4,340 research outputs found
Index to Texas Parks & Wildlife '65, Volume 23, Numbers 1-12
No full textIndex to volume 23 of the Texas Game and Fish (issues 1-3)/Texas Parks and Wildlife (issues 4-12) magazine listing articles by title, subject, and author
FINANCING COMMUNITY FACILITIES: A CASE STUDY OF THE PARKS AND RECREATIONAL GENERAL OBLIGATION BOND MEASURE OF SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA
No full textThis study of the City of San Jose’s Parks and Recreation General Obligation (GO) Bond Measure seeks to identify the politics-, management-, and planning-related lessons learned by the City as it developed its community facilities using the GO bonds proceeds. The study finds that these lessons include: be conservative in what you promise the residents; be prepared for changes in economic environment by identifying supplementary funding sources should the primary source not yield adequate funds; make sure that the jurisdiction is organizationally capable of handling the increased workload; and prepare detailed project plans prior to the bond issuance.Community Infrastructure and Services; Municipal Bonds; Public Finance
Parks or playgrounds? An analysis of the concept of Tongariro National Park
No full textNational parks are cultural constructions embodying and reflecting the values of society. To date research on parks in New Zealand has focused upon surveys of users and analyses of historical data. Noble (1987) identified the need for a study of national parks along the lines of the Darling and Eichhorn's (1969) study of the US national park system, in which the authors asked the provocative question "What is a national park?". Following their lead I examine the purpose of national parks using indepth interviews with the administering authorities and selected commercial users of Tongariro National Park.
I argue that the perceptions of the majority of the commercial concessionaires and users regarding the purpose of Tongariro National Park are incompatible with specified fundamental objectives of national parks. Secondly, I argue that national park administrators are not neutral agents regulating use under the National Parks Act (1980). While there is no evidence, or suggestion, of management practices which breach the National Parks Act (1980) or the Tongariro National Park Management Plans Vols I, II, Ill, the system within which the administrators operate has accepted central government "market efficiency" ideologies and policies. Administrators are increasingly dependent upon concessionaires for the day-to-day operating costs of the park. This relationship and fundamental conflicts in perceptions of use threaten traditional objectives and the future of national parks
Annual report (Arizona State Parks Board)
No full textArizona State Parks' mission is to preserve Arizona’s most precious resources while producing revenues for the State from more than two million annual guests. Visitors from all over the world enjoy Arizona State Parks’ 30 natural and cultural sites
Marine protection dividend
No full textAs the NSW government considers marine management reforms, this report finds that marine parks already provide significant economic benefits, but it is too early to judge their environmental effectiveness.This short paper presents compelling evidence that: NSW marine parks are already delivering clear and demonstrable economic benefits for local communities and businesses.The protected areas must be allowed to exist for a minimum of 15 years before they can be judged as to their effectiveness.Community support for marine parks and the sanctuary zones within them, is very high around the more established reserves. NSW marine parks are all relatively young. The oldest NSW marine parks are barely 11 years old and the youngest only six. In ecological terms, these parks are still in their infancy. Yet marine parks are already providing economic dividends to local communities, by attracting significant tourism. The establishment of the Solitary Island Marine Park, for example, saw a 20% increase in local business’s turnover in the first five years. Jervis Bay Marine Park has brought an estimated $2.4 million into the region through marine tourism. “Marine parks have become essential infrastructure for regional economies. As long as investment in the parks is maintained, benefits will continue to increase over years and even decades,” said report author Caroline Hoisington. Recreational and commercial fishing also benefit from marine parks, particularly sanctuary zones, where fishing is restricted. European studies have shown that for each year a sanctuary zone is in place, the number and/or size of commercially valuable fish increased by 8 per cent compared to surrounding fished areas. Benefits flow when these fish spill over into surrounding areas. “Local community support for sanctuary zones is 80 per cent or higher, in the three marine parks where opinions have been surveyed”, Caroline said. “The numbers are no different for recreational fishers.” Recreational fishing may also see bigger and better catches immediately, as competition from commercial fishing is reduced. However, sustainable fish stock management must also take account of recreational fishing, which makes up as much as 90 per cent of the catch for some NSW species. The report recommends the NSW Government set 15 years after zoning as the earliest point for making judgments about the impacts and environmental effectiveness of marine parks. Improvements in biodiversity, biomass and resilience of fish species will continue to take place after this time. The first fifteen years is not the end of benefits from marine parks, but is just enough time to show big changes. By contrast, decisions based on short-term assessments risk being driven by emotional reactions, rather than taking a balanced view based on evidence of the dividends that will continue to flow from marine parks
Five-year strategic plan (Arizona State Parks Board)
No full textThe Arizona State Parks Board was created in 1957 as a government agency with the purposes and objectives to include acquiring, preserving and maintaining areas of natural features, scenic beauty, and historic and scientific significance, pleasure recreation and health of Arizona’s people
Parks and recreation strategic system master plan
No full textabstract: Maricopa County's Parks and Recreation Department now features one of the nation's largest county park systems, with 10 regional parks totaling more than 120,000 acres. In an effort to manage the future needs of residents and the growth of the county the Department decided to update the previous Master Plan for the Park System which was completed over 40 years ago. The Strategic System Master Plan evaluates all aspects of the Department’s management efforts and seeks strong community input into the elements and expectations they have for the system today and in the future
Schooling and education.
No full textSchooling and education by Giles R. Wright with Howard L. Green and Lee R. Parks. Number 4 in the New Jersey Ethnic Life Series. Published by New Jersey Historical Commission
Entrepreneurial Experience and Science Parks and Business Performance in Beijing, China
No full textChina is the second largest economic entity in the world. It is well acknowledged that small businesses have made significant contributions to Chinese economic development in terms of employment generation, income generation and poverty reduction. Entrepreneurs are the key people who are driving small businesses forward, and the Chinese Government has invested substantially in science parks. However, our understanding of entrepreneurship activities, science parks and especially prior business experience and business performance in China remains under researched. Therefore, to fill this gap, this research explores entrepreneurs’ business performance of those who were on science parks against those whose businesses were off-park in Beijing China.
Human capital theory experience and the RBV provide the theoretical framework which were used to test the entrepreneur’s prior business ownership experience against the performance of the businesses in terms of innovation, exporting activity, employment growth, profitability and the usage of e-commerce. This research adopted a quantitative methodology to analyse a new data set gathered by the researcher. In the year of 2009, 462 valid questionnaires were received from the firms located on and off ZhongGuanCun Science Park (ZSP), and that represented a 12% response rate.
The results show that prior business ownership experiences and science park location have strong associations with business performances. In particular, firstly habitual entrepreneurs are more likely than novice entrepreneurs to be innovators, and in general to have a better business performance; secondly, business located on science parks generally performed better than off-park businesses and lastly, interestingly, there is no clear evidence showing that habitual entrepreneurs have better usage of e-commerce than novice entrepreneurs. According to these key research findings, implications are elucidated for Chinese practitioners and policy makers
At home in national parks : a study of power, knowledge and discourse in Banff National Park and Cairngorms National Park
No full textNational Parks bear greater implications than simply preserving or conserving pockets
of
landscape. They
evoke values of conservation versus development, livelihood
economics, environmental stewardship and personal enrichment; they fulfil
positions
in
relation to the national and the international
stage.
Social
characteristics are
revealed though this comparative study of
Banff National Park
and the Cairngorms
National Park. Perceptions of space, place and boundaries crucially
imply different
meanings to the people
living inside the national park
boundaries
and those living
outside the boundaries. 'Insiders'
are
long-term
permanent residents
for
whom
being
in the park
is
a practical activity;
'outsiders' include
scientists, conservationists,
bureaucrats,
and tourists, who take various
ideological
positions regarding the park's
purpose.
Both
sides take a serious
interest in the park and
how it is
managed and
regard
it
as a place where they are
'at home'. Groups
within these spaces considers
their values and rights superior to others and conflict often arises.
Non-violent
means
of gaining power as theorized by Foucault
and
Bourdieu,
employing
knowledge
and
discourse,
are
highly
suggestive
in the study of national parks.
Discourse
of nature
is
strategically significant as
it influences
purpose and policy that drive
government's
decisions
on
how the park will
be
managed - in
this way
discourse
shapes the culture
of
how
we use nature.
Knowledge,
as symbolic capital and as the basis for truth,
sparks
divisiveness - in
particular scientific
knowledge
versus experiential
knowledge.
Changes to the exclusive
North American
model, such as those instituted in the
Caimgorms,
mark the increased
social utility and
inclusive
nature of national parks.
The
challenge remains
for
park managers to reconcile values connected with
nationalism and environmental ethics with values connected with
local livelihoods
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