1,721,248 research outputs found
Voci e silenzi della Garzaia.
No full textDescrizione della garzaia, delle principali specie animali e vegetali, descrizione del paesaggio sonoro della garzaia e delle specie canore caratteristiche con CD allegato
Arithmetic in newborn chicks
Full text linkNewly hatched domestic chicks were reared with five identical objects. On days 3 or 4, chicks underwent
free-choice tests in which sets of three and two of the five original objects disappeared (either
simultaneously or one by one), each behind one of two opaque identical screens. Chicks spontaneously
inspected the screen occluding the larger set (experiment 1). Results were confirmed under conditions
controlling for continuous variables (total surface area or contour length; experiment 2). In the third
experiment, after the initial disappearance of the two sets (first event, FE), some of the objects were visibly
transferred, one by one, from one screen to the other (second event, SE). Thus, computation of a series of
subsequent additions or subtractions of elements that appeared and disappeared, one by one, was needed
in order to perform the task successfully. Chicks spontaneously chose the screen, hiding the larger number
of elements at the end of the SE, irrespective of the directional cues provided by the initial (FE) and final
(SE) displacements. Results suggest impressive proto-arithmetic capacities in the young and relatively
inexperienced chicks of this precocial species
The effect of dexamethasone on the occurrence and ultrastructure of rodlet cells in goldfish
No full textIn the bulbus arteriosus of goldfish Carassius auratus a subendothelial ‘reticular space’ was comprised of reticular-like cells, neutrophils, medium-sized granular leucocytes, phagocytes, endothelial cells and reticulo-endothelial cells; herein, rodlet cells (RCs) accumulated and probably matured. Four classes of RCs were identified: (1) Those occurring in the reticular space and contacting reticular-like cells; (2) those present in the reticular space contacting reticular-like and endothelial cells; here the RCs were discharging; (3) those occurring in the bulbar lumen anchored to lining endothelial cells or other RCs; (4) those free in the bulbar lumen. There was no significant difference in the number of RCs among control and saline- and dexamethasone-treated fish, but significant differences were found in RCs' class partition and in their discharge modality. In dexamethasone-treated goldfish class (3) RCs were almost absent (2%v. 10% of the other experimental groups), moreover 35% of the RCs developed a ‘bleb’ discharge modality rather than the most typical ‘koronenartigen konfiguration’ which developed in the vast majority (90%) of the other experimental groups.[...
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A framework for the assessment of seismic damage scenarios in the Emilia Romagna region, Italy
No full textIn the immediate aftermath of an earthquake, it is essential that emergency plans and damage scenarios are available so that civil protection agencies and risk-management organizations can detect and contain critical situations. These tools rely on the knowledge of the specific features of the potentially affected area, both in terms of intrinsic characteristics (e.g. morphology, near surface geology, etc.) and of elements at risk (e.g. building typologies, population distribution, etc.). All these pieces of information are combined in seismic-risk or damage scenario assessment procedures. This paper presents a framework developed for estimating seismic damage scenarios for the Emilia Romagna region in Northern Italy. Models for estimating ground-motion shake maps, based on regional attenuation relationships, spatial correlation models and soil data are first presented. These maps, which are computed considering different ground-motion intensity measures, are then combined with data on the spatial distribution of buildings, and fragility models. In order to consider the different sources of uncertainty, i.e. ground-motion intensity, definition of the fragility models, etc., a Monte Carlo simulation approach is used for estimating the distribution of buildings with different damage levels in each municipality. Finally, the paper presents comparisons with damage data observed after the 2012 Emilia earthquake
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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