384 research outputs found
DEUTSCHE AFRIKA KORPS: Peranan Field Marshal Erwin Rommel dalam Perang Dunia II di Afrika Utara 1941-1943
No full textLatar belakang penelitian ini dikarenakan ketertarikan penulis akan suasana Perang Dunia II di Afrika Utara yang mempunyai ciri khas tersendiri dibanding pertempuran lainnya yang terjadi selama Perang Dunia II berlangsung. Masalah utama yang dibahas dalam skripsi ini adalah ‘bagaimana peranan Field Marshal Erwin Rommel dalam Perang Dunia II di Afrika Utara?’. Masalah utama ini kemudian dijabarkan kedalam beberapa pernyataan penelitian, yakni (1) bagaimana latar belakang keterlibatan Jerman dalam pertempuran di Afrika Utara 1941-1943?, (2) apa yang melatarbelakangi Jerman menunjuk Field Marshal Erwin Rommel untuk memimpin Deutsche Afrika Korps?, (3) bagaimana proses pertempuran yang dipimpin Field Marshal Erwin Rommel di Afrika Utara 1941-943?, (4) Bagaimana akhir dari pertempuran Jerman pada Perang Dunia II di Afrika Utara 1941-1943? Metode yang digunakan adalah metode historis meliputi pengumpulan sumber, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Untuk memperdalam analisis, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan interdisipliner melalui kajian ilmu sosiologi, militer dan politik dengan menggunakan konsep-konsep seperti peran, status, perang, serta menggunakan teori konflik Lewis A. Coser dan teori geopolitik Karl Haushoffer. Deutsche Afrika Korps dibentuk akibat keterlibatan Jerman dalam pertempuran di Afrika Utara. Keterlibatan Jerman di Afrika Utara disebabkan karena Afrika Utara memiliki arti penting bagi Jerman karena memiliki Terusan Suez dan benteng Gibraltar. Selain itu hubungan Italia-Jerman yang merupakan blok Poros akibat perjanjian Pakta Baja dan Pakta Tripartit membuat Jerman harus terlibat dalam pertempuran. Deutsche Afrika Korps ini dipimpin oleh Field Marshal Erwin Rommel yang dipercayai oleh Hitler karena kepimpinannya dan kepopulerannya dikalangan pasukan Jerman. Rommel memiliki peranan yang sangat penting ketika Jerman membantu Italia di Afrika Utara. Taktik dan strategi Rommel yang jenius membuat Sekutu kewalahan. Strategi yang digunakan diantaranya membuat tank dari kayu untuk mengelabui musuh dan juga memposisikan Flak 88mm dalam bentuk U untuk menjebak tank musuh dalam jebakannya. Proses pertempuran di Afrika Utara ini diawali ketika Rommel mendarat di Tripoli dengan langsung melakukan ofensif mendesak Sekutu menuju perbatasan Libya-Mesir. Selain itu juga Rommel mendapatkan perlawanan dari Sekutu yang melakukan beberapa operasi yang bertujuan untuk memukul mundur Jerman dari Afrika Utara. Operasi tersebut diantaranya operasi Brevity, operasi Battleaxe dan operasi Crusader. Perlawanan Rommel berakhir ketika kekalahan Jerman di El Alamein yang disebabkan faktor kurangnya logistik dan ketidakseimbangan kuantitas pasukan yang dimiliki antara Poros dan Sekutu di El Alamein. Kekalahan Jerman di El Alamein merupakan salah satu turning point bagi Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II ini dan mengubah arah berlangsungnya perang kedepannya.
The reason of research because author interested with World War II situation in Northern Africa that have characterized be compared another war in World War II. The main problem to discuss in this research is “ How Field Marshal Erwin Rommel role in the World War II in Northern Africa?”. The main problem divided into four research questions, (1) what the purpose Germany includes in battle of Northern Africa 1941-1943?, (2) what the reason Germany choose Field Marshal Erwin Rommel to led Deutsche Afrika Korps?, (3) what is the process that led Field Marshal Erwin Rommel in Northern Africa 1941-1943?, (4) how to end the Germany battle in the World War II in Northern Afrika 1941-1943?. The research uses historic methodology involved Heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. To deepen the analysis, researcher uses interdisciplinary approach through the study sociology, military, and politics with concept and theory like role, status, war, conflict theory from Lewis A. Coser, and geopolitical theory from Karl Haushoffer. Deutsche Afrika Korps formed as result of Germany includes in Battle of Northern Africa. Germany involvement in Northern Africa due to Northern Africa has significance for Germany because have Suez Canal and Fort Gibraltar. In addtion, the relation between Germany and Italy who where Axis due to Agreement Steel Pact and Tripartit Pact makes Germany must includes in the battle. Deutsche Afrika Korps is led by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel and believed Hitler because leadership and popularity among the Germany Troops. Rommel has a very important role when Germany helped Italy in Northern Africa. Tactics and strategy genius Rommel make allied overwhelmed. The strategy used them made of wood tanks to trick enemy and Flak 88m in form U to trap enemy tanks. The process battle in Northern Africa begins when Rommel landed in Tripoli and makes offensive to push Allied towards Libya-Egypt border. It also Rommel get resistance from Allied who perform several operations aimed at repelling Germany of Northern Africa. Such operations include Brevity Operation, Battleaxe Operation, and Crusader Operation. Rommel resistance ended when Germany defeat in El Alamein due to lack of logistical factors and troops possessed imbalance quantity between Axis and Allied. The defeat of Germany in El Alamein is one of turning point for Allied in World War and changing the direction of war in the future
“Honorable men”: Robert E. Lee, Erwin Rommel, and the Memory and Forgetting of Defeat and Guilt
No full textIn October 2017, White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly criticized those who wanted to bring down statues of Confederate General Robert E. Lee, defending him as “an honorable man.” Geraldo Rivera also took part in the heated debate about Confederate monuments: “#RobertELee is a lot like #ErwinRommel a glorious yet failed warrior, untarnished by the sins of his brothers.” With his tweet the Fox News commentator and former talk show host responded to a Twitter post by the economist and columnist Paul Krugman who had asked: “On statues of Robert E. Lee: what would we think if German towns put up statues of Erwin Rommel, also a good general serving a vile cause?” This article looks at the larger debate about the Lost Cause and the history and memory of slavery and the Civil War in a case study focusing on Robert E. Lee, trying to raise some larger questions of memory and forgetting through a comparison with Erwin Rommel. The article analyzes the special places Southern General Robert E. Lee and Feldmarschall Erwin Rommel have occupied in the memories of the American Civil War and World War II, respectively. It will argue that to find something honorable in all the evil of lost wars that were fought for the wrong ends can be regarded as an individual and collective way to deal with pain, guilt, and defeat. Part of this is honoring the soldiers and their sacrifices, focus on famous battles, and celebrate distinguished generals while ignoring and “forgetting” what the real goals of these wars had been. Today, both Rommel and Lee have been pushed off their pedestals, in the case of Lee statues even literally. But the fact that Lee and Rommel have been glorified as honorable, loyal, and patriotic military men also by those who were their opponents/enemies makes this comparison even more interesting, because it cannot be explained by a collective amnesia in order to suppress and forget guilt and crimes. In connection with remembering, the author argues, it is also important to take a closer look at the different functions of “forgetting” that have been described by Aleida Assmann and other scholars, especially at what Assmann calls “complicit” and “constructive” forms of forgetting. Both examples show that these types of forgetting protected perpetrators, helped shape a selective historical narrative, and were also important in new beginnings and reconstruction after a catastrophic defeat
Single-step digital backpropagation for nonlinearity mitigation
No full textNonlinearity mitigation based on the enhanced split-step Fourier method (ESSFM) for the implementation of low-complexity digital backpropagation (DBP) is investigated and experimentally demonstrated. After reviewing the main computational aspects of DBP and of the conventional split-step Fourier method (SSFM), the ESSFM for dual-polarization signals is introduced. Computational complexity, latency, and power consumption of DBP based on the SSFM and ESSFM algorithms are estimated and compared. Effective low-complexity nonlinearity mitigation in a 112 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed QPSK system is experimentally demonstrated by using a single-step DBP based on the ESSFM. The proposed DBP implementation requires only a single step of the ESSFM algorithm to achieve a transmission distance of 3200 km over a dispersion-unmanaged link. In comparison, a conventional DBP implementation requires 20 steps of the SSFM algorithm to achieve the same performance. An analysis of the computational complexity and structure of the two algorithms reveals that the overall complexity and power consumption of DBP are reduced by a factor of 16 with respect to a conventional implementation, while the computation time is reduced by a factor of 20. Similar complexity reductions can be obtained at longer distances if higher error probabilities are acceptable. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm enables a practical and effective implementation of DBP in real-time optical receivers, with only a moderate increase in the computational complexity, power consumption, and latency with respect to a simple feed-forward equalizer for bulk dispersion compensation
Coherent 100G nonlinear compensation with single-step digital backpropagation
No full textEnhanced-SSFM digital backpropagation (DBP) is experimentally demonstrated and compared to conventional DBP. A 112 Gb/s PM-QPSK signal is transmitted over a 3200km dispersion-unmanaged link. The intradyne coherent receiver includes single-step digital backpropagation based on the enhanced- SSFM algorithm. In comparison, conventional DBP requires twenty steps to achieve the same performance. An analysis of the computational complexity and structure of the two algorithms reveals that the overall complexity and power consumption of DBP are reduced by a factor of 16 with respect to a conventional implementation, while the computation time is reduced by a factor of 20. As a result, the proposed algorithm enables a practical and effective implementation of DBP in real-time optical receivers, with only a moderate increase of the computational complexity, power consumption, and latency with respect to a simple feed-forward equalizer for dispersion compensation
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type IV pilus and resistance to the antimicrobial properties of surfactant protein-A
No full textThe lung contains numerous innate immune cells and effector proteins. One important component of this immune system is the surfactant protein-A (SP-A), which facilitates microbial clearance by opsonization and membrane permeabilization. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a major Gram-negative bacterial pathogen commonly associated with chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis. In order to resist the antibacterial effects of SP-A, PA expresses various structural and secreted virulence factors. Previously, Wu et al (2003) have shown that Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are important in resisting SP-A-mediated membrane permeabilization. Zhang et al (2005) performed a comparative signature-tagged mutagenesis screen to identify PA virulence factors needed to resist SP-A-mediated lung clearance, and identified PchA (isochorismate synthase) and PtsP (phosphoenolpyruvate protein phosphotransferase) as important for resisting SP-A-mediated membrane permeability. Zhang et al (2007) further showed that PA flagellum is important for resisting SP-A-mediated membrane permeabilization. Finally, Kuang et al (2011) have shown PA elastase degrades SP-A, allowing an avenue for PA to escape SP-A-mediated opsonization and membrane permeabilization.
In this study, we demonstrated that type IV pilus (Tfp) is important in the resistance of lung clearance both in the presence and absence of SP-A. The Tfp-deficient mutant, ΔpilA, is severely attenuated in an acute pneumonia model of infection in the lungs of wild-type mice that it allows similar bacterial load as PAO1 in the lungs of SP-A-/- mice. The ΔpilA bacteria are more susceptible to SP-A-mediated aggregation and opsonization. In addition, the integrity of the outer membranes of ΔpilA bacteria is compromised, rendering them more susceptible to SP-A-mediated membrane permeabilization. By using Tfp extension and retraction mutants, we demonstrate that the increased susceptibility of ΔpilA to SP-A-mediated opsonization is caused by the total absence of Tfp from PA cells. Finally, we provide evidence that increased expression of an 18 kDa nonpilus adhesin OprH in ΔpilA, may explain why there is an increased susceptibility to SP-A-mediated phagocytosis.
In addition, we also have shown that Tfp glycosylation with O-antigen subunits allows for increased resistance to SP-A. We have also shown the glycosyltransferase mutant, 1244G7, which is deficient in O-antigen, is more susceptible to SP-A-mediated lung clearance and phagocytosis, but not membrane permeability. Finally, we have shown that the increase susceptibility of 1244G7 is associated with exposure of putative mannose residues.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2013-09-23T20:00:12Z
Item was in collections:
University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
No. of bitstreams: 2
Rommel Tan PhD Thesis Dissertation.docx: 5359511 bytes, checksum: cedbfd036610c20ff942637fde162bad (MD5)
Rommel Tan PhD Thesis Dissertation.pdf: 1622691 bytes, checksum: d866a4a590e3d005b81d113f80a32d5a (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-16T18:25:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
Rommel Max_Tan.pdf: 1622969 bytes, checksum: 2884de0619c5ad0978bcb1c427d056a3 (MD5)
Rommel Tan PhD Thesis Dissertation.docx: 5360751 bytes, checksum: 48a75a50d7ae7af80847280f9d16f748 (MD5)
license.txt: 4061 bytes, checksum: 8301f21d5033576203961985671fb787 (MD5)Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:36:42-05:00
Original Data
Group with Access Administrator
Release Date: 2016-01-16 12:27:27 UTC
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemItem marked as restricted to the 'Administrator' Group (id=1) by Seth Robbins ([email protected]) on 2014-01-16T18:27:29Z
Item is restricted until 2016-01-16T18:27:27ZLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 46901 on 2016-01-16T11:02:18Z
Space Division Multiplexing 5G Fronthaul with Analog and Digital Radio-over-Fiber and Optical Beamforming – the blueSPACE Concept
No full textThis paper presents the concept of the blueSPACE project. The blueSPACE project is one of the 21 second phase 5G-PPP initiative European H2020 projects focusing on delivering solutions, architectures, technologies and standards for the ubiquitous next generation communication infrastructures. This concept paper presents the blueSPACE proposition for the use of spatial division multiplexing for 5G fronthauling, the use of optical beamforming from Ka-band wireless signals, the incorporation of power-over-fiber distribution and the integration into a flexible SDN/NFV environment. Also, the chosen use cases and a global description of the planned demonstrations are presented
Recommended from our members
Shooting Rommel: the Desert Fox (1951) and Hollywood’s public-private diplomacy
No full textThe Desert Fox (Henry Hathaway, Twentieth Century-Fox; US, 1951) was one of the first war films to be produced by Hollywood after World War II. The article traces the screenwriting process through the papers of Nunnally Johnson, held at Boston University, and his correspondence with the author of the biography on which the film was based, Desmond Young, but also the studio's head of production, Darryl F. Zanuck, held at USC. The main focus of the piece is the film's reception in the Federal Republic of Germany, and the political concerns of the US State Department which tried to block its release there. This was the most politically controversial film for US diplomats at a time of great sensitivity during West German rearmament, and has left more of a paper trail than any other war film dealing with the Germans of the 1950s. The paper suggests that the film touched raw nerves both among leftwing pacifists and rightwing army sympathisers, as well as generating negative echoes behind the Iron Curtain. The author has also compared the English-language print of Desert Fox with the German-language print of Rommel der Wüstenfuchs to show that important changes were made to the script as a form of post-censorship
Health literacy and patient outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
No full textBackground: limited health literacy affects 25% of people with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and may reduce self-management skills resulting in poorer clinical outcomes. By disproportionately affecting people with low socioeconomic status and non-white ethnicity, limited health literacy may promote health inequity.Methods: systematic review of quantitative studies of health literacy and clinical outcomes among adults with CKD.Results: 29 studies (13 articles; 16 conference abstracts) were included. One included non-USA patients. Five were cohort studies, 24 cross-sectional. 18,300 patients were studied: 4,367 non-dialysis CKD; 13,202 dialysis, 390 transplant; 341 unspecified. Median study size was 127 (IQR: 92-238), but 480 (IQR: 260-2392) for cohort studies. Median proportion of non-white participants was 48% (IQR: 17-70%). Six health literacy measures were used. Outcomes included patient attributes, care processes, clinical/laboratory parameters, and ‘hard’ clinical outcomes. Limited health literacy was significantly, independently associated with hospitalisations, emergency department use, missed dialysis sessions, cardiovascular events and mortality (in cohort studies). Study quality was high (1 study), moderate (3 studies) and poor (25 studies), limited by sampling methods, variable adjustment for confounders and reduced methodological detail given in conference abstracts.Conclusions: there is limited robust evidence of the causal effects of health literacy on patient outcomes in CKD. Available evidence suggests associations with adverse clinical events, increased healthcare use, and mortality. Prospective studies are required to determine the causal effects of health literacy on outcomes in CKD patients, and examine the relationships between socioeconomic status, comorbidity, health literacy and CKD outcomes. Intervention development and evaluation will determine whether health literacy is a modifiable determinant of poor outcomes in CKD
blueSPACE Information Leaflet
No full text<p>Information leaflet about blueSPACE, a 5G-PPP 2nd phase project funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme.</p
- …
