1,720,958 research outputs found
THERMODYNAMICS, BARODYNAMICS AND HORODYNAMICS
Get PDFThe author offers horodynamics for deep subterranean systems (like hydrocarbon reservoirs) as an alternative to thermodynamics and barodinamics.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF GEO-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN THE VIEW OF SYNERGETIC THEORY OF INFORMATION
Get PDFWith the synergetic theory of information the author has estimated the chaos and order of hydro and naphthene geo-ecological systems. It was shown that during formation of oil from the mantle fluid entropy increases and syntropy decreases. For oil the function is R ? 1. This indicates that the oil is self-generated inside the trap towards the direction of sustainable equilibrium
THE MICHAEL REACTION IN THE MODEL DOUBLE-PHASE SYSTEM «OIL-WATER»
Get PDFThe kinetics of reaction between water-soluble N-[three(hydroxymethyl)methyl)acrylamide(TA) and oil-soluble decylamine (DA) in double-phase water-heptane system in the absence and presence of surfactant is studied as a “water-oil” model. It is shown that with increasing interfacial surface and mixing rate the rate of reaction also increases. It is established that the product of TA+DA reaction doesn’t dissolve in water and in heptane. During the reaction with the increasing product’s concentration at the slow mixing rate the product distributes between water and heptane. This is the “chemical sandwich” and the product of reaction has the fractal structure
ABIOGENOUS ORGANIC MATTER IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Get PDFStudies of the recent years have shown that the Universe is so diverse and unique, that in its vast spaces one can find more and more chemical reactions considered impossible in space before. Convincing evidence for the theory of inorganic origin of oil on Earth is the presence of carbon, including its organic forms, in the near space - in meteorites, Solar System planets, their satellites, where no biogenic substances are present. The temperature in the Solar System ranges from -38 K to 700K. It was established that methane had been discovered in the atmosphere of planets of the Solar System - Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. It is shown that the satellite Titan has methane seas. On Pluto and its moons, as well as on the Neptune’s satellite Triton methane is found in the solid state. It is shown that the organic substances are also formed at low temperatures
ORGANIC OIL COMPONENTS OF METEORITES AND COMETS
No full textEvidentiary basis of the abiogenic petroleum origin (on Earth) theory is the presence of carbon, including its organic forms, in meteorites and comets, where no biogenic substances are present. It is shown that normal and branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, isoprenoids, pristine and fistine, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl benzenes, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, carboxylic acids, pyrimidines, purines, gunilmochevina, porphyrins, aminoacids have been found in meteorites. Among the organic substances identified in the methanol extract taken from the Murchison meteorite the authors have discovered molecules that have an average formula C100H155O20N3S3. As for the Chelyabinsk meteorite, among the gases revealed in the course of degassing at 343K there were methane, ethane, propane, butane, heptane, hexane, ethene, propene, and pentene. In the comet dust of the comet 81P / Wild 2 there were found methylamine, ethylamine, and glycine. In the comet 67P / Churyumov-Gerasimenko molecules of acetone, propanal, formaldehyde and methyl isocyanate were found; on the surface of the comet presence of the polymer molecules was shown. It is shown that the organic substances in comets and meteorites are also formed at low temperatures; at high temperatures the transformation of organic compounds towards the formation of substances with a high isobaric potential is observed
ORGANIC MATTER IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
Get PDFThe composition of interstellar clouds revealed the presence of 200 different molecules and particles, most of which are organic in natur, being integral elements of oil. It is shown that the interstellar medium consists of interstellar gas, dust, interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays, and dark matter. Interstellar dust contains water ice, silicates, graphite, olivine, oxides and sulfides of metals. On the top it is covered by the shell of the frozen gas. Temperature of dust in the interstellar space is around 10-20K. It is demonstrated that at low temperatures the organic substances are formed on the surface of dust particles many times faster than at the room temperature. It is discussed that the cause of acceleration at low temperatures for gas phase reactions is the quantum tunneling, while for solid-state reactions -mechanism such as a traveling wave phenomena
CHEMICAL PROCESSES OF ABIOTIC OIL FORMATION
Get PDFNumerous theoretical and experimental works regarding the theory of abiotic formation of oil and gas, including those written in recent years by various authors, are considered in the article. The equations of chemical reactions for every hypothesis of abiotic oil formation aregiven. It is shown that the oil is formed in the bowels of the Earth from the deep mantle fl uids and is a renewable resource
AMINES REACTIVITY CRITERIA
Get PDFThe parameters characterizing the reactivity of amines in non-radical and radical reactions which are often used in the correlation analysis are discussed. It is shown that the ionization potential of amine I correlates with the basicity of pKB, with affinity of the amine to the proton in the gas phase (PA)g, with anodic oxidation potential of amine relative to a saturated calomel electrode EP, with Svein-Scott nucleophilicity parameter n, with dipole moment μ, with Taft’s substituent constant σ and with nitrogen charge in the molecule of amine qN. In order to express the activity of the secondary amine in the reactions with the unsaturated compounds for the fi rst time the multi-parameter empirical correlation equation, including ionization potential of amine, its basicity, steric factor of deputy and the dipole moment, is offere
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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