1,720,956 research outputs found
Assessing Lifestyle in Psychiatric Disorders
Get PDFIntroduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and bipolar disorder (BD) are mental illnesses associated with socio-cognitive functional impairments, reduced quality of life, and increased risk of medical and psychiatric comorbidities. These disorders are also associated with unhealthy patterns in several fundamental lifestyle areas according to the current notions of lifestyle psychiatry, such as diet, physical activity, substance use, sleep, stress management, and social relationships. With the rising prevalence rates of poor mental well-being following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to understand the relationship between a multifactorial lifestyle and the presence of psychiatric symptoms. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to assess the association between a multidimensional lifestyle and symptoms of MDD and GAD during the COVID-19 pandemic, and lifestyle patterns among symptomatic individuals with BD. We additionally reviewed the literature on lifestyle interventions for improvement of outcomes related to BD.
Results: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours were associated with symptoms of MDD and GAD during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, Brazil, and Canada. Machine learning analyses revealed strong predictive power for detecting the presence of these symptoms through lifestyle behaviours and perceptions. Individuals with BD engage in more unhealthy lifestyles than healthy individuals across all the core areas of lifestyle psychiatry, regardless of the polarity of the mood episode. Furthermore, to date, traditional lifestyle domains such as diet, physical activity, and sleep have been the most frequently targeted domains for interventions to improve mood symptoms and functional outcomes of BD, while domains such as substance use, stress management and social relationships have been more neglected. In addition, multidimensional lifestyle interventions have demonstrated a higher efficacy rate of improving outcomes of BD than single-domain interventions, however, there has been a lack of interventions for BD targeting majority of the core lifestyle domains.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that multidimensional unhealthy lifestyles are associated with symptoms of MDD, GAD, and BD. These results support the current notions of lifestyle psychiatry, indicating that a multidimensional assessment of lifestyle behaviours and perceptions can be a beneficial approach towards understanding the cumulative impact of various lifestyle patterns on psychiatric symptoms. This work highlights the importance of imposing a holistic approach towards studying the association between lifestyle factors and psychiatric disorders in order to implement effective, personalized preventive and treatment strategies for mental health disorders.ThesisDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)People experiencing symptoms of psychiatric disorders may also engage in more unhealthy routines and behaviours in everyday life. Lifestyle is a construct characterized by behaviours and perceptions in multiple areas of life which are fundamental for the overall well-being of a person. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationship between multidimensional lifestyle characteristics and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder (BD). We examined the association between multidimensional lifestyle and symptoms of depression and anxiety in the general populations of Spain, Brazil, and Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also assessed the relationship between unhealthy behaviours and symptomatic individuals with BD in comparison to healthy individuals, and the importance of lifestyle interventions for improvement of outcomes related to BD. The findings indicated an association between multidimensional unhealthy lifestyles and symptoms of depression and anxiety during COVID-19. Unhealthy lifestyles across all domains were also seen in people with BD currently experiencing a mood episode, while lifestyle interventions for BD have shown promising results so far. A multidimensional approach to evaluating quality of lifestyle can be beneficial for developing preventive and treatment lifestyle strategies for common psychiatric disorders
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Subjective and Objective Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder Relative to Similar Neuropsychological Disorders
Get PDFThis thesis presents research investigating objectively and subjectively examined cognitive impairment in Bipolar Disorder (BD) in comparison to disorders with similar cognitive symptomatologies. First, a systematic review and meta-analyses compared the cognitive performance between BD and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia. Studies included in this review and meta-analyses assessed cognitive performances using multiple objective cognitive assessments. Results from these meta-analyses found greater impairment in BD relative to MCI on motor initiative abilities. Additionally, there were similarities in cognitive deficits on delayed memory recall and visuoconstructional abilities between BD and MCI. For the comparison between BD and dementia, we analyzed the findings of studies comparing BD across different mood states with different types of dementia, where BD in acute mood episode demonstrated greater deficits in attention, working memory, verbal memory, and executive function than behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). In contrast, overall cognitive functioning and verbal fluency was more impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in comparison to BD during euthymia. Next, we shifted the focus on examining subjective cognitive complaints in BD relative to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Our study is unique from previous literature with the same aim considering that it only involved patients recently diagnosed with BD, and subjective complaints were assessed with the Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA), an instrument specific to cognitive complaints detected in BD. The findings demonstrate higher subjective cognitive complaints in euthymic BD in comparison to euthymic MDD, suggesting greater self-perceived difficulties in BD, even in the beginning of the illness. Taken together, findings from the studies presented in this thesis highlight the importance of early detection and intervention of cognitive impairments in BD, with the aim of enhancing cognitive abilities, and prevention of further cognitive degradation with the progression of the disorderThesisMaster of Science (MSc
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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