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Bosnia before and after 1914 : literary milestones in a changing culture of interpreting/translation between war and peace
No full textThis paper focuses on passages of interpreting/translation in four novels written by Bosnian novelists (Ivo Andrić, Dževad Karahasan, Saša Stanišić). It seeks to answer the following questions: How do the characters of the interpreters/translators represent their cultural background? Does the immediate situation (e.g. a situation of threat or violence) influence their verbal behaviour? Is the literary description a metaphorical one in order to symbolize the inadequacy and even the failure of interpreting/translation? How do the interpreters/translators in the novels attempt to bridge the gap between different cultures
Phraseology and motivation. Prototypical and iconic aspects of German and Balkan phraseologisms
Get PDFIn diesem Beitrag soll anhand ausgewählter Flora- und Fauna-Phraseologismen der Versuch unternommen werden, Phraseologismen im Deutschen bzw. im nordeuropäischen Sprach- und Kulturraum mit solchen im Balkansprachraum auf ihre Motivationsstruktur zu prüfen. Dabei werden die auf Charles Sanders Peirce zurückgehende Ikonizitätsthese sowie Eleanor Roschs Prototypentheorie bemüht. Es geht darum, die Motiviertheit von Phraseologismen zu hinterfragen: Wieso im Deutschen bzw. im nordeuropäischen Sprachraum der Apfel nicht weit vom Stamm fällt (vgl. the appel does not fall fare from the tree (Englisch)) und in den (Süd)Balkansprachen ‚die Birne unter den Birnbaum fällt‘ - (vgl. крушата под круша паѓа (Mazedonisch), крушка пада под крушку ((Süd)serbisch), dardha nёn dardhё bie
(Albanisch)) und wieso im Deutschen eine Schwalbe noch keinen Sommer macht, wohingen in den Sprachen des Balkansprachraums‚ eine Schwalbe noch keinen Frühling macht‘ - (vgl. една ластовичка не прави пролет (Mazedonisch), jedna lasta ne čini proljeće (Kroatisch), једна ласта не чини пролеће (Serbisch))? Unsere Hypothese beruht darauf, dass die Bildung motivierter phraseologischer Strukturen durch universell-ikonische und kulturspezifisch-prototypische Aspekte geprägt ist, wie z.B. Klima, Flora und Fauna, Lebensstil u. a. Die kontrastive Analyse deutscher und balkanländischer Phraseologismen gewährt schließlich Einblick in die ikonische Perspektivierung und kulturspezifische Prototypisierung von Phraseologismen.The main aim of the present paper is to compare flora and fauna phraseologisms in German, originating from the North European linguistic and cultural domain, with those from the Balkan region and to test them in view of their motivational structure. To this effect, the Iconicity Hypothesis by Charles Sanders Peirce and the Theory of Prototypes by Eleanor Rosch are taken into account. The ultimate objective is to enquire the purpose behind the motivation and to attempt the following questions: a. Why is it so, that in German and in the North European linguistic and cultural domain, der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm (the apple does not fall far from the tree), while in the (South) Balkan languages- ‘the pear falls under the tree‘ - (e.g. крушата под круша паѓа (Macedonian), крушка пада под крушку (South Serbian), dardha nёn dardhё bie (Albanian))? b. What is the reason for the fact that in German we have the phrase eine Schwalbe macht noch keinen Sommer (one swallow does not make summer), while in the Balkan linguistic and cultural domain - ‘a swallow does not make spring‘, (e.g. една ластовичка не прави пролет (Macedonian), jedna lasta ne čini proljeće (Croatian), једна ласта не чини пролеће (Serbian))? We based our hypothesis on the belief that the formation of motivated phraseological structures is shaped by universal iconic and culturally bounded prototypical aspects, e. g. climate, flora and fauna, lifestyle etc. The findings clearly demonstrate that the contrastive analyses of German and Balkan phraseologisms allow us to gain insight into the iconic perspectivation and culturally bounded prototypicalisation of phraseologisms
KONSTANTIN MILADINOVS SEHNSUCHT NACH DEM SÜDEN (T’GA ZA JUG) IM INTERKULTURELLEN ÜBERSETZUNGSVERGLEICH
Get PDFComing from Struga, the frail and gentle Konstantin Miladinov is overcome by grim feelings of coldness, gloom and loneliness, which are his constant companions during his studies in Moscow. It is these dark and dreary feelings that nurture his yearning for the warm sunshine of the South. By exclusively using positive epithets to depict the native soil, the author evokes the painful, unattainable desire to return to his homeland, symbiotically embracing it. This longing for the homeland culminates in a singular, heavenly exaltation for which it is worth losing one’s life.
Forming a part of Macedonia’s literary cultural heritage, the poem “Longing for the South” by K. Miladinov is above all, the cornerstone of contemporary Macedonian poetry, and as such has been verse translated into 60 languages. In our article, we focus on the comparison between the verse translations of the poem into English, German, French, Serbian and Croatian. The comparison highlights the cultural specificities and their intercultural reflections.Kälte, Finsternis und Einsamkeit während des Studiums in Moskau evozieren bei dem kränklichen Konstantin Miladinov aus Struga die Sehnsucht nach Wärme, Sonne und Geborgenheit. Epitheta, die für den Autor ausschlieβlich in der Heimat verwurzelt sind, und so den schmerzhaften Wunsch nach Heimkehr und symbiotischer Konnexion mit ihr zu einem singulären, göttlichen Erlebnis kulminieren lassen, für das es sich lohnt, aus dem Leben zu scheiden.
Miladinovs T’ga za jug, Kulturerbe Mazedoniens und Grundstein der mazedonischen zeitgenössischen Lyrik, liegt in 60 Nachdichtungen vor und wird in diesem Beitrag im interkulturellen Übersetzungsvergleich in deutscher, englischer, französischer, serbischer und kroatischer Version beleuchtet. Im Vordergrund liegen Kulturspezifika und ihre interlinguale Versprachlichung
Phraseology and motivation. Prototypical and iconic aspects of German and Balkan phraseologisms
Get PDFIn diesem Beitrag soll anhand ausgewählter Flora- und Fauna-Phraseologismen der Versuch unternommen werden, Phraseologismen im Deutschen bzw. im nordeuropäischen Sprach- und Kulturraum mit solchen im Balkansprachraum auf ihre Motivationsstruktur zu prüfen. Dabei werden die auf Charles Sanders Peirce zurückgehende Ikonizitätsthese sowie Eleanor Roschs Prototypentheorie bemüht. Es geht darum, die Motiviertheit von Phraseologismen zu hinterfragen: Wieso im Deutschen bzw. im nordeuropäischen Sprachraum der Apfel nicht weit vom Stamm fällt (vgl. the appel does not fall fare from the tree (Englisch)) und in den (Süd)Balkansprachen ‚die Birne unter den Birnbaum fällt‘ - (vgl. крушата под круша паѓа (Mazedonisch), крушка пада под крушку ((Süd)serbisch), dardha nёn dardhё bie
(Albanisch)) und wieso im Deutschen eine Schwalbe noch keinen Sommer macht, wohingen in den Sprachen des Balkansprachraums‚ eine Schwalbe noch keinen Frühling macht‘ - (vgl. една ластовичка не прави пролет (Mazedonisch), jedna lasta ne čini proljeće (Kroatisch), једна ласта не чини пролеће (Serbisch))? Unsere Hypothese beruht darauf, dass die Bildung motivierter phraseologischer Strukturen durch universell-ikonische und kulturspezifisch-prototypische Aspekte geprägt ist, wie z.B. Klima, Flora und Fauna, Lebensstil u. a. Die kontrastive Analyse deutscher und balkanländischer Phraseologismen gewährt schließlich Einblick in die ikonische Perspektivierung und kulturspezifische Prototypisierung von Phraseologismen.The main aim of the present paper is to compare flora and fauna phraseologisms in German, originating from the North European linguistic and cultural domain, with those from the Balkan region and to test them in view of their motivational structure. To this effect, the Iconicity Hypothesis by Charles Sanders Peirce and the Theory of Prototypes by Eleanor Rosch are taken into account. The ultimate objective is to enquire the purpose behind the motivation and to attempt the following questions: a. Why is it so, that in German and in the North European linguistic and cultural domain, der Apfel fällt nicht weit vom Stamm (the apple does not fall far from the tree), while in the (South) Balkan languages- ‘the pear falls under the tree‘ - (e.g. крушата под круша паѓа (Macedonian), крушка пада под крушку (South Serbian), dardha nёn dardhё bie (Albanian))? b. What is the reason for the fact that in German we have the phrase eine Schwalbe macht noch keinen Sommer (one swallow does not make summer), while in the Balkan linguistic and cultural domain - ‘a swallow does not make spring‘, (e.g. една ластовичка не прави пролет (Macedonian), jedna lasta ne čini proljeće (Croatian), једна ласта не чини пролеће (Serbian))? We based our hypothesis on the belief that the formation of motivated phraseological structures is shaped by universal iconic and culturally bounded prototypical aspects, e. g. climate, flora and fauna, lifestyle etc. The findings clearly demonstrate that the contrastive analyses of German and Balkan phraseologisms allow us to gain insight into the iconic perspectivation and culturally bounded prototypicalisation of phraseologisms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MARTIN LUTHER’S GERMAN TRANSLATION OF THE BIBLE – A POPULAR OR POPULIST APPROACH?
Get PDFThe German Catholic monk Martin Luther (1483−1546),reformer and rebel, who created a schism in the Roman Catholicand Protestant/Evangelical churches, is also well known for histranslation of the Bible from Hebrew (original: Old Testament)and Greek (original: New Testament) into German. In conflict withthe then-head of the Roman Catholic Church, later even causing adispute with the Pope and the Vatican because of its reform topics,he was guided by the premise that the Bible should be understoodpredominantly by the people, and not only by the clergy and theauthorities. Luther’s idea results in a German Bible translation thatdeparts from the sacral Hebrew, Greek, and also Latin (Vulgate)language dogmas moving toward a linguistic interpretation that“looks into the people’s mouths” (“Dem Volke aufs Maul schauen”).This kind of specific rendering leads Luther to break with traditiontwice: firstly by using primarily the original linguistic codes andregisters and secondly by breaking free from the sacramentalfunction of the original Bible text by not translating literally(word-for-word), which was the case with previous German Bibletranslations. The paper highlights the fact that Luther’s rendering ofthe Bible united the Germans linguistically and laid the foundationsfor the so-called German unitary language. In addition, the paperdiscusses whether the popularization of the German language inthe Bible establishes greater proximity to the believers and may beviewed as a popular or even populist instrument
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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