1,720,997 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Characterization of Traffic-Related Air Pollutants near a Major Roadway in Albuquerque Using a Mobile Monitoring Approach
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2013In order to assess the characteristics of air pollutants in proximity to major roadways, a mobile monitoring campaign took place using the University of Washington Center for Clean Air Research (CCAR) mobile instrument platform designed to measure concentrations of particles and gases while continuously on the move. The CCAR platform followed a predetermined route in Albuquerque, New Mexico, over seven sequential days in April, 2012 during the evening commute timeframe. A series of roads, parallel to each other and Interstate 40, and beginning approximately 30 meters from the interstate, were traversed at least two times per observation day in an effort to tease-out changes in the chemical and physical properties of traffic-related pollutants as they age with distance from roadway. Metrics obtained during the monitoring campaign include: light scattering coefficients, light absorption coefficients, particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particle optical diameters, particle number concentrations, ozone (O3), nitric oxide (NO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), integrated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and location. Spatially resolved measurements were obtained for several of these reactive species as well as non-reactive tracers of vehicle exhaust. Two distinctive dispersion patterns were captured: 1) a symmetric pattern on either side of the interstate associated with low wind speeds; and 2) an asymmetric pattern with a dominant downwind influence. An expected decline with distance from roadway for several traffic-related pollutants, indicative of the dispersion process, was observed for the downwind near-roadway region. Additionally, an expected decrease in O3 nearing the interstate was observed due to its consumption by NO from roadway emissions. The innovative use of mobile monitoring allows for improved estimates of near-roadway gradients in air pollution, when compared with traditional stationary site sampling. Spatially resolved measurements allow for additional insight into the physical and chemical aging phenomena of traffic-related pollutants in the vicinity of major roadways
1-Nitropyrene and Diesel Particulate Matter Exposures Among Workers in a Metal Mine
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2014Diesel engines are used all over the world in many different applications. Diesel exhaust (DE) has been shown to be associated with several adverse health effects, the most notable being lung cancer. Current methods of measuring exposure to DE use elemental carbon (EC) as an exposure surrogate, but EC is also formed by biomass burning, gasoline engines, and other sources which makes accurate measurement in environmental conditions difficult. 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) is a chemical that is specific to DE, and with new analytical methods, can be detected at much lower concentrations. The goal of this study is to determine the relationship between personal 1-NP, and personal EC exposures, and how well personal exposures can be predicted from area monitoring in a metal mine. Exposures to 1-NP and EC were measured for a cohort of workers in a metal mine for 4 work days during March 2014. 1-NP samples were collected with GS-1 respirable cyclones, and EC was collected using SKC DPM impactors. Personal monitors for both 1-NP and EC were used during the work shift as well as 4 fixed location area monitors which were placed throughout the mine and in the above ground office space. In addition to the personal air monitoring, surveys were given to the miners which asked about the job tasks that the miners were performing throughout the day. The 1-NP filters were analyzed using a 2D HPLC MS/MS method and the EC filters were analyzed using evolved gas analysis (EGA) by thermal-optical analyzer. Due to the nature of the mine, area samples were not able to be used as predictors of personal exposures. A 1-NP outlier was found with an exposure of 5380pg/m3. This outlier was 10-fold higher than all other 1-NP exposures while the associated EC exposure was only 11µg/m3. The log transformed 1-NP exposures were found to be associated with log EC exposures (p<0.001, R2=0.45) even with the small sample size collected in this study. Based on these results, additional research is needed to understand outlying exposures, but 1-NP is indeed correlated with the current EC measures of DE exposure. Improved surrogates such as 1-NP provide a more specific measure of diesel exhaust, and may be useful in situations where using EC as a surrogate is not feasible. In addition, the use of 1-NP also opens up the possibility of using metabolites of 1-NP as human exposure biomarkers
Evaluation of 1-Nitropyrene as a Surrogate Measure for Diesel Exhaust: Assessment of Personal Air Monitoring Data from an Underground Mine
Get PDFThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2015Objectives We investigate the hypothesis that 1-Nitropyrene (1-NP) concentration in air is a viable surrogate measure of diesel exhaust exposure, as compared with industry-standard elemental carbon (EC) and total carbon (TC) measurements. 1-NP content in personal air samples was measured for a cohort of underground miners and compared with measures of Elemental Carbon (EC), Organic Carbon (OC), and Total Carbon (TC) in the same samples. Additionally, data from surveys was assessed as potential modifiers of these comparisons, and used to form a predictive model for 1-NP. Methods Personal exposure data were collected on a cohort of 20 employees at a large underground metal mine during 4 different sample campaigns. Full-shift personal sampling was conducted using an MSHA compliant SKC DPM impactor downstream of a GS-1 cyclone pre-filter. Each DPM filter element was analyzed for EC and OC using NIOSH method 5040. After EC and OC analysis each DPM filter was extracted with methylene chloride and analyzed for 1-NP using an LC/MS/MS method. Results Regression analysis of 1-NP vs. EC yields a 5.3% increase in geometric mean (GM) 1-NP for each 10% increase in GM EC (p<0.001). Associations between 1-NP and OC or TC were not found to be statistically significant. Survey data variables for location in the mine, fuel type, and cigarettes smoked were investigated for effect modification upon the 1-NP/EC association and none were found statistically significant. Out of ten survey variable combinations examined as predictive models for 1-NP, a model predicting 1-NP from primary tasks conducted alone was found to yield the best model performance (cross-validated r2=0.254). Conclusions 1-NP was found to be associated with EC in personal air samples. 1-NP was not found to be associated with OC or TC with statistical significance, due to a large number of OC samples below the limit of detection. Location within the mine, fuel type, and cigarette use as examined in this study were not found to significantly affect the 1-NP/EC association. Information on primary job tasks can be used to predict personal air concentrations of 1-NP
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