uncoated NPs get delivered into endosomes and lysosomes. However, the mechanisms of cellular internalisation and trafficking of nanomaterials depend on a variety of factors, including the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the material itself, the biological molecules coating the nanomaterial (the corona), as well as specific cell-type differences in the endocytic machinery. In order to design effective drug delivery strategies that can use or by-pass the endocytic pathway, a comprehensive understanding of NP uptake mechanisms is therefore necessary. The present study describes design, testing, optimisation and application of an RNA interference (RNAi)-based high content screening (HCS) microscopy strategy to assess the intracellular trafficking of fluorescently-labelled 40 nm negatively charged polystyrene carboxylated NPs in HeLa cells.Firstly, NPs were characterised and a NP uptake assay and HCS analysis routine to evaluate internalisation and trafficking of NPs was developed. The assay was first implemented for a set of 10 siRNAs targeting known components of various endocytic mechanisms. A role for the large GTPase dynamin2 in trafficking of NPs to LAMP1-positive compartments was determined by automated HCS, thus establishing the principle that cellular depletion of individual endocytosis components is sufficient to result in a phenotypic effect in terms of delivery of NPs to endo/lysosomes.Secondly, a library targeting 58 proteins belonging to the family of Rab small GTPases was interrogated. siRNA treatments inducing a strong reduction of NP trafficking to LAMP1-positive membranes were validated by both HCS and quantitative PCR analysis. This revealed a role for the late endosomal RAB7A in the process, as well as identifying a previously unreported role for the Golgi associated RAB33B. Further relevance of RAB33B was investigated using a GFP-tagged protein overexpression approach, revealing a significant role for RAB33B and its GTPase activating protein (GAP) OATL1 in the trafficking of NPs through early endocytic membranes and late endosomes/lysosomes.This approach was next extended to an siRNA library targeting 348 genes involved in cytoskeleton organisation, function and regulation. A total of 39 siRNA treatments resulted in a strong decrease in NP trafficking. Of particular note was the identification of several motor protein subunits (DYNC1H1, KIF15, and MYO6) and proteins associated with actin and microtubule structure and remodelling (ARPC2, CDC42, CFL1, PLS3, TUBB). Among these, the motor protein myosin VI (MYO6), a recently established regulator of endocytosis and autophagy was selected for further studies in the context of GFP-tagged protein overexpression. This revealed partial co-localisation of NPs with myosin VI positive structures, and relevance of its cargo-selective autophagy receptor interacting motif for the trafficking of NPs to LAMP1-positive membranes.Finally, the RNAi HCS approach was used to systematically deplete 21,585 genes annotated in the human genome as a first attempt to comprehensively map the main regulators of internalisation and trafficking of NPs. In silico validation of the strongest candidate genes was carried out in the context of previously published transcriptomic data. Annotation, clustering and enrichment analyses of the validated target genes were also carried out. Bioinformatic protein-protein interaction studies of enriched target gene clusters annotated as being associated with the endomembrane system were performed, further providing evidence of the involvement of clathrin coated vesicle components (CLTC, DNM2 and AP2) and the cytoskeleton (ARPC2) in the intracellular trafficking of NPs. These studies also revealed potential roles for several endosomal proteins (RABEPK, RABEP1, HOPS/CORVET), TGN to endosomal trafficking complexes (COGs, TRAPPs, AP1) and lysosomal acidification machinery (V-ATP6).In conclusion, the results presented in this work provide the first comprehensive molecular overview of the bio-nano interaction space paving the way for the design of improved intracellular drug delivery strategies.Check date.issued and date.embargo: Flexible delayed release embargo added by autho
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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