1,720,953 research outputs found
First Report of Mulberry Rust Caused by Cerotelium fici on Morus nigra in Brazil
Get PDFLeaf rust caused by Cerotelium fici (Cast.) Arth. is the main disease affecting Moraceae family plants, such as Ficus and Morus species (Galleti and Rezende 2016; Srikantaswamy et al. 2006). In August 2020, rust symptoms were observed in 100% of mulberry (Morus nigra L.) trees in an experimental orchard (Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; 22°42'28"S, 47°37'42"W). Mulberry leaves with high rust severity became yellowish and fell-off prematurely. Pustules were light brown with yellowish halo and presented mean size of 0.9 mm2. Uredinial paraphyses (n = 50) measured 42.2 ± 0.67 μm long with wall uniformly ca 0.6-1.1 μm thick. Urediniospores were brownish, echinulate, globoid to broadly ellipsoid, and measured 27.1 ± 0.29 × 21.0 ± 0.27 μm with a wall thickness of 0.6 ± 0.01 μm (n = 100). The morphology of the urediniospores observed in this study was similar to that reported in the literature for C. fici on Morus alba and Ficus spp. (Gupta et al. 1994; McKenzie 1986; Hennen et al. 2005). We used a low-coverage genome-skimming approach to retrieve genetic information of the rRNA cluster and the mtDNA. Genomic DNA was extracted from 3-4 mg of stored urediniospores at -80 °C, macerated in liquid nitrogen, using a modified cetyl trimethylammonium bromide extraction procedure (Lo Piccolo et al. 2012), and sequenced with 150-bp paired-end reads on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 System. Raw data, (45,761,957 X 2 reads) were assembled with SPAdes v3.15.1 (Bankevich et al., 2012) and the output used to create a custom BLAST database. Loci used for the phylogenetic analyses were identified by BLASTn using, as a query, sequences of C. fici from Ficus sp. from Australia publicly available: Accession No. MH047210.1 for the rRNA and MW036502.1 for COX3. The retrieved sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers OM296992 and OP797407 for the partial rRNA cluster and COX3, respectively. The Bayesian inference phylogenetic analysis of the three concatenate loci (18S, 28S, and COX3) revealed that the isolate obtained in this study (MN1) was clustered in a well-supported clade with C. fici type species. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using mulberry potted plants under greenhouse conditions (25 ± 5 °C). The urediniospores suspension (5 × 104 urediniospores ml-1) with 0.05% Tween 20 was sprayed with an airbrush on fully expanded leaves until run-off. As a control, mulberry plants were sprayed with distilled water and kept under the same conditions. Inoculated and mock-inoculated plants were kept in a dark moist chamber at 23 °C (± 2 °C) for 24 h. After this period, plants were moved to the greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized with five replicates, each replicate consisted of one potted plant and the experiment was performed twice. At 12 days post-inoculation, all inoculated plants showed rust symptoms identical to those observed in the field, whereas control plants had no symptoms. The first symptoms were small pustules on the abaxial surface of fully expanded leaves. Small chlorotic lesions were observed on the adaxial leaf surface, which evolved into necrotic lesions. The pathogen was re-inoculated into potted plants, where it was maintained through monthly inoculations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mulberry rust on M. nigra in Brazil. As mulberry leaves are the only natural food for silkworm (Bombyx mori L.), rust poses a significant threat to the sericulture industry because the disease can decrease production and quality of mulberry foliage
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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