1,721,011 research outputs found
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Managing Challenges
No full textThe ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.(Martin Luther King, Jr, 1963, p. 79)Managers working in health and social care today are expected to do more with less, and to be more efficient as well as more humane and ethical (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2006). Since 2006, the economic environment has worsened, making the challenges that leaders and managers face even harder. Such demands can easily lead to tension, conflict and challenges: for example, from an angry service user to a difficult member of staff, an increase in complaints, or a rise in accidents on a unit. Whatever the challenges are, managers are expected to know what to do and how to deal with each one in a way that will not only help to solve the problem but also involve ensuring it will not arise again (Figure 17.1)
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Developing a coaching style of management
No full textA survey carried out by the Chartered Institute for Personnel Development found that 47 per cent of managers were using coaching in their work (CIPD, 2007). Yet ‘the manager as coach’ is a relatively new concept (Ellinger et al., 2010). It gained currency with the work of Evered and Seleman (1989), who identified coaching as a core managerial activity. It is now widely recognised that it can be useful for managers to add an understanding of coaching to their repertoire of skills in leading and empowering their staff to maximise their potential. In health and social care, coaching is seen as one way to maximise delivery at the point of service (Foster-Turner, 2006).
Coaching can be defined as:
[A] human development process that involves structured, focussed interaction and the use of appropriate strategies, tools and techniques to promote desirable and sustainable change for the benefit of the person being coached and potentially for other stakeholders.
(Bachkirova et al., 2010, p. 1)
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Above all else do no harm: an ethical evaluation of paediatric nurses management of children's pain
No full textPain is a critical, ethical issue because of its capacity to dehumanise the human person (Lisson 1987). Acute pain is one of the most common adverse stimuli experienced by children, occurring as a result of injury, illness and necessary medical procedures (American Pain Society 2001).
For many years, the body of research on children's pain lagged behind that of studies on adult pain. However, more recently we have reached a situation where there is sufficient evidence-based knowledge to deliver good quality, effective pain management to children. Despite this improving situation, evidence shows pain in children is still often inadequately assessed and treated. In 2005, the International Association for the Study of Pain, Special Interest Group produced a position statement on Pain in Childhood, stating that pain relief is a human right (International Association for the Study of Pain 2005). Children undergo pain from the many procedures and investigations used by doctors and nurses to investigate and treat disease. Children remember pain, and may avoid future medical care because of painful experiences in a hospital or clinic. This chapter will review the evidence on the management of children's pain through the use of Beauchamp and Childress' ethical principles (2008) of non-maleficence, justice, autonomy and finally beneficence.
Two facts about pain assessment and management are uncontroversial - first, health-care professionals have an ethical obligation to relieve pain experienced by their patients, and second, this obligation has been largely neglected (Blacksher 2001)
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Leadership and vision
No full textLeadership is increasingly defined within theory and policy as an activity which is central to all staff at all levels, and one which is increasingly allied to the modernisation and transformation of health and social care services. For Max Landsberg (2002), the essence of leadership is the ability to create vision, inspiration and momentum in a group of people. This chapter therefore builds on the discussion about contemporary management in Chapter 2, by exploring the relationships between leadership and vision and what they mean for managers, aspiring managers and practitioners in health and social care.
The imperative to transform and improve services reflects recent developments in leadership theory. There is a growing belief that the potential for leadership can be developed in a range of people and distributed throughout organisations, thereby fostering collaborative and integrative working to inform and contribute to an overall organisational vision (Ferlie and Shortell, 2001). This is mirrored in health and social care strategy in which the importance of identifying, nurturing and promoting talent and leadership at all levels is increasingly prioritised (Botting, 2011).
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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