1,721,178 research outputs found
Présentation
No full textBonnéry Stéphane, Crinon Jacques, Simons Germain. Présentation. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°55, 2015. Supports et pratiques d’enseignement : quels risques d’inégalités ? sous la direction de Stéphane Bonnéry, Jacques Crinon et Germain Simons. pp. 3-10
Présentation
No full textBonnéry Stéphane, Crinon Jacques, Simons Germain. Présentation. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°55, 2015. Supports et pratiques d’enseignement : quels risques d’inégalités ? sous la direction de Stéphane Bonnéry, Jacques Crinon et Germain Simons. pp. 3-10
La copie d’expression écrite certificative en langue étrangère : un support équitable ? Le cas de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles
No full textSummative writing assessment is an evaluative practice that aims, at least theoretically, to inform each student about his performance in that skill at a given time, and to help him to understand his errors so that he can make progress in his learning. In this article, we analyse summative writing assessment through various prisms. At the
macro level, we discuss the reforms of the education system pertaining to assessment ; at the meso level, we target the assessment tools offered by the same education system, as well as the attention that may or may not be paid to remediation ; at the micro level, we deal with the issue of corrective feedback which students receive on their written production. By crossing these different sources (legal provisions, interviews, surveys, analysis of students’ annotated written production, etc.), we conclude that this practice may present major risks of inequality.La copie d’expression écrite certificative est un support qui a pour fonction, théoriquement du moins, d’informer chaque élève sur sa performance dans cette compétence à un moment t, et de l’aider à comprendre ses erreurs pour qu’il puisse, in fine,
progresser dans son apprentissage. Dans cet article, nous analysons la copie certificative à travers différents prismes. Au niveau macro, nous abordons les réformes du système éducatif en matière d’évaluation ; au niveau méso, nous ciblons les outils d’évaluation proposés par ce même système, ainsi que la place qu’y occupe, ou pas, la remédiation ; au niveau micro,
nous traitons le problème des types de feedbacks correctifs qui sont fournis à l’élève sur sa copie d’expression écrite. Le croisement de différentes sources (prescrits légaux, entretiens, enquêtes, analyse de copies annotées…) nous conduit à penser que ce support présente des risques importants d’inégalité.Noiroux Kevin, Simons Germain. La copie d’expression écrite certificative en langue étrangère : un support équitable ? Le cas de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. In: Spirale. Revue de recherches en éducation, n°55, 2015. Supports et pratiques d’enseignement : quels risques d’inégalités ? sous la direction de Stéphane Bonnéry, Jacques Crinon et Germain Simons. pp. 105-117
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Les élèves face aux outils pédagogiques : quels risques d'inégalités ?
No full textCe numéro envisage les outils pédagogiques (manuels, fiches, albums, carnets d’écriture…) en tant que supports de l’activité intellectuelle qu’ils sollicitent, comme des intermédiaires entre les évolutions curriculaires, les pratiques des enseignants et celles des élèves lorsqu’ils y sont confrontés. Les outils pédagogiques écrits ont connu des évolutions importantes et se caractérisent aujourd’hui souvent par leur complexité et leur hétérogénéité. Leur étude permet de s’interroger sur les dispositions attendues des apprenants. Elle renvoie à une évolution des formes de littératie scolaire et des exigences auxquelles sont soumis les élèves à travers la prégnance de l’environnement écrit dans la classe. Ces exigences peuvent mettre en difficulté de manière sélective les élèves que leur socialisation familiale a le moins familiarisés avec les attentes de l’école en la matière lorsque les enseignants, pas toujours conscients des difficultés des élèves, considèrent leur usage comme transparent et allant de soi. C’est pourquoi l’analyse didactique et/ou sociologique de ce que les supports écrits contraignent ou laissent possible et de l’utilisation qui en est faite par les élèves, possède un fort enjeu en termes de compréhension des sources d’inégalités dans les apprentissages et potentiellement, en vue de la réduction de celles-ci. This special issue looks at pedagogical tools (textbooks, worksheets, albums, notebooks…) as supports of the intellectual activities that they demand, serving as intermediaries between the curriculum evolutions, as well as teachers’ and student’s practices when they use them. These written pedagogical tools have considerably evolved and are now often characterized by their complexity and heterogeneity. Their study allows us to question learners’ expected abilities. It refers to an evolution of the forms of school literacy and of the demands with which students must cope through the frequent use of writing in class. These demands can selectively affect the students whose family did not prepare them to meet the implicit demands of the school, especially when teachers, not always aware of students’ difficulties, regard the use of these tools as transparent and straightforward. This is why the didactic and/or sociological analysis of what written tools force or allow and how students use them can shed light on sources of learning inequality and potentially on how to reduce them
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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