1,720,959 research outputs found
The policy problem: The causes and consequences of food loss and waste
No full textThis chapter investigates the causes and consequences of FLW, providing an extensive literature review that offers several insights into where FLW is produced and why. The chapter analyses micro-, meso and macro-level causes across the food supply chain. The impact of FLW is mainly analysed in terms of sustainability and food security. As for environmental consequences, it provides a thorough investigation of FLW’s impacts on greenhouse gas emissions, depletion of blue water and landfill disposal. Finally, the chapter provides an analysis of the complex interactions between FLW and food security, showing that positive outcomes following FLW reduction are not guaranteed
Reducing food loss in rural development projects. Examples from IFAD’s investments
No full textIFAD does not explicity identify reduction of food losses and waste within its strategic framework or streategic objectives. Yet, several IFAD investments take concrete actions to tackle this form of inefficiency and pull beneficiaries towards a more sustainable approach for food processing, distribution and consumption at different points of the food supply chain. This chapter presents the lessons learned, contextualizing within broader objectives including of food system transformation, across the regions where IFAD operates. The chapter concludes with a set of policy recommendation for programme designers and implementers
Mitigating barriers to surplus food donation in Italian retail and food service
No full textThe chapter discusses a policy adopted in Milan to enhance food recovery and redistribution from retailers and canteens. Retail and food service operators of higher income countries are in a favourable position to engage intensively with corporate donations, but they experience a few operational and managerial barriers. A literature review and semi-structured interviews with actors involved in FR&R highlight the problems related to the short residual shelf life of products, mismatches between recovery activities and existing processes, high recovery costs, the lack of knowledge about regulations, the risk of food mismanagement, and the variability of surplus food demand. To overcome these barriers, a partnership that gathers the Milan municipality, business players, non-profit food aid organisations, and a research advisory partner has conceived the so-called Neighbourhood Hubs Against Food Waste policy. The partnership designs and manages a hub where surplus food donations from local retailers and food service operators are collected and distributed to a network of neighbourhood beneficiaries. Also, based on the 2019-2020 pilot hub, the chapter identifies the organisational characteristics and operational processes of the collaborative network that smooth the barriers to donation
Food Loss and Waste Policy: From Theory to Practice
No full textThis book examines policy responses to food waste and loss, an issue of significant, global concern, with one-third of food produced for human consumption lost or wasted.
Investigating food waste and loss under an interdisciplinary lens, the contributors employ a variety of methodological approaches, including quantitative and qualitative techniques, drawing on in-depth case studies and action research. The volume is organised into four parts: Understanding Food Loss and Waste, International Programmes, National Policies and Local Initiatives. The first part introduces the reader to the concept of food loss and waste, how it can be measured, its causes and consequences, and how it can be reduced. The second part is dedicated to international and cross-country case studies, with six chapters reviewing national policies implemented in France, Italy, Romania, Japan, China and the United States. In Part Four, three chapters are dedicated to local food recovery and redistribution initiatives. By focusing on different territories and different levels of governance, the book provides a detailed evaluation of food loss and waste policies, the barriers and opportunities of implementing the policies, as well as the impact they are actually having. The chapters are both descriptive and evaluative and draw out lessons for designing, implementing and reforming programmes.
This book will be of great interest to students and scholars working on food waste, food policy, sustainable food systems, agricultural production and supply chains and public policy, as well as policymakers involved with developing and implementing programmes and policies to regulate and reduce food waste and loss
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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