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The Use of Signing Space in Signed News Broadcasts
Get PDFThis study focuses on the use of tokens, that is, empty non-topographical areas in front of the signer, in two different production sets of Swedish news broadcasts in Swedish Sign Language, one for deaf adults and another for deaf upper school-aged children. The sample includes altogether 1,084 tokens in token blends. The presenters refer to an earlier established token frequently, and the most frequent sign types used to indicate a presence of a token are lexical signs, pointing and indicating signs. The tokens are mainly placed either to the left or right side of the presenter and to a lesser degree in the area straight ahead. The introduction and conclusion parts in news have fewer tokens. Interestingly, the signing space in token blends seems to be larger than the signing space in informal settings. We suggest these findings may be characteristic of the media genre. We also take into consideration the use of pictures on the screen and what effect they have on the creation of tokens.Cet article étudie l’utilisation des tokens dans deux types de journaux télévisés, l’un pour un public sourd adulte et l’autre pour un public sourd jeune, en langue des signes suédoise. Un token est un point vide et non topographique dans l’espace de signation qui se situe devant le présentateur. Notre échantillon contient 1084 tokens qui ont été placés à un point précis de cet espace de signation pour faire référence au concept introduit par chaque token au cours du discours. Les présentateurs exploitent ce mécanisme de référence fréquemment et les types de signes les plus utilisés à ce propos sont des signes lexicaux, des pointages et des verbes directionnels. La plupart des tokens sont placés dans l’espace de signation gauche ou droit du présentateur, tandis que l’espace de signation frontal est moins utilisé. Le nombre de tokens est plus réduit dans l’introduction et la conclusion des informations télévisées. Nous pensons que ces résultats pourraient être des spécificités des programmes d’information en langue des signes. Dans notre analyse, nous avons aussi tenu compte de l’utilisation des images à l’écran et de l’effet de celles-ci sur la création des tokens
“Cut and Break”-descriptions in Swedish Sign Language [Elektronisk resurs] : Children´s and adults´ depicting verb constructions
No full textThe present study focus on depicting verb construction in Swedish Sign Language. The study describe both adults’ and children’s verb constructions in descriptions of cutting and breaking events in Swedish Sign Language (SSL), specifically focusing on the number of hands used in signing, handshape category and hand activity. 14 deaf adults (ages 20–72) and 11 deaf children (2;1–6;6) of deaf parents, all native-users of SSL, performed a task that involved describing 53 video clips of cutting and breaking events. The clips show an event in which an actor separates material, either with the aid of a tool or without. Additionally, some clips show an entity separating by itself without an actor being involved.The adults described the events with depicting verb constructions that are produced with two hands. The analysis of the handshapes produced three categories: substitutor, manipulator and descriptor. The most frequent construction in the description of events without a tool was two acting manipulators (depicting a hand handling an object), whereas in descriptions of events with a tool the combinations were acting substitutor or manipulator with a non-acting manipulator. The acting hand referred to the tool and the non-acting manipulator to the affected entity. In descriptions of events without an actor, either two substitutors or two manipulators were used. In addition to depicting verb constructions, the descriptions also contained resultative complements, i.e. signs carrying information about the result of the activity being carried out. The complements were either lexical signs or some form of depicting verb construction. Similar observations have not been noted for any other signed language.In the manner of the adults, the children used depicting verb constructions in descriptions of cutting and breaking events (681 tokens). Nearly half of the verb constructions that were used by the children corresponded to the adult target forms. The majority of the constructions describing events without a tool corresponded to the adult target forms using two acting manipulators, even among the youngest informants. In events with a tool, only a third of the constructions corresponded to the adult target forms (emerging at 4;8–5;0); the remaining two-thirds were deviating constructions in terms of number of hands, handshape category and hand activity.Pervasive features of children’s constructions were the addition of contact between the hands and a preference for substitutors, something not found in adults’ constructions. These features were elucidated within the framework of Real Space blending theory, with the study showing that children first use visible blended entities and that invisible blended entities do not emerge until 4;8–5;0. Moreover, if children did imitate the activities in cutting and breaking events, they would use constructions with two manipulators imitating the actor manipulating an object. But that’s not the case!</p
Avbildande verbkonstruktioner i svenskt teckenspråk : Handformskategorier inom "Cut and Break"-domänen
No full text"Cut and Break"-descriptions in Swedish Sign Language : Children's and adults' depicting verb constructions
No full textPrevious studies on children’s acquisition of depicting verbs in signed languages have chiefly studied the use of classifiers in verbs of motion and location, particularly the order in which the different classes of handshape are acquired. The age of the children in these studies have ranged from age three to thirteen, and an important finding has been that classifier constructions are not fully acquired until early adolescence. Most of these studies have used an elicitation tool to investigate the production and comprehension of classifiers, but have not provided any adult target norms of the test items when scoring children’s achievement. The present dissertation provides a detailed description of both adults’ and children’s verb constructions in descriptions of cutting and breaking events in Swedish Sign Language (SSL), specifically focusing on the number of hands used in signing, handshape category and hand activity, which has not been previously described for any sign language. As part of this study, 14 deaf adults (ages 20–72) and 11 deaf children (2;1–6;6) of deaf parents, all native-users of SSL, performed a task that involved describing 53 video clips of cutting and breaking events. The clips show an event in which an actor separates material, either with the aid of a tool or without. Additionally, some clips show an entity separating by itself without an actor being involved. The adults described the events with depicting verb constructions that are produced with two hands. The analysis of the handshapes produced three categories: substitutor, manipulator and descriptor. The most frequent construction in the description of events without a tool was two acting manipulators (depicting a hand handling an object), whereas in descriptions of events with a tool the combinations were acting substitutor or manipulator with a non-acting manipulator. The acting hand referred to the tool and the non-acting manipulator to the affected entity. In descriptions of events without an actor, either two substitutors or two manipulators were used. In addition to depicting verb constructions, the descriptions also contained resultative complements, i.e. signs carrying information about the result of the activity being carried out. The complements were either lexical signs or some form of depicting verb construction. Similar observations have not been noted for any other signed language. In the manner of the adults, the children used depicting verb constructions in descriptions of cutting and breaking events (681 tokens), but they also used pointing and lexical signs (64 tokens). Nearly half of the verb constructions that were used by the children corresponded to the adult target forms. The majority of the constructions describing events without a tool corresponded to the adult target forms using two acting manipulators, even among the youngest informants. In events with a tool, only a third of the constructions corresponded to the adult target forms (emerging at 4;8 – 5;0); the remaining two-thirds were deviating constructions in terms of number of hands, handshape category and hand activity. Resultative complement are sparsely used by children (57 tokens), the most chosen type of complement being lexical signs. Pervasive features of children’s constructions were the addition of contact between the hands and a preference for substitutors, something not found in adults’ constructions. These features were elucidated within the framework of Real Space blending theory, with the study showing that children first use visible blended entities and that invisible blended entities do not emerge until 4;8–5;0.Disputationen teckenspråkstolkas</p
Svenska teckenspråkets spatiala uppbyggnad [Elektronisk resurs] : Kurskompendium, version 1
No full textDet här kompendiet vänder sig främst till dig som studerar svenskt teckenspråk på nybörjarnivå. Syftet med kompendiet är att bygga upp en förståelse för svenska teckenspråkets spatiala uppbyggnad utifrån ett andraspråksperspektiv. Det bildmaterial som används kommer från Utbildningsradion: Lilla Aktuellt, Sveriges Television: Nyhetstecken samt från Svensk teckenspråkskorpus och inspelningar gjorda vid Institutionen för lingvistik på Stockholms universitet.I de exempel som ges i kompendiet, i form av bilder, finns också annoteringar av vad som sägs i bilden. Annoteringar är nedskrivningar av det som uttrycks visuellt och för att skrift representera tecken används VERSALER. Det finns också olika symboler och skrivsätt som är hämtade från en inriktning inom teckenspråksforskningen som kallas kognitiv lingvistik. Anledningen till att detta sätt att annotera används i det här kompendiet är för att det i flera fall är tydligare vad olika saker riktas mot, var de placeras och liknande i teckenrummet, som är just vad kompendiet handlar om.</p
A comparative account for backchannels in two settings, dyad and multi-person conversations in Swedish Sign Language
No full textThe presentation addresses backchannel signals in two different conversation settings, dyads and multi-person conversation in Swedish Sign Language. Turn-taking patterns in signed conversations have been widely studied, mostly in dyads, e.g. Coates & Sutton-Spence (2001). Backchannel signals constitute both manual and non-manual signals, e.g. nodding, head-shaking, smiling, change of posture, use of facial expressions and full signs, e.g. JA (‘yes’) and PRECIS (‘exactly’) (Baker 1977, Mesch 2016, Ferrara 2020). The highlight of the presentation is the comparison of types of non-manual and manual backchannel signals in the two settings and a closer look at the quality of the types of backchannel signals, as some signals of one type occur in both of the settings analyzed in this study. Besides, in a multi-person conversation, the participants produced much fewer non-manual backchannel signals, and fewer different types of manual backchannel signals to the interlocutors than in a dyad. Other findings regarding manual backchannel signals are that in multi-person conversations are e.g. articulated larger and with a further distance from the signer’s body in signing space than in a dyad conversation, e.g. JA (‘yes’), right/agree (‘agree’), and POINT. Also, the interlocutor´s upper body leans more forward and/or has larger body movements in laughter. The non-manual backchannel signals in multi-person conversation are also fewer than in a dyad conversation; fewer head nods and mouth movements. When a dyad conversation occurs in a multi-person conversation, the backchannel signals remain more than those seen in a dyad conversation. The major issue in these differences is due to the restrictions of the field of vision when many participants are involved in a multi-person conversation.</p
Svenska teckenspråkets spatiala uppbyggnad : Kurskompendium, version 1
No full textDet här kompendiet vänder sig främst till dig som studerar svenskt teckenspråk på nybörjarnivå. Syftet med kompendiet är att bygga upp en förståelse för svenska teckenspråkets spatiala uppbyggnad utifrån ett andraspråksperspektiv. Det bildmaterial som används kommer från Utbildningsradion: Lilla Aktuellt, Sveriges Television: Nyhetstecken samt från Svensk teckenspråkskorpus och inspelningar gjorda vid Institutionen för lingvistik på Stockholms universitet. I de exempel som ges i kompendiet, i form av bilder, finns också annoteringar av vad som sägs i bilden. Annoteringar är nedskrivningar av det som uttrycks visuellt och för att skrift representera tecken används VERSALER. Det finns också olika symboler och skrivsätt som är hämtade från en inriktning inom teckenspråksforskningen som kallas kognitiv lingvistik. Anledningen till att detta sätt att annotera används i det här kompendiet är för att det i flera fall är tydligare vad olika saker riktas mot, var de placeras och liknande i teckenrummet, som är just vad kompendiet handlar om
Depicting handshapes for animate referents in Swedish Sign Language
Get PDFIn this article, we explore the distribution of handshapes used in depicting constructions (also known as classifier predicates) representing animate referents in Swedish Sign Language (STS). Using data from the STS Corpus, the analysis is focused on factors influencing the choice of handshape with regard to the 1-handshape vs 2-handshape variants, exploring their usage in different functions and contexts. The results demonstrate patterns in how signers use specific handshapes to depict motion and location events involving human(-like) and animal referents. The findings suggest that the event type, textual context and animacy of the depicted referent influence the choice between the 1- vs 2-handshape categories in STS, and that the 2-handshape category is used far more often than the former in our data. Furthermore, some of the analysed signs seem to have a limited depicting function in certain uses, suggesting possible grammaticalisation into a general [motion + VERB] construction, expressing an action being carried out at another location. The article contributes new insights into the nuanced use of handshapes in depicting constructions in STS and describes language-specific patterns in addition to pointing out cross-linguistic similarities/differences with regard to the expression of motion and location.publishedVersio
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