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Characterization of the response profile of V̇O2 during and after the performance of 200 meters all out and its application in the evaluation of the maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) of swimmers
No full textO objetivo do presente estudo foi diagnosticar a potência aeróbia máxima (V̇O2max) pela curva de recuperação do V̇O2 no desempenho máximo de 200m (v200m), com propósito de preservar a ecologia de nado devido uma menor perturbação contextual na avaliação do atleta. 13 nadadores (16,2 ± 2,0 anos, 172,9 ± 10,0 cm e 66,4 ± 11,3 kg) realizaram (1º) teste de desempenho máximo em v200m, (2º) protocolo incremental escalonado (TIE - 6 x 250m e 1 x 200m (TIE_200m) - baseados no melhor tempo de v200m), e (3º) teste de fase-constante à v90%ΔvLL-vV̇O2max para confirmação do V̇O2max. A permuta gasosa pulmonar foi analisada respiração-a-respiração durante e após o exercício por um analisador de gases portátil (K4b2, Cosmed, Itália), acoplada a um snorkel (new-AquaTrainer®, Cosmed, Itália), os dados foram utilizados para caracterização da cinética do V̇O2, determinação do V̇O2max (TIE) e V̇O2End-Exercise - V̇O2EE (TIE_200m v200m). Amostras de sangue (25 ul) foram coletadas nos testes TIE e à v90%Δ e lidas (YSI, 2300 STAT, Yellow Springs, Estados Unidos) para a análise do lactato sanguíneo pico, limiares lactacidêmicos e determinação dos parâmetros secundários de esforço máximo. O método de retro-extrapolação da curva de recuperação do V̇O2 foi utilizado para obter os valores de V̇O2pico (TIE_200m e v200m). Os valores obtidos foram apresentados em torno da média e desvio-padrão e averiguados, quanto à normalidade, pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. O teste de ANOVA (uma entrada, conjugado à “Scheffe” como post-hoc) comparou as médias dos parâmetros da cinética do V̇O2 durante e após o exercício. O coeficiente de determinação ajustado à amostra (R2Adj) e de correlação de Pearson (r) foram aplicados para analisar o poder de associativo do valor de V̇O2max, com os valores de V̇O2pico (v200m e TIE_200m). O erro padrão da estimativa (EPE) averiguou a distorção na previsão do V̇O2max pelo V̇O2pico (v200m e TIE_200m). As funções lineares e mono-exponenciais associando V̇O2, lactato sanguíneo, à velocidade de nado e ao tempo de desempenho empregaram o método dos quadrados mínimos. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em ρ ≤ 0,05. As análises estatísticas e matemáticas foram realizadas nos softwares SPSS 18.0® e OriginPro 8®, respectivamente. Os valores de V̇O2max (53,6 ± 7,3 ml×kg1×min-1) não foram diferentes do V̇O2EE para o v200m (3450,7 ± 531,8 ml×min-1, ρ =0,987) e TIE_200m (3410,3 ± 554,6 ml×min-1, ρ = 0,960), tampouco do V̇O2pico obtido por retro-extrapolação apresentou diferenças para v200m (3465 ± 701,2 ml×min-1, ρ = 0,971, R2Adj = 0,875, EPE = 227,7 ml×min-1) e TIE_200m (3556,8 ± 748,8 ml×min-1, ρ = 0,995, R2Adj = 0,861, EPE = 224,1 ml×min-1). Ambos os testes (v200m e TIE_200m) apresentaram resposta completa do ajuste do V̇O2 à 53,0 ± 18,6% e 63,8 ± 23,1 do tempo total de desempenho, respectivamente. Não houveram diferenças entre os parâmetros da cinética durante o exercício para ambos os testes, mas a constante temporal pós-exercício foi diferente (ρ = 0,046), sugerindo que o tempo de ajuste pós-esforço é menor em TIE_200m quando comparado a v200m. O presente estudo confirma a validade do desempenho de 200m como protocolo único para o diagnóstico da aptidão cardiorrespiratória máxima por retro-extrapolação, e a diferença na constante temporal sugere a importância de analisar a influência da capacidade anaeróbia sobre a variação do coeficiente angular e projeção do V̇O2 pelo intercepto da reta no método de retro-extrapolação.The aim of the present study was to diagnose the 2max h 2 recovery curve in the all-out of 200m (v200m), in order to preserve the swimming ecology due to a less contextual disturbance in the athlete's evaluation. 13 swimmers (16.2 ± 2.0 years, 172.9 ± 10.0 cm and 66.4 ± 11.3 kg) performed (1st) maximum performance test in v200m, (2nd) incremental protocol (TIE - 6 x 250m and 1 x 200m (TIE_200m) - based on the best time at v200m), and (3rd) constant-phase test at v90% vLL-v 2max 2max confirmation. The gas exchange was analyzed breath-to-breath during and after exercise by a portable gas analyzer (K4b2 , Cosmed, Italy), coupled to a snorkel (new-AquaTrainer® , Cosmed, Italy), data were used for ch 2 kinetics, determination of 2max 2End-Exercise - 2EE (TIE_200m and v200m). Samples of blood (25 ul) were collected in the TIE and v 90% tests and read (YSI, 2300 STAT, Yellow Springs, USA) for analysis of peak blood lactate, lactacidemic thresholds and determination of secondary parameters of maximal h k- h h 2 recovery curve was used to obtain the values of 2peak (TIE_200m and v200m). The values obtained were presented around the mean and standard deviation and were ascertained, as far as normality, by the Shapiro-W k h AN A “ - ” conjugated to Scheffe as post-hoc) compared the means of 2 kinetics parameters during and after exercise. The sample adjusted coefficient of determination (R2 Adj) and Pearson Correlation (r) were applied to analyze the associative power of the 2max h h 2peak (v200m and TIE_200m). The standard error of the estimation (EPE) verified the distortion in the prediction of the 2max by 2peak (v200m and TIE_200m). The linear and monoexponential functions associated with 2, blood lactate, swim speed and performance time employed the least squares method. The level of significance was set at ρ ≤ 5 S h h software SPSS 18.0® and OriginPro 8® , respectively. The values of 2max (53.6 ± 7.3 ml×kg-1 ×min-1 ) were not different from 2EE for v200m (3450.7 ± 531.8 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.987) and TIE_200m (3410 , 3 ± 554.6 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.960), nor of the 2peak obtained by retro-extrapolation presented differences for v200m (3465 ± 701.2 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.971, R2 Adj = 0.875, EPE = 227.7 ml×min-1 ) and TIE_200m (3556.8 ± 748.8 ml×min-1 , ρ = 0.995, R2 Adj = 0.861, EPE = 224.1 ml×min-1 ). Both tests (v200m and TIE_200m) showed complete response of 2 adjustment to 53.0 ± 18.6% and 63.8 ± 23.1 of the total performance time, respectively. There were no differences between the kinetics parameters during exercise for both tests, but the time constant () post-exercise was different (ρ = 0.046), suggesting that the post-exercise adjustment time was lower in TIE_200m when compared to v200m. The present study confirms the validity of the 200m performance as a single protocol for the diagnosis of maximal cardiorespiratory fitness by retro-extrapolation, and the difference in suggests the importance of analyzing the influence of anaerobic capacity on the variation of the angular coefficient and 2 projection by the line intercept in the back-extrapolation method.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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