134 research outputs found
EPB894334 Supplemental Material1 - Supplemental material for Assessing geographical representativeness of crowdsourced urban mobility data: An empirical investigation of Australian bicycling
No full textSupplemental material, EPB894334 Supplemental Material1 for Assessing geographical representativeness of crowdsourced urban mobility data: An empirical investigation of Australian bicycling by Scott N Lieske, Simone Z Leao, Lindsey Conrow and Chris Pettit in EPB: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
EPB894334 Supplemental Material2 - Supplemental material for Assessing geographical representativeness of crowdsourced urban mobility data: An empirical investigation of Australian bicycling
No full textSupplemental material, EPB894334 Supplemental Material2 for Assessing geographical representativeness of crowdsourced urban mobility data: An empirical investigation of Australian bicycling by Scott N Lieske, Simone Z Leao, Lindsey Conrow and Chris Pettit in EPB: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
<b>Supplemental Material – Developing urban biking typologies: Quantifying the complex interactions of bicycle ridership, bicycle network and built environment characteristics</b>
No full textSupplemental Material for Developing urban biking typologies: Quantifying the complex interactions of bicycle ridership, bicycle network and built environment characteristics by Ben Beck, Meghan Winters, Trisalyn Nelson, Chris Pettit, Simone Z Leao, Meead Saberi, Jason Thompson, Sachith Seneviratne, Kerry Nice and Mark Stevenson in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
Humour, baroque and nature: the image of the dawn in the Somavallīyogānandaprahasana
No full textThe Somavallīyogānanda of Aruṇagirinātha Diṇḍima is one of the many unpublished prahasanas, dated approximately to the 15th century CE. Although it cannot be considered a dignified example of the comic genre compared to the first testimonies, this work presents many elements of lively interest. After an examination of the details connected with Diṇḍima, an almost unknown author of theatre and poetry, the paper will offer first impressions after a preliminary reading of some verses. The few examined portions concern the representation of the dawn at the beginning of the farce; an analysis of several natural images will be presented, their contents and structure, from which some considerations about Aruṇagirinātha’s poetry and his descriptive skills will be offered
Mapping Potential Risk for Housing Damage from Ground Movement Due to Climate Change
No full textThe performance of footings in residential construction is influenced by the degree of ground movement, particularly in reactive soils, which is driven by the magnitude of change in soil moisture. New patterns of climate are affecting residential foundations and causing serious and expensive damage.This paper produces a map of potential risk for housing damage from ground movement due to climate change. Using a geographic information system, it combines information on (1) soil moisture change related to climate, using TMI as the indicator, and (2) population growth. Preliminary results, having Victoria, Australia, in the last decade as the case study, suggest that effects of climate change on soil, and resulting impacts on house foundations, are not being taken into consideration in current planning strategies for urban development. Most of the urban growth priority zones in the study area are susceptible to medium and high risk for damage. Producing new and renovated buildings that are durable in the long term is essential for the economy, environment and social welfare. The map presented here can assist policies and strategies towards urban resilience in the context of climate change
ustralia
No full textGeographer C. W. Thornthwaite proposed in 1948 a moisture index called Thornthwaite Moisture Index (TMI) as part of a water balance model for a new classification system for climate. The importance of TMI climatic classification has been recognised in many areas of knowledge and practice worldwide over the last 60 years. However, although past climate research was focused on developing adequate methods for climate classification, current research is more concerned with understanding the patterns of climate change. The use of TMI as an indicator for climate change is still an incipient area of research. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, it is to fully document a methodology based on geostatistics adopted to produce a time series of TMI maps that are accurate and have high spatial resolution. The state of Victoria, in Australia, over the last century, is used as the case study. Second, by analysing these maps, the paper presents a general evaluation of the spatial patterns found in Victoria related to moisture variability across space and over time. Some potential implications of the verified moisture changes are discussed, and a number of ideas for further development are suggested
Uma análise sistêmica das transformações de uso do solo como suporte à decisão para o planejamento de Unidades de Conservação. Estudo de caso: Parque Nacional do Superagui - PR
No full textOs estudos realizados sobre Unidades de Conservação, e a relação destas Unidades com a população que as habita, trataram em sua maioria dos aspectos antropo-sociológicos da questão. Visto que um aspecto essencial para uma melhor compreensão da questão das populações tradicionais e Unidades de Conservação, contudo pouco explorado, é o processo de mudanças de uso do solo nas regiões em que se inserem estas Unidades, esta pesquisa teve como pretensão preencher esta lacuna. Para tal, são analisadas as transformações de uso do solo em regiões com Unidades de Conservação ambiental e comunidades tradicionais nelas inseridas dentro da realidade brasileira, a fim de melhor compreender suas inter-relações, assim como as implicações de políticas de preservação ambiental incidentes nestas áreas. Esta análise se dá através de modelos de mudança de uso do solo, que são artifícios científicos com estrutura matemática e computacional para apoio ao Planejamento e Gestão Urbana e Regional, e que permitem a análise das causas e das conseqüências da dinâmica dos usos do solo, e quando cenários são utilizados, podem ainda dar suporte ao estabelecimento de políticas e ações de planejamento. Optou-se pela utilização de um sistema de modelagem espaço-temporal integrando um sistema de informações geográficas e um modelo de autômatos celulares como ferramenta de análise das mudanças de uso do solo, incrementado pela análise de demandas pela cadeia de Markov, e com cálculo de preferências de alocação de usos do solo através da Regressão Logística. Procede-se nesta pesquisa a uma avaliação das tendências de uso do solo no Parque Nacional do Superagui, localizado no litoral norte do Estado do Paraná, enquanto estudo de caso. As tendências de uso apresentadas entre os períodos de 1980 e 1990, período anterior à implementação da lei que transformou a área em Parque Nacional, e que poderia ser traduzida como a tendência natural destas comunidades sem a interferência das políticas, são trabalhadas com vista a demonstrar o papel da modelagem na compreensão de realidades, e fornecer embasamento para intervenções pretendidas
Forma urbana e tipo de uso do solo como fatores determinantes para a geração de áreas urbanas impermeáveis
No full textO impacto ambiental da urbanização através da crescente impermeabilização das superfícies e da inadequação da ocupação urbana às características naturais do sítio traduz um significativo aumento de eventos de enchentes em todos os centros urbanos mundiais. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar a forma urbana e o tipo de uso do solo como fatores que caracterizam os impactos hidrológicos, considerando que estes são condicionantes que determinam o surgimento de áreas urbanas impermeáveis. Para realizar esta pesquisa, toma-se como objeto de estudo a cidade de Canoas (RS), selecionando 13 áreas urbanas pertencentes ao município, conforme o zoneamento urbano estabelecido pelo plano diretor municipal, que representam diversos tipos de ocupação, de uso do solo, de densidades e de configuração da forma urbana. A metodologia envolve a manipulação de dados provenientes da base digital cartográfica municipal, do levantamento censitário, das fotografias aéreas e das determinações do zoneamento municipal e do plano diretor. Estes dados são integrados através de um sistema de informações geográficas (SIG), permitindo a produção de dados relativos à forma urbana e ao uso do solo das unidades de estudo, para a posterior análise da relação destas informações com os níveis de impermeabilidade. Por meio destas análises são construídos cenários alternativos visando a mitigação da impermeabilidade nas unidades de análise. As principais constatações obtidas pelos resultados mostraram que: (i) as relações entre a forma urbana, uso do solo e impermeabilidade devem ser avaliadas simultaneamente com outros fatores que influenciam este fenômeno, como legislação urbana, tipos de ocupação, densidades urbanas e padrões culturais e socioeconômicos; (ii) Os cenários alternativos mostram efeitos moderados para minimizar a geração de áreas impermeáveis, através de medidas associadas à presença de áreas verdes nos loteamentos, ao controle da impermeabilização no lote e à reconfiguração da pavimentação das calçadas, atingindo médias de redução da impermeabilidade de 8.74%, 13.91% e 5.70% respectivamente. Por fim, considerando as conclusões acerca dos itens avaliados, as relações entre os resultados obtidos, as constatações dos cenários alternativos e as determinações expostas por outros estudos neste âmbito, a dissertação finaliza sugerindo parâmetros para projetos de loteamentos residenciais em áreas urbanas, com o objetivo de buscar um menor nível de impermeabilização na sua implantação.The environmental impact of urbanization due to the surface impervious growing and inadequacy of urban occupation induces to a significant increase of inundation events in every urban centers around the world. Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the urban form and the land use types as factors that characterizes the hydrological impacts and determinates the urban impervious areas. It is taken as case study 13 urban areas pertaining to Canoas City, Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil). The land use municipal law is considered for selecting these analysis units, taking examples of several types of land cover, land use, urban densities and urban form. The methodology involves the manipulation of municipal digital cartographic base, census data, aerial photographs and information about municipal urban laws. These data is integrated using geographic information system toolbox. This process allowed a production of the unit analysis output data related with the urban form and the land use, in order to study the connection with impervious level. Through the output data, alternative scenarios are developed in order to minimize the impervious level in the analysis units. The main conclusions from the results show: (i) the relations between the urban form, the land use and the impervious surfaces must simultaneously be evaluated with others factors that influence this phenomenon, namely, urban law, land use type, urban densities and culture and socioeconomic patterns; (ii) The alternative scenarios show moderate effects to minimize the impervious cover generation. Through strategies associated with presence of green areas, lot impervious control and sidewalk cover design, the impervious reduction average in analysis units is 8.74, 13.91 and 5.70% respectively. Finally, this research suggests some urban planning parameters, considering the results from analysis data, the relation between these results, the alternative scenarios output and the information exposed by additional studies about urban impervious cover. These parameters intends to help the urban settlement planning, reaching the lower impervious cover level in its implementation
Targeting and measuring housing problems in developing countries through urban texture analysis
No full textLatin-american countries passed from predominantely rural to predominantely urban within few decades. The level of urbanisation in Brazil progressed from 36% in 1950, 50% in 1970, and scalating to 85% in 2005. This rapid transformation resulted in many social problems, as cities were not able to provide appropriate housing and infrastructure for the growing population. As a response, the Brazilian Ministry for Cities, in 2005, created the National System for Social Housing, with the goal to establish guidelines in the Federal level, and build capacity and fund social housing projects in the State and Local levels. This paper presents a research developed in Gramado city, Brazil, as part of the Local Social Housing Plan process, with the goal to produce innovative tools to help social housing planning and management. It proposes and test a methodology to locate and characterise/rank housing defficiencies across the city combining GIS and fractal geometry analysis. Fractal measurements, such as fractal dimension and lacunarity, are able to differentiate urban morphology, and integrated to infrastructure and socio-economical spatial indicators, they can be used to estimate housing problems and help to target, classify and schedule actions to improve housing in cities and regions. Gramado city was divided in a grid with 1,000 cells. For each cell, the following indicators were measured: average income of households, % of roads length which are paved (as a proxy for availability of infrastructures as water and sewage), fractal dimension and lacunarity of the dwellings spatial distribution. A statistical model combining those measurements was produced using a sample of 10% of the cells divided in five housing standards (from high income/low density dwellings to slum's dwellings). The estimation of the location and level of social housing deficiencies in the whole region using the model, compared to the real situation, achived high correlations. Simple and based on easily accessible and inexpensive data, the method also helped to overcome limitations of lack of information and fragmented knowledge of the area related to housing conditions by local professionals
Mapping Co2 emission from commuting in regional Australia : greater Geelong case study
No full textCommuting to work is one of the most important and regular routines of urban transportation. From a geographic perspective, the length of people's commute is influenced, to some degree, by the spatial separation of their home and workplace and the transport infrastructure. The rise of car ownership in Australia has been accompanied by a considerable decrease of public transport use. Increased personal mobility has fuelled the trend of decentralised housing development, mostly without a clear planning for local employment, or alternative means of transportation. As a result, the urban patterns of regional Australia is formed by a complex network of a multitude of small towns, scattered in relatively large areas, which are totally dependent and polarized by few medium and large cities. Such hierarchical and dispersed geographical structure implies significant carbon dioxide emissions from transportation. Transport sector accounts for 14% of Australia's net greenhouse gas emissions, and without further policy action, they are projected to continue to increase. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of incorporating urban climate understanding and knowledge into urban planning processes in order to develop cities that are more sustainable. A GIS-based gravity model is employed to examine the travel patterns related to hierarchical and geographical urban region networks, and the derived total carbon emissions, using the Greater Geelong region as a case study. The new challenges presented by climate change bring with them opportunities. In order to fully reach the very challenging targets of carbon reduction in Australia an integrated and strategic vision for urban and regional planning is necessary
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