1,720,985 research outputs found
Antarctic: Persistent Organic Pollutants and Environmental Health in the Region
No full textAntarctica is considered of crucial importance for the ecological equilibrium of the Earth, the global climate, the freshwater mass balance, the global ecosystem equilibrium including human health. The Antarctic ecosystems are very fragile and show low resilience capacity; small environmental alterations can cause dramatic consequences, often irreversible, that may impact the Earth equilibrium. The knowledge of levels and patterns of contaminants is necessary to understand the risk for organisms, including humans, and it is very important for evaluating the global environmental health and other possible consequences at a global scale. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and new contaminants (e.g., novel flame retardants, plastics including micro- and nano-plastics) can be found in Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean, despite their remoteness and geographical isolation. In this regions of the Earth, the extreme weather conditions largely affect the ecosystem structure and functioning. Moreover, the global change may affect contaminant dispersion and distribution in ecosystems by increasing their mobilization, the ice melting, and the following release of contaminants trapped in it, letting them becoming available again for bioaccumulation. The increasing tourism in the region can be a further pollution source. This article aims to provide background information on levels and patterns of contaminants in the Antarctic ecosystems, including comparisons among areas and species, and temporal trends. The POPs under considerations were pesticides [e.g., aldrin, chlordanes, dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, endrin, HCB, mirex, heptachlor, toxaphenes], industrial chemicals (PCBs, PBDEs), and by-products [polychlorinated-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated-furans (PCDFs)]. Furthermore, the concentration of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQs) was also reported, when available, to estimate the risk for organisms
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Studio del profilo storico degli impatti umani mediante analisi granulometriche e eco-tossicologiche dei sedimenti: il caso del Canale di Ritorno a Mare nella piana di Follonica - Scarlino
No full textkoamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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