1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The dietary quality of food pantry users from a socio-ecological perspective
Get PDFIn Germany, around 1.5 Mio people with a low income receive food for a small fee from one of around 940 so-called Tafel. In high-income countries like Germany, users of food pantries are a particularly vulnerable population group, as they are characterized by cumulative health risks. They often suffer from food insecurity and from chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 or obesity. Given that these diseases as well as food insecurity both relate to diet, the dietary quality plays a critical role in the health status of food pantry users. To illustrate the dietary quality and the different levels of factors influencing the dietary quality among food pantry users, this thesis has the following aims:
1. to provide a summary of the scientific evidence about the dietary quality of food pantry users in high-income countries;
2. to provide a summary of the scientific evidence about the nutritional quality of food provided by food pantries in high-income countries;
3. to examine the distribution of Tafel food pantries and food banks and to provide a representative picture of their resources (e.g. food, volunteers etc.), activities (e.g. provided programs) and users in Germany;
4. to examine the distribution of Tafel food pantries and to identify compositional and physical environmental correlates of food pantry use in Berlin.
To reach these aims, two systematic reviews were conducted (first and second publication). In addition, an explorative cross-sectional study consisting of an analysis of secondary data and a comprehensive survey among all Tafel belonging to the federal association Tafel Deutschland was performed (third publication). Finally, an ecological study was conducted by analyzing and mapping food pantry use and compositional and physical characteristics of areas in Berlin (fourth publication).
The first review revealed that the dietary quality among the reviewed food pantry users tended to be low as reflected by an inadequate intake of energy, fruit and vegetables, dairy products and calcium compared to national recommendations. The reviewed food pantry users had, in particular, a lower consumption of dairy products compared to the general populations. The second review demonstrated that the nutritional quality of reviewed pre-packed food bags provided by food pantries was highly variable within and between included studies. It also showed that the nutritional quality of most of the food bags was low, reflected, in particular, by a low provision of dairy products, vitamins A and C and calcium compared to national recommendations. None of the studies included in the reviews were nationally representative.
The third publication showed that the German food bank system Tafel Deutschland provided a comprehensive net of food pantries, social supermarkets, food banks and other services. However, the number of Tafel per 10,000 welfare recipients was lower in eastern Germany (M = 1.37) compared to western Germany ((M = 2.12), t(162.54) = 4.2424, p < 0.0001). In contrast to the results of the studies included in the second review, the Tafel mainly provided perishable food such as fruits and vegetables (41.42% of the amount of food distributed), bakery products (19.85%) and dairy products (13.39%). However, due to the dependence on donors such as retailers, the amount of food distributed varied widely. The assistance of most local Tafel is based on volunteer labor as 89.97% of Tafels staff were volunteers. In 79 districts, in which all Tafel participated in the survey, there was an average of 179 Tafel beneficiaries per 1000 welfare recipients and 17 Tafel beneficiaries per 1000 residents overall. An even lower usage was found by the fourth publication which revealed that only two out of 1000 adult inhabitants and six out of 1000 children received assistance from one of the 44 investigated Tafel food pantries in Berlin. Tafel use by adults (A) or by children (B) was related to the percentage of welfare recipients (A, β = 0.17, p < 0.001 und B, β = 0.16, p = 0.002), the percentage of inhabitants with migration background (A, β = - 0.08, p = 0.002), the number of discount grocery percentage stores per 1000 children (B, β = 5.65, p = 0.010), and the number of stops of the public transport within a radius of 500 meters (A, β = - 0.24, p = 0.020). The most important limitation of both studies was the unknown reliability of the data collected from the Tafel.
The dietary quality of food pantry users in high-income countries was seen to be low. Although food pantries did not provide a full meal plan for a healthy diet, they may have a positive impact on the dietary quality of its users. However, to better understand the role of food pantries in the complex interplay of individual, social and environmental influences on the diet of food pantry users, multi-level approaches should be used in the future. Moreover, researchers are strongly recommended to investigate the mechanisms by which using a food pantry might impact users dietary quality. In addition to these implications for researchers, this thesis makes several recommendations to practitioners at food pantries in Germany and other high-income countries. Following these recommendations could make the position of food pantries in civil society into an important entry point for health promotion among a part of the food insecure population in the future.Allein in Deutschland erhalten regelmäßig etwa 1,5 Mio. Menschen mit einem niedrigen Einkommen gegen einen geringen Beitrag Lebensmittel von einer der rund 940 Tafeln. Nutzer/innen solcher Lebensmittelausgabestellen (NLMA) stellen eine besonders vulnerable Bevölkerungsgruppe dar, da sie von kumulativen Gesundheitsrisiken betroffen sind. So haben sie im Vergleich zu anderen Bevölkerungsgruppen mit einem niedrigen Einkommen ein höheres Risiko von Ernährungsunsicherheit betroffen zu sein. Zudem leiden sie häufig an ernährungsassoziierten Erkrankungen wie Adipositas, Diabetes und/oder Hypertonie. Daher kommt dem Ernährungsverhalten eine besondere Bedeutung für die Gesundheit von NLMA zu. Um die Ernährungsqualität von NLMA und die unterschiedlichen Einflussebenen auf die Ernährung der NLMA zu illustrieren, ergaben sich für die vorliegende Arbeit folgende Ziele:
1. Eine Zusammenfassung der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz zu der Ernährungsqualität von NLMA in Hocheinkommensländern zu bieten,
2. Eine Zusammenfassung der wissenschaftlichen Evidenz zu der Nährwertqualität der von LMA in Hocheinkommensländern angebotenen Lebensmittel zu bieten,
3. Die Verteilung der Tafeln in Deutschland zu untersuchen und ein repräsentatives Abbild der Ressourcen (z.B. Lebensmittel, Freiwillige), Aktivitäten (z.B. angebotene Programme) und Nutzer/innen der Tafeln zu bieten
4. Die Verteilung der LMA der Berliner Tafel e.V. zu untersuchen und kompositionelle und strukturelle Korrelate der Nutzung der LMA in Berlin zu identifizieren.
Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, wurden zwei systematische Reviews (erste und zweite Publikation), eine Querschnittstudie bestehend aus der Analyse sekundärer Daten und einem umfangreichen Survey (dritte Publikation) sowie eine ökologische Querschnittstudie (vierte Publikation) durchgeführt.
Gemäß der in dem ersten Review inkludierten Studien ist die Ernährungsqualität von NLMA in Hocheinkommensländern insbesondere durch einen verglichen mit nationalen Empfehlungen unzureichenden Verzehr von Obst und Gemüse, Milchprodukten und Kalzium charakterisiert. Im Vergleich zu der Allgemeinbevölkerung berichteten die untersuchten NLMA insbesondere einen niedrigeren Verzehr von Milchprodukten. Die in dem zweiten Review inkludierten Studien zeigten, dass die in den von LMA in Hocheinkommensländern angebotenen, in der Regel vorsortierten Lebensmittel-Körbe enthaltenen Energie- und Nährstoffmengen sowohl innerhalb einer Stichprobe als auch zwischen den Stichproben starken Schwankungen unterliegen. Die meisten Körbe enthalten im Vergleich zu nationalen Empfehlungen insbesondere unzureichende Mengen an Milchprodukten, Vitamin A und C sowie Kalzium. Allerdings war keine der in einem der beiden Reviews inkludierten Studienstichproben auf nationaler Ebene repräsentativ.
Die dritte Publikation zeigte, dass Tafel Deutschland über ein deutschlandweites Netz an Lebensmittelbanken, -ausgabestellen, sozialen Supermärkten und anderen Services verfügt, die Dichte der Tafeln je 10 000 Transferleistungsempfänger/innen (TE) in Ostdeutschland jedoch niedriger (M = 1,37) als in Westdeutschland (M = 2.12) ist (t(162.54) = 4.2424, p < 0.0001). Anders als viele LMA in anderen Hocheinkommensländern (zweite Publikation), verteilen die Tafeln überwiegend frisches Obst und Gemüse (41.42% der verteilten Lebensmittelmenge), Backwaren (19.85%) und Milchprodukte (13.39%). Aufgrund der Abhängigkeit der Tafeln von Spendern ist das Lebensmittelangebot der Tafeln starken Schwankungen unterworfen. Insgesamt sind 89.97% der Tafel-Mitarbeitenden Freiwillige. Basierend auf Daten von 79 Landkreisen, in denen alle Tafeln an dem Survey teilnahmen, ergab die Studie eine durchschnittliche Nutzeranzahl von 179 Nutzer/innen pro 1000 TE bzw. 17 Nutzer/innen je 1000 Einwohner/innen. Eine noch niedrigere Nutzungsrate wurde durch die vierte Publikation aufgedeckt, die aufzeigte, dass lediglich zwei von 1000 Erwachsenen und sechs von 1000 minderjährigen Einwohner/innen Lebensmittel von einer der 44 untersuchten LMA der Berliner Tafel e.V. erhalten. Multiple Regressionsmodelle zeigten, dass die LMA-Nutzung von Erwachsenen (A) bzw. Kindern (B) signifikant mit dem Anteil der TE (A, β = 0.17, p < 0.001 und B, β = 0.16, p = 0.002 ), dem Anteil der Einwohner/innen mit Migrationshintergrund an der Wohnbevölkerung (A, β = - 0.08, p = 0.002), der Anzahl der Discounter je 1000 Kinder (B, β = 5.65, p = 0.010) und der Anzahl an Haltestellen des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs innerhalb eines Radius von 500 Metern um eine LMA (A, β = - 0.24, p = 0.020) zusammenhängt. Die wichtigste Einschränkung beider Originalstudien ist die unbekannte Reliabilität der Daten, die von den Tafeln erhoben wurden.
Obgleich LMA keine Vollversorgung im Sinn einer ausreichenden Lebensmittelmenge für eine gesunde Ernährung bieten, könnten sie die Ernährung der NLMA positiv beeinflussen. Um die Rolle der LMA in dem komplexen Wechselspiel zwischen individuellen, sozialen und umweltbezogenen Einflussfaktoren der Ernährung besser zu verstehen, sind Mehrebenen-Ansätze notwendig. Zudem wird eine detailliertere Untersuchung der Mechanismen, über die eine LMA-Nutzung auf die Ernährung einwirkt, empfohlen. Würden die in dieser Arbeit herausgegebenen Empfehlungen für Mitarbeitende in LMA umgesetzt, könnten sich LMA zukünftig als wichtige zivilgesellschaftliche Gesundheitsförderer für einen Teil der ernährungsunsicheren Bevölkerung etablieren
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
