1,720,962 research outputs found
Developmental Programming of Hypothalamic Neural Circuits Integrating Fluid and Energy Homeostasis
No full textDrinking and feeding are coordinated homeostatic events, but our understanding of the development of their converging hypothalamic neural circuits remains rudimentary. Many environmental factors developmentally program neural circuits during critical periods in early postnatal life. Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are substrates of developmental programming, responding to nutritional cues during a critical period to reach downstream targets. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) receives inputs from both AgRP neurons and the median preoptic nucleus (MEPO) to regulate energy and fluid homeostasis, representing a possible node of integration. We used TRAP2;Ai14 double transgenic mice to show a population of active neurons responding to water deprivation (Thirst-TRAP) overlaps with fast-refeed Fos induction (Hunger-Fos) in the PVH. To determine the age at which MEPO projections reach the PVH, we used DiI axonal labeling as well as Fos-labeling in response to hypertonic saline (HS). Our results indicate neurons in the MEPO project to the PVH and respond to HS by the end of the first week of life, and densities of Fos-labeled nuclei in the PVH do not peak until the second postnatal week, preceding innervation of the PVH by AgRP neurons. Based on these observations, we hypothesized perturbations to fluid homeostasis in neonatal mice may impact the formation of AgRP circuitry with sustained changes in ingestive behavior. Adult male mice exposed to HS treatment daily from postnatal day (P) 5 to P15 (HSPN) displayed significantly increased densities of AgRP axons in the MEPO and PVH, while female HSPN mice experienced a decrease in the MEPO. Short-term high fat diet (HFD) exposure leads to greater water intake in adult HSPN male mice, while long-term HFD leads to a significantly lower body weight gain in HSPN females. Moreover, a dehydration-anorexia challenge results in a sustained anorexic response HSPN males after rehydration, while a fast-refeed challenge results in a sustained decrease in water intake in HSPN males after refeeding. Together, these results suggest a sexually dimorphic effect of early perturbations to fluid homeostasis on the development of feeding circuits, with context-specific consequences for ingestive behavior
Regulation of RNA Editing by Intracellular Acidification
No full textAdenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing to expand the diversity of genomically-encoded transcripts and proteins by hydrolytic deamination of genomically-encoded adenosine residues in metazoan double-stranded RNAs. This RNA processing event is widespread, especially in the human transcriptome, and enables post-transcriptional regulation of many cellular processes. Despite the prevalence and profound biological impact of RNA editing, the mechanisms modulating ADARs and RNA editing are poorly understood. In this work, we compare two different experimental strategies for quantification of A-to-I editing, as well as examine numerous in vitro and in vivo model systems to investigate the modulation of RNA editing
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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