12 research outputs found

    LVAD driveline infection: Pump cable relocation in two stage surgical strategy and preventive partial driveline replacement

    No full text
    Mechanical left ventricular assist device implantation (LVAD) has become a well-established option for the treatment of patients with severe congestive heart failure. Infection of the driveline is considered the Achilles’ heel of this procedure and the reported surgical approach, by mean of topic and or driveline relocation, is characterized by a high recurrence rate. An alternative approach consisting in a two-stage surgical procedure with the use of antiseptic bath to eradicate the bacteria from the driveline is proposed. Also, a preventive early driveline replacement is suggested with an original technical solution here described

    A Co-contextual Type Checker for Featherweight Java

    No full text
    This paper addresses compositional and incremental type checking for object-oriented programming languages. Recent work achieved incremental type checking for structurally typed functional languages through co-contextual typing rules, a constraint-based formulation that removes any context dependency for expression typings. However, that work does not cover key features of object-oriented languages: Subtype polymorphism, nominal typing, and implementation inheritance. Type checkers encode these features in the form of class tables, an additional form of typing context inhibiting incrementalization. In the present work, we demonstrate that an appropriate co-contextual notion to class tables exists, paving the way to efficient incremental type checkers for object-oriented languages. This yields a novel formulation of Igarashi et al.'s Featherweight Java (FJ) type system, where we replace class tables by the dual concept of class table requirements and class table operations by dual operations on class table requirements. We prove the equivalence of FJ's type system and our co-contextual formulation. Based on our formulation, we implemented an incremental FJ type checker and compared its performance against javac on a number of realistic example programs

    The Legal and Political Grounds for, and the Influence of the Actual Situation on, the Demand of the Albanians of Kosovo for Independence

    No full text
    The Article argues in support of the Kosovar Albanians\u27 right to independence and self-determination. By examining the ancient and recent ethnic history of these people and their neighbors, particularly the Serbs, the author brings to light the shared beliefs within each group. Then by examining developments since the dissolution of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, through the lenses of international law and politics, the author analyzes the building blocks of sovereign statehood: defined borders, governmental institutions, and international recognition

    The Development of the Sound h in the Dialects of Montenegro : With Respect to Boskovic's Investigation of this Phoneme

    No full text
    The author proceeds from the work "On the nature, development and variants of the sound h in the dialects of Montenegro" by Radosav Boskovic, which includes a theoretical treatement of and a body of empirical data on the position and value of the sound h in the dialects of old Montenegro, the Bar and Podgorica (Titograd) areas, as well as in those spoken by the tribes of Bjelopavlici, Kuci and Pipert. He describes this sound as it is found in the other dialects of Montenegro, and points out that, although it is not present in the dialects of the Eastern Herzegovinian type in Montenegro, substitutions are frequent and numerous. This sound 1s likewise not found in the older dialects of Montenegro in the area north-east of that investigated by Boskovic. It occurs, however, in some dialects of the Boka Kotorska and Montenegrin Littoral areas (Perast, Lepetane, Krtoli and, partly, Grbalj). The author also briefly deals with the value of the sound h in the dialects of Moslems in Montenegro, pointing out that in this case a sound with minimal friction is involved

    PELAKSANAAN SUPERVISI AKADEMIK KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU DI MA AL-UTRUJIYYAH BANDAR LAMPUNG

    No full text
    ABSTRAK Kepala sekolah adalah personel sekolah yang bertanggung jawab terhadap seluruh kegiatan-kegiatan di sekolah. Ia mempunyai wewenang dan tanggung jawab untuk menyelenggarakan seluruh kegiatan pendidikan dalam lingkungan sekolah yang dipimpinya. Supervisi ialah suatu aktivitas pembinaan yang direncanakan untuk membntu para guru dan pegawai sekolah lainnya dalam melakukan pekerjaan mereka secara efektif oleh karena itu kepemimpinan kepala sekolah merupakan proses aktualisasi antara kepala sekolah dan guru serta komponen pendidikan lainnya dalam upaya untuk maju kearah tercapainya tujuan pendidikan. Perumusan masalah pada penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimana Perencanaan, Pelaksanaan dan Tindak Lanjut Supervisi Kepala Madrasah Dalam meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di MA Al-Utrujiyyah Bandar Lampung?”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi yang dilakukan kepala madrasah sebagai supervisor terhadap peningkatan kinerja guru di MA Al-Utrujiyyah Lampung.Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian lapangan, dimana penelitian ini dilakukan dalam lokasi MA Al-Utrujiyyah Bandar Lampung, adapaun dalam pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, interview (Wawancara) dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kualitatif dimana penulis menggambarkan gejala-gejala yang terjadi pada objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: bahwa kepala madrasah menjalankan perannya sebagai supervisor dengan,membuat prencanaan program supervisi, melaksanakan programsupervisi dengan teknik teknik supervisi dan menindak lanjuti hasil dari pelaksanaan supervisi maka hal itu berdampak pada kinerja guru yang terus membaik dalam pembelajaran di MA Al-Utrujiyyah Bandar Lampung. Kata kuci : Supervisi, Kepala sekolah, Kinerja Guru ABSTRAK The principal is a school personnel who is responsible for all activities in the school. He has the authority and responsibility to organize all educational activities in the school environment he leads. Supervision is a coaching activity that is planned to assist teachers and other school employees in carrying out their work effectively. The formulation of the problem in this research is "How is the Planning, Implementation and Follow-up of Supervision of Madrasah Heads in Teacher Performance at MA AL�Utrujiyyah Bandar Lampung?". This study aims to find out how the implementation carried out by the madrasa principal as a supervisor in improving teacher performance at MA Al-Utrujiyyah Bandar Lampung. data using the method of observation, interview (interview) and documentation. Data analysis uses qualitative analysis where the author describes the symptoms that occur in the object of research. The results showed that: that the head of the madrasah carried out his role as a supervisor by planning a supervision program, carrying out a supervision program with supervision techniques and following up on the results of the implementation of supervision, it had an impact on teacher performance which continued to improve in learning at MA Al-Utrujiyyah Bandar Lampung Keywords : Supervision, Principal, Teacher Performanc

    Alat Pengendali Atap Jemuran Otomatis Dengan Sensor Cahaya Dan Sensor Air Berbasiskan Mikrokontroler ATmega16

    No full text
    Abstrak: Di era perkembangan teknologi dan informasi seperti sekarang ini, manusia semakin dituntut kreatif untuk membuat peralatan yang memanfaatkan teknologi untukmeringankan kehidupannya. Mencuci dan menjemur pakaian adalah pekerjaan yangdilakukan oleh semua manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Pada sebuah keluargayang banyak beraktifitas diluar rumah, kondisi rumah menjadi kurang terkontrol, terutamakondisi jemuran pakaian yang berada di teras rumah. Hal tersebut menjadi masalah jikaterjadi hujan atau datangnya malam hari  pada saat pemilik rumah tidak ada di rumah.Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, penulis merancang alat yang dapat mengendalikanatap jemuran yang dapat membuka dan menutup secara otomatis  sesuai denganintensitas sinar matahari atau turunnya hujan. Penulis menggunakan mikrokontrolerAtmega16 sebagai pusat pengendali atap jemuran otomatis. Sensor yang diperlukan padaalat pengendali jemuran otomatis adalah sensor cahaya dan sensor air. Untuk sensorcahaya digunakan LDR (Light Diode Resistor) dan sensor elektroda sebagai sensor airhujan. LDR adalah jenis resostor yang nilai hambatannya dipengaruhi oleh cahaya.Sedangkan sensor eletroda adalah sensor yang memanfaatkan sifat konduktansi padasuatu bahan. Motor DC digunakan sebagai penggerak atap jemuran agar dapat membukadan menutup. Bahasa pemrogaman C digunakan untuk mengendalikan alat secarakeseluruhan, dimana code program akan ditanamkan kedalam mikrokontroler ATmega16. Kata kuci: Mikrokontroler ATmega16, otomatisasi, atap jemuran baju.Abstract: In the era of information and technology development, as now, peopleincreasingly creative be charger for making equipment that utilizes technology to lightentheir lives. Washing and drying clothes is the work performed by all human beings in theirdaily lives. In a family that many activities outside the home, home becomes less controlledconditions, particularly conditions which are on the terace clothes horse home. It becomes aproblem if there is rain or nightfall when the homeowner is not home. To overcome theseproblems, the authors designed a tool that can control a clothesline roof that can open andclose automatically in accordance with the intensity of the sun or rain. The author uses amicrocontroller ATmega16 as the central control automatic roof clothesline. Sensors arerequired on a clothesline automatic control device is a light sensor and a water sensor. Touse the light sensor LDR (Light Diode Resistor) and the sensor electrode as rain sensor.LDR is kind resostor the value of resistance is affected by light. While eletroda sensor is asensor that utilizes the conductance properties of a material. DC motors are used as drivinga clothesline roof that can open and close. C programming language is used to control the instrument as a whole, where the program code will be embedded into the microcontrollerATmega16.Keyword: Microcontroller Atmega16, Otomatisasion, rooftopClotheslin

    Metodologi Kitab Ma‘alim al-Tanzil Karya Al-Bagawiy

    No full text
    يقصد هذا البحث لمعرف منهج معالم التنزيل للبغوي. وهو من الكتب المدونة فى التفسير بالمأثور الذي إعترفه علماء التفسير بأنه أسلم من البدعة والأحاديث الضعيفة. مؤلف هذا الكتاب هو الإمام أبومحمد حسين بن مسعود الفراء البغوي الشافعى المتوفى سنة 510 هـ. هذا الكتاب هو كتاب متوسط ينقل فيه عن مفسري الصحابة والتابعين ومن بعدهم، ويتعرض لتفسير الآية بلفظ سهل موجز وينقل ماجاء عن السلف فى تفسيرها بدون أن يذكر السند لأنه قد ذكر فى مقدمة تفسيره إسناده إلى كل من يروى عنهم. هذا الكتاب طبع أول مرة فى نسخة واحدة مع تفسير إبن كثير كما طبع مع تفسير الخازن. وهذا الكتاب فسر القرآن الكريم بأسلوب تحليلى من أول السورة حتى آخر السورة واستعمال منهج التفسير المأثوربذكر الأدلة من الأحاديث النبوية الصحيحة والفتاوي من الصحابة والتابعين. وكان الإتجاه أو الهدف لهذا التفسير هو إتجاه الفقه الذي يميل إلى فقه الشافعية. الكلمات الدالة: البغوي، معالم التنزيل، التفسير التحليلى، التفسير المأثور.                      Abstract This study aims to describe the metodology of Ma'a> lim al-tanzi>l book by al-Bagawi. The book is one of the books of exegesis written on the basis of hadith, which by the commentary scholars recognized avoided from heresy and weak hadith. The author of this book is Imam Abu Humaid Hussein bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>’ Al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, died in the year 510 H. This exegesis book combines the interpretation of the companions, tabi‘i>n, and tabi‘i> tabi‘i>n. Interpretation is broken down with easy, simple, and concise diction choices. The stoning of the interpretation of the salaf scholars without mentioning the sanad as already mentioned in the introduction to his book. This book was first printed in one edition with the exegesis book of Ibn Kas}i>r and al-kha>zin. This book interprets the Qur'an analytically from the beginning to the end of the surah by using the method of interpretation based on the hadith, namely by mentioning the arguments of the hadith sahih, the fatwa of the companions and the tabi‘i>n. The characteristic or purpose of this book is fiqh oriented, which tends to the Shafi‘i fiqh.   Abstrak Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan metode penafsiran dalam kitab Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l karya al-bagawi. Kitab tafsir ini merupakan salah satu di antara kitab-kitab tafsir yang ditulis berdasarkan riwayat, yang oleh para ulama tafsir diakui terhindar dari bid’ah dan hadis dhaif (lemah). Penulis buku ini adalah Imam Abu Muhammad Husain bin Mas‘u>d al-Farra>‘ al-Bagawi al-Syafi‘i>, wafat pada tahun 510 H. Kitab ini adalah kitab pertengahan yang mengutip penafsiran para Sahabat, ta>bi‘i>n, dan tabi‘i ta>bi‘i>n. Penafsiran diuraikan dengan pilihan diksi yang mudah, sederhana, dan ringkas. Penukilan dari interpretasi ulama salaf tanpa menyebutkan sanad karena telah disebutkan dalam pendahuluan bukunya. Buku ini pertama kali dicetak dalam satu edisi dengan tafsir Ibn Kas\i>r dan tafsir al-Kha>zin. Kitab ini menafsirkan al-Qur’an secara analitis dari awal sampai akhir surah dengan menggunakan metode penafsiran yang berdasarkan riwayat, yakni dengan menyebutkan dalil-dalil dari hadis sahih, fatwa para sahabat dan kalangan tabi‘i>n. Corak penafsiran ini adalah corak fiqh, yang cenderung pada fiqh Syafi'i.                        Kata kuci: Ma’a>lim al-tanzi>l, al-Bagawi, corak penafsiran, metodologi penafsiran, al-ma’s}u>r

    Perlakuan Terhadap Pengungsi Menurut Konvensi Jenewa Tahun 1951 Tentang Status Pengungsi (Studi Kasus Di Kota Pekanbaru)

    No full text
    Refugees are an international problem affecting several countries. Generally refugees are victims of human rights from their home countries, and migrate to other countries asking for protection to obtain their rights. The rights possessed by refugees, according to the 1951 convention, challenge refugee status are the right to freedom of religion, the right to have movable and immovable property, the right to associate, the right to education, the right to decent working conditions and social security, the prohibition of eviction and return. The Immigration Detention House (Rudenim) Pekanbaru which currently has as many as 1,176 (one thousand one hundred seventy-six) refugees. Thus it is known that the Pekanbaru City Immigration Detention House has experienced excess capacity. As a result of this excess capacity, refugees face a problem in implementing refugee rights according to the 1951 Geneva Convention on Refugee Status. The main problem of this research is how is the treatment of refugees according to the 1951 Geneva Convention Concerning Refugee Status in Pekanbaru City and how are the obstacles and solutions to the application of refugee rights according to the 1951 Geneva Convention on Refugee Status in Pekanbaru City. The research method used in this study is sociological legal research, while the nature of this study is descriptive. The population in this study were UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) Staff Representatives for Pekanbaru City and the Kasubsi Administration and Reporting Office of the Pekanbaru Detention Center with census sampling techniques. The selected sample was subsequently determined to be the respondent in this study. Data collection tool used was an interview. From the results of research conducted by the author, it is known that the treatment of refugees in Pekanbaru City has not been given the rights as stated in the 1951 Convention including the right to work and the right to get an education. Every refugee in Pekanbaru City is processed through the Immigration Office and accommodated at the Immigration Detention House, which is then processed by UNHCR to determine refugee status. The refugees in the Immigration Detention House (Rudenim) Pekanbaru City also lacked comfort, because of the limited space or rooms, even the lobbies were also filled by refugees whose number reached 20 people per lobby on a makeshift base. Obstacles to the application of refugee rights in Pekanbaru City are: 1) The Indonesian government ratified the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol, 2) the facilities and infrastructure of the Pekanbaru detention center were inadequate. The solution to the application of refugee rights in Pekanbaru City is: 1) applying the rules regarding human rights that exist in the 1945 Constitution, Law no. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, as well as Law No. 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management, 2) increasing cooperation with UNHCR. Kuci'

    PARTISIPASI KARANG TARUNA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DI DESA MULYOREJO II KECAMATAN BUNGA MAYANG LAMPUNG UTARA

    No full text
    Abstrak Partisipasi sosial merupakan sebuah keterlibatan aktif individu atau kelompok dalam berbagai kegiatan sosial yang bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama, memecahkan masalah sosial, atau meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dalam penelitian ini partisipasi karang taruna yang di maksud adalah peran dari karang taruna dalam ikut adil membagun desa mulyorejo II dengan lebih baik dengan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan yang di gerakan untuk tujuan para generasi muda menjadi pemuda yang bisa mengembangkan desa mulyorejo yang lebih maju. Berdasarkan permasalahan diatas penulis merumuskan beberapa rumusan masalah adalah pertama Bagaimana Partisipai Karang Taruna dan Pemerintah Desa dalam Membangun kemakmuran di masyarakat Mulyorejo II Kecamatan Bungamayang Kabupaten Lampung Utara dan yang kedua Program Karang Taruna menanggulangi Lemahnya masyarakat generasi muda dalam berpartisipasi memangun Desa Mulyorejo II Kecamatan Bungamayang Kabupaten Lampung Utara. Metode penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (Field reserch). Sifat dari penelitian ini yaitu penulis akan mendeskripsikan data temuan lapangan. Metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi peneliti mengamati secara langsung dilapangan, wawancara yang dimana peneliti berkomunikasi secara verbal dalam bentuk percakapan untuk memperoleh informasi dan dokumentasi yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran umum deskripsi lokasi penelitian. Wawancara yang digunakan kepada informan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, dan dokumentasiyang didapatkan dari program kegiatan yang di buat oleh karang taruna sehingga dapat membantu masyarakat kurang mampu. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah teori partisipasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi karang taruna dalam ikut serta membangun desa Mulyorejo II yaitu yang pertama partisipasi aktif Karang Taruna Desa Mulyorejo II telah memberikan dampak yang sangat positif dan signifikan bagi kemajuan desa. Mereka tidak hanya mengusulkan ide-ide segar dan inovatif, tetpi juga berperan langsung dalam pelaksanaan program-program pembangunan. Dan kedua Keterlibatan Karang Taruna dalam perencanaan musyawarah pembangunan desa menjadi wujud nyata implementasi demokrasi di tingkat desa. Mereka berperan aktif dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, memastikan bahwa keputusan pembangunan lebih inklusif, relevan, dan berkelanjutan. Hal ini tercermin dalam keberhasilan program seperti pembangunan taman desa yang tidak hanya estetis tetapi juga fungsional sebagai ruang publik. Serta ketiga Karang Taruna Desa Mulyorejo II, Kecamatan Bungamayang, Kabupaten Lampung Utara, telah berhasil menunjukkan peran aktifnya dalam pembangunan sosial masyarakat melalui berbagai program strategis yang dibagi menjadi jangka panjang, menengah, dan pendek. Partisipasi aktif mereka tidak hanya memberikan manfaat langsung bagi masyarakat, tetapi juga membangun karakter dan kapasitas kepemimpinan para pemuda. Kata Kuci : Karang Taruna, Pembangunan Desa, Masyarakat. Abstract Social participation is an active involvement of individuals or groups in various social activities aimed at achieving common goals, solving social problems, or improving community welfare. In this study, the participation of Karang Taruna in question is the role of Karang Taruna in fairly building the village of Mulyorejo II better through activities that are driven for the purpose of the younger generation becoming young people who can develop a more advanced village of Mulyorejo. Based on the problems above, the author formulates several problem formulations, namely, first, How does Karang Taruna and the Village Government participate in building prosperity in the community of Mulyorejo II, Bungamayang District, North Lampung Regency and second, the Karang Taruna Program overcomes the weakness of the younger generation in participating in building the village of Mulyorejo II, Bungamayang District, North Lampung Regency. The research method in this thesis is descriptive qualitative using the type of field research (Field research). The nature of this research is that the author will describe the data found in the field. Data collection methods in the form of observations by researchers observing directly in the field, interviews where researchers communicate verbally in the form of conversations to obtain information and documentation aimed at obtaining a general description of the research location. Interviews used with informants using purposive sampling techniques, and documentation obtained from activity programs created by Karang Taruna so that they can help underprivileged communities. The theory used to analyze this study is the theory of participation. The results of this study indicate that the participation of Karang Taruna in participating in building the village of Mulyorejo II, namely the first active participation of Karang Taruna Mulyorejo II Village has had a very positive and significant impact on the progress of the village. They not only propose fresh and innovative ideas, but also play a direct role in implementing development programs. And secondly, the involvement of Karang Taruna in planning village development deliberations is a real manifestation of the implementation of democracy at the village level. They play an active role in the decision-making process, ensuring that development decisions are more inclusive, relevant, and sustainable. This is reflected in the success of programs such as the development of village parks that are not only aesthetic but also functional as public spaces. And the three Karang Taruna of Mulyorejo II Village, Bungamayang District, North Lampung Regency, have succeeded in showing their active role in social development of the community through various strategic programs divided into long, medium, and short terms. Their active participation not only provides direct benefits to the community, but also builds the character and leadership capacity of the youth. Keywords: Karang Taruna, Village Development, Community

    Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Subsets Carrying Stereotyped B Cell Receptors

    No full text
    In recent years, subsets of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients carrying quasi-identical or stereotyped B cell receptors (BcRs) have been identified that share clinicobiological features and disease outcome. While these stereotyped subsets show distinct gene expression and genomic profiles, the DNA methylation landscape remains largely unexplored. By applying high-resolution 450K methylation arrays, we investigated 176 CLL subset cases belonging to: (i) the clinically aggressive, IGHV-unmutated (U-CLL) subsets 1(clanIgenes/IGKV(D)139,n=37)and1 (clan I genes/IGKV(D)1-39, n=37) and 8 (IGHV4-39/IGKV1(D)-39, n=21); (ii) the IGHV1-69-expressing U-CLL subsets 3(n=12),3 (n=12), 5 (n=9), 6(n=22),and6 (n=22), and 7 (n=12); and, (iii) the indolent, IGHV-mutated (M-CLL) subset 4(IGHV434/IGKV230,n=28).Inaddition,weincludedsubset4 (IGHV4-34/IGKV2-30, n=28). In addition, we included subset 2 cases (IGHV3-21/IGLV3-21, mixed mutation status, n=35) that have a poor outcome independent of IGHV mutation status. For comparative purposes, we included a cohort of CLL cases that do not express stereotyped BcRs ('non-subset', n=325). These patients were subgrouped according to the recently proposed epigenetic classification of CLL, i.e. poor-prognostic, naive-like CLL (n-CLL, n=102), favorable-prognostic, memory-like CLL (m-CLL; n=176), broadly corresponding to U-CLL and M-CLL, respectively, and a third intermediate CLL subgroup (i-CLL; n=47), which express borderline mutated IGHV genes and have an intermediate prognosis. Finally, a series of sorted normal subpopulations spanning different stages of B-cell differentiation [precursors (n=22), naive B cells (n=19) and germinal center/memory B-cells (n=33)] were also included in the analysis. Overall, unsupervised analysis of subset vs. non-subset CLL revealed that all U-CLL subsets clustered with n-CLL, subset 4clusteredwithmCLL,whilesubset4 clustered with m-CLL, while subset 2 clustered separately with i-CLL (Figure 1). Supervised analysis revealed a limited number of CpG sites that were differentially methylated when comparing each U-CLL or M-CLL subset with non-subset cases. In contrast, almost all subset 2casesclusteredseparatelyfromiCLLinsupervisedanalysis,indicatingthatthissubsetmightrepresentadistinctsubgroupofiCLL.Werecentlydemonstratedthatthenumberofepigeneticchangesthatatumoracquires,comparedtoitscellularorigin(i.e.epigeneticburden),maybeapowerfulpredictorofclinicalaggressiveness(Queirosetal,CancerCell2016).WhenadoptingthisapproachinCLL,comparisonofspecificsubsetsvs.theirnonsubsetcasesmatchedbyepigeneticsubgroup,revealedsignificantdifferencesintheepigeneticburdenamongstthevariousgroupings;forinstance,insubset2 cases clustered separately from i-CLL in supervised analysis, indicating that this subset might represent a distinct subgroup of i-CLL. We recently demonstrated that the number of epigenetic changes that a tumor acquires, compared to its cellular origin (i.e. 'epigenetic burden'), may be a powerful predictor of clinical aggressiveness (Queiros et al, Cancer Cell 2016). When adopting this approach in CLL, comparison of specific subsets vs. their non-subset cases matched by epigenetic subgroup, revealed significant differences in the epigenetic burden amongst the various groupings; for instance, in subset 1 vs. n-CLL (72K vs. 67K, plt;0.05) and in subset 2vs.iCLL(76Kvs.68K,p=0.001),whilenodifferencewasobservedbetweensubset2 vs. i-CLL (76K vs. 68K, p=0.001), while no difference was observed between subset 4 vs. m-CLL (83K vs. 82K, p=not significant). Subset 2casesfrequentlycarrydel(11q)andharborSF3B1mutations,however,neithertheIGHVmutationstatusnorthepresenceofdel(11q)orSF3B1mutationshadanyimpactontheepigeneticburdenwithinsubset2 cases frequently carry del(11q) and harbor SF3B1 mutations, however, neither the IGHV mutation status nor the presence of del(11q) or SF3B1 mutations had any impact on the epigenetic burden within subset 2. In conclusion, U-CLL and M-CLL subsets generally clustered with n-CLL and m-CLL categories, respectively, implying common cellular origins. In contrast, subset 2emergedasthefirstdefinedmemberoftheiCLLgroup,whichinturnalludestoadistinctcellularoriginand/orpathogeneticprocessforsubset2 emerged as the first defined member of the i-CLL group, which in turn alludes to a distinct cellular origin and/or pathogenetic process for subset 2 and i-CLL patients.Disclosures Papakonstantinou: Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding. Smedby: Janssen: Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gaidano: Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Ghia: AbbVie: Consultancy; Adaptive: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an AbbVie Company: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Novartis: Research Funding. Stamatopoulos: Novartis SA: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding.↵* Asterisk with author names denotes non-ASH members
    corecore