1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Just Economics: Inequality and Political Culture in Cross-National Perspective
No full textEconomics is widely viewed as a key participant in the construction of the pathologies of market societies. Critical scholars in fields such as Science and Technology Studies (STS) see it as the black sheep of the social sciences. Economics is characterized as promoting a view of society entirely through the prism of markets, individual self-interest and the imperative of growth at the expense of other values such as equality or human rights. In this dissertation, I look at the work of inequality economists at the Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), World Inequality Lab (WIL), and the Delhi School of Economics to portray a different picture of the field. These subsets of economists are explicitly committed to values of tackling poverty, reducing inequality and promoting human rights and social development, but they define the problem of inequality differently and propose very different solutions for it.
It remains a puzzle how—despite these cross-national differences—economics, a field long seen as promoting efficiency over equality, comes to be accepted as a source of solutions to the problem of inequality. I argue that economists gain legitimacy to address inequality by constructing a field of expertise that I call “just economics.” This economics is just in three ways: it gets the right answers (as in the French expression, c’est juste!); it aims toward normatively desirable (i.e. just) ends; and it is “just” economics, providing neutral policy advice that leaves citizens free to make their own normative decisions. Just economics taps into cross-national differences in what makes for good evidence and morally desirable outcomes in the eyes of experts and lay citizens in a given political culture. I draw on co-productionist scholarship in STS to show how just economics appeals to culturally-embedded understandings about whose responsibility it is to taking on problems of inequality, the extent to which the problem is one of social structure or individual agency, and the appropriate institutional channels through which responses should be coordinated.
I develop this argument in thematically connected chapters. Chapters 1-2 take up economists’ own disciplinary self-awareness, showing how the discipline has adopted different thought styles to get at right answers, specifically, causal, historical and experiential approaches. I describe how economists draw on experiments, statistics and experiences in order to satisfy their reflexive questions about their own expertise. Chapters 4-6 are country case studies of approaches to inequality in the United States, France and India, as a question of opportunity, distribution, and rights, respectively. In the United States, a privatized welfare model focuses on unlocking “poverty traps” and making the poor into good entrepreneurial capitalists. In France, the system of social welfare is oriented toward reducing the potential for class conflict, and focuses on the use of expertise to inform reasoned public debates about inequality. In India, the rights-based approach is rooted in the country’s constitutional “Directive Principles,” realized through contemporary efforts in activism and legislation to secure socioeconomic rights. Chapter 7 explores how these different thoughts styles synergize with distinct constituents of the social compact—markets, states and (civil) society—while Chapter 8 looks at education as a specific policy domain where these styles are mobilized to implement visions of a just society. Inequality, I conclude in Chapter 9, is more than a statistical property to be studied by expert social scientists: By comparing approaches to inequality cross-nationally, I show that how we address inequality through policy rests on disparate understandings of science, politics and faith in society.Public Polic
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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