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FIGURE 8 in The rare subgroup C 1 of Marphysa (Polychaeta, Eunicidae): re-description of species and first records in the Mediterranean Sea
No full textFIGURE 8. Marphysa gemmata (BMNH 1971.49) a) anterior parapodium; b) long composite falciger; c) anterior pectinate setae; d) acicular seta; dc: dorsal cirri; pc: post-chaetal lobe; vc: ventral cirri.Published as part of Katsiaras, Nikolaos, Simboura, Nomiki & Koutsoubas, Drosos, 2014, The rare subgroup C 1 of Marphysa (Polychaeta, Eunicidae): re-description of species and first records in the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 201-217 in Zootaxa 3873 (3) on page 211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22864
Marphysa purcellana Willey 1904
No full textMarphysa purcellana Willey, 1904 Fig. 6 a–h, 7 a–d, Table 2 Marphysa purcellana Willey 1904: 263, Plate 13 Figure 17; Day 1953: 435; Day 1960: 335; Day 1963 a: 408; Day 1967: 397, Figures 17.6 k–o Material examined: Type (BMNH 1911.2.1.13), Table Bay, 1904, 1 specimen, 95mm long and 5mm width, complete; Mounted Slides from same type (BMNH 1911.2.1.49– 52). Description. Prostomium bilobed anteriorly, slightly longer than first peristomial ring, which is almost four times longer than second peristomial ring (Fig. 7 a). Three antennae and a pair of dorso-lateral palps present. Antennae are slightly shorter than the prostomium; median antenna shorter than the laterals. Antennae arranged in line and seem to be wrinkled, but possibly due to preservation. Eyes present, positioned posteriorly to the two lateral antennae and covered by the peristomial ring. Maxillary formula: I(1 + 1), II(5 + 5), III(5 +0), IV (3 + 8). Dorsal cirri cirriform in anterior body, more thin and slender after mid-body; slightly longer than parapodial lobe in anterior, increasing their length (1.24 mm) up to about three times as long in branchial region (Fig. 6 a) and gradually decreasing again posteriorly (Fig. 6 e). Ventral cirri tongue-shaped with rounded tips at the first 6–7 chaetigers, the tips bear a distal papilla in branchial segments (Fig. 6 a), which gradually gets less distinct after midbody to finally have rounded tips in the posterior body (Fig. 6 e). Ventral cirri (0.6 mm) shorter than dorsal cirri and almost as long as parapodial lobes throughout. Post-chaetal lobe elongated and tongue-shaped in anterior and midbody (Fig. 6 a); more than twice as long as acicular lobe in anterior segments, decreasing much in size to a similar length after the mid-body (Fig. 6 e). Pre-chaetal lobe always truncated and straight. Branchiae (Fig. 6 a) present from 8 to 28 chaetiger; all pectinate and always emerging from the same stem of dorsal cirri. First branchiae with 4 filaments, gradually increasing up to about 18 filaments and length (1.58 mm) a bit longer than dorsal cirri and then decreasing again down to 11 filaments at the last branchiae. Superior setae in each fascicle consist of: (1) 3–4 long and slender capillaries, (2) 9–11 relatively shorter and slender capillaries, (3) 1–2 heterodont pectinate setae in anterior body, up to 12 in posterior body (Fig. 6 h); marginal teeth longer and unequal to each other (twice as long) throughout the body, with 8–12 teeth in anterior region (Fig. 6 f), increasing up to 20 in posterior half of mid-body (Fig. 6 g, 7 c). Inferior setae consist only of composite falcigers, bidentate and hooded (Fig. 7 b). No composite spiniger present. Composite falcigers usually up to 16 per fascicle, more than 30 present at the branchial region. Towards the posterior body, the number and length of all setae decreasing, except of pectinate that increases. The length of the falciger blades is mediocre (40–56 µm) and about equal between falcigers of the same fascicle in most of the body (Fig. 6 c), except of branchial region where a few falcigers have blade-length more than twice as long as the others (Fig. 6 b, 7 b). Aciculae blunt, dark with pale tips, 3 per parapodium until mid-body (Fig. 6 e); but only 2 towards the posterior end. Acicular setae light brown, bidentate, teeth have about 60 ° angle between them, subdistal tooth slightly wider than distal tooth (Fig. 6 d, 7 d). Distribution. South Africa: Table Bay (Willey 1904); Mossel Bay, Algoa Bay, False Bay, South Coast (Day 1960); Orange River estuary (Day 1963 a). Ecology. Kelp forests of Ecklonia maxima (Willey 1904); Sand with shells, coralline algae, rocks and stones (Day 1960). Remarks. Marphysa purcellana original description was very brief and without adequate figures. The differentiation from M. adenensis was based only on the shape of the prostomium (bilobed, rounded in M. adenensis), the length of the median antennae (shorter than the prostomium, rather than longer) and the starting point of branchiae (8 th chaetiger, instead of 15). However, the anterior shape of the prostomium has been found to vary even in the same species (Fauchald 1970), the antennae are often lost or incomplete and the first branchial segment could be age-specific. Day (1934) concluded at first, that it must be a synonym of M. adenensis, but after a personal examination of the type (Day 1953), he re-enacted it to a distinct species. On the differential characters, he also added the shape of acicular setae, without any other details, probably observing a vertical angle between the teeth and a much wider sub-distal tooth in M. adenensis, as also confirmed in the present re-examination of the type-materials. Another important difference, suggested by the present study, should be the increasing number of pectinate setae (up to 12) in half mid-body and towards the posterior end in M. purcellana (1–2 along the body in M. adenensis) and the higher teeth number of the pectinate setae (8–12 in anterior and 18–20 in posterior body in M. purcellana, instead of 4–6 and 7–8 respectively in M. adenensis).Published as part of Katsiaras, Nikolaos, Simboura, Nomiki & Koutsoubas, Drosos, 2014, The rare subgroup C 1 of Marphysa (Polychaeta, Eunicidae): re-description of species and first records in the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 201-217 in Zootaxa 3873 (3) on pages 208-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22864
Marphysa gemmata Mohammad 1973
No full textMarphysa gemmata Mohammad, 1973 Fig. 8 a–d, 9 a–d, Table 2 Marphysa gemmata Mohammad 1973: 32, Figures 4–5 Material examined. Holotype (BMNH 1971.49), Kuwait, 9 /05/1969, 1 specimen, 90 mm long and 3mm width, 165 segments with posterior end missing. Description. Holotype an anterior fragment of about 165 segments (Fig. 9 a). Prostomium slightly incised, shorter than first peristomial ring, which is twice as long than second peristomial ring. 3 antennae and a pair of dorso-lateral palps present. Median antennae almost twice as long as the prostomium; dorso-lateral palps shorter. Antennae arranged in curved line and seem to be wrinkled, but possibly due to preservation. Eyes absent. Jaws removed. Maxillary formula (according to Mohammad, 1973): I(1 + 1), II(8 + 8), III(8 +0), IV (8 + 10). Dorsal cirri cirriform in anterior body (Fig. 8 a), more thin and slender after mid-body; almost twice as long (0.76 mm) as the parapodial lobe (0.32 mm) in anterior, increasing their length (1 mm) after first branchiae and remains at about this size. Ventral cirri tongue-shaped with rounded tips at the first 6–7 chaetigers, the tips bear a distal papilla in branchial segments (Fig. 8 a), which gradually gets less distinct after mid-body to finally have rounded tips in the posterior body. Ventral cirri (0.28 mm) shorter than dorsal cirri and almost as long as parapodial lobes, except of the posterior body where it is clearly longer. Post-chaetal lobe elongated and tongue-shaped in anterior and mid-body (Fig. 8 a); more than twice as long (0.24 mm) as acicular lobe in anterior segments, decreasing much in size to a similar length after the mid-body (0.12 mm to 0.05 mm). Pre-chaetal lobe is always truncated and straight. Branchiae present from 22 to 46 chaetiger; all pectinate and up to 18 filaments; always emerging from the same stem of dorsal cirri. Subcirral organs not distinct. Superior setae in each fascicle consist of: (1) 3–4 long and slender capillaries, (2) 13–15 relatively shorter and slender capillaries, (3) 0–1 heterodont pectinate setae in anterior body (Fig. 8 c), rare, missing from posterior half of mid-body and towards the end (last observed at chaetiger 61); with 5–8 teeth, marginal teeth longer and unequal to each other (twice as long). Inferior setae consist only of composite falcigers, bidentate and hooded (Fig. 8 b, 9 b). No composite spiniger present. Composite falcigers usually up to 35 per fascicle. In each fascicle of anterior body and branchial body, there are 3–4 falcigers with notably longer and thinner blades (up to 130 µm), very few also with bended tip, about one and half times longer than the others (up to 85 µm). The length and the number of all setae decrease close to the posterior end. Aciculae blunt, pale yellow at the edge; 1–2 per parapodium. Acicular seta, beginning from about chaetiger 58 are pale yellow, hooded and bidentate; teeth have almost 90 ° angle between them; subdistal almost twice as wide (Fig. 8 d, 9 c). Remarks. Although the subcirral organs were not observed, there were described and illustrated in detail by Mohammad (1973) and so their low distinctness when re-examining the holotype should be a matter of preservation. This character should distinguish M. gemmata from the other species by contrast, but low distinctness of such organs could also apply for the rest of species that were preserved in the same method and such character could have been overlooked by past authors. In any case, additional differences of M. gemmata from the other species were found in the present study. M. gemmata differiates from M. purcellana also by a different shape of acicular setae (90 ° angle between teeth and subdistal twice as wide in M. gemmata., than 60 ° angle and subdistal only slightly wider in M. purcellana). The shape of acicular shape is similar to those of M. adenensis, but it differs from the latter also for having sparse distribution of pectinate setae in anterior body and completely missing from posterior body. Distribution. Persian Gulf: Kuwait (Mohammad 1973). Ecology. Sand substrate (Kuwait).Published as part of Katsiaras, Nikolaos, Simboura, Nomiki & Koutsoubas, Drosos, 2014, The rare subgroup C 1 of Marphysa (Polychaeta, Eunicidae): re-description of species and first records in the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 201-217 in Zootaxa 3873 (3) on pages 211-213, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22864
An update on the systematics and occurrence of the fanworm genus Pseudofabriciola Fitzhugh, 1990 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae: Fabriciinae) in the Mediterranean
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Marphysa adenensis Gravier 1900
No full textMarphysa adenensis Gravier, 1900 Fig. 1 a–h, 2 a–d, 3, 4a–d, 5 a–d, Table 2 Marphysa adenensis Gravier 1900: 270, Plate 14 Figures 91–92; Text-figures 140–143; Day 1962: 644; Day 1967: 399, Figures 17.6 p–s Type material. Holotype (MNHN POLY TYPE 0531) from Aden Sea, 1900, 1 specimen, 45mm long and 0.75 width, 200 segments, posterior end missing, jaws removed. Non-type material. Lesvos Island, Gera Gulf 15 / 9 / 2009: 3 specimens (GP- 4 B): 76 segments 30 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, 62 segments 24 mm long and 2.5 mm wide, 74 segments 25 mm long and 1mm wide; 1 specimen (GP- 2 B): in the 25 segments 30 mm long and 4 mm wide; Methoni 24 / 4 / 2012: 3 specimens (1 /WFD 3 R 1): 54 segments 10.3 mm long and 1 mm wide, 43 segments 5 mm long and 1 mm wide, 35 segments 9 mm long and 1.5 mm wide; Lesvos Strait 29 / 3 / 2013: 1 specimens (3 /WFD 70 R 1): 42 segments 20 mm long and 1.7mm wide. Description. Holotype an anterior fragment of about 200 segments (Fig. 5 a). All 8 Mediterranean specimens anterior fragments; longest 30 mm long and 2.5 wide with 76 segments; shortest 5 mm long and 0.9 mm wide with 43 segments. Prostomium rounded anteriorly, as long as first peristomial ring, which is longer than second peristomial ring. Three antennae present and a pair of dorso-lateral palps. Antennae slightly longer than prostomium; median longer. Antennae arranged in slightly curved line and slightly articulated. Eyes present, positioned behind the lateral antennae. Jaws removed from holotype. Maxillary formula of Mediterranean material: I(1 + 1), II(5-7 + 7-8), III(6-7 +0), IV (4 + 8) (Fig. 3). Dorsal cirri cirriform in anterior body, more thin and slender after mid-body; slightly longer than the parapodium in anterior region, increasing in size up to twice as long after the first branchiae. Ventral cirri tongueshaped with rounded tips in anterior body, tips with a distal papilla in branchial segments, which gradually becomes less distinct after mid-body. Ventral cirri slightly shorter than the parapodium lobe. Post-chaetal lobes elongated and tongue-shaped, much longer than acicular lobe, gradually decreasing down to a similar length in posterior body. Pre-chaetal lobes always truncated and straight, shorter than acicular lobes. Branchiae present from chaetiger 10–17 until 16–32, depending on specimen size; all pectinate and have up to 10 filaments. Holotype: Superior setae in each fascicle consist of: (1) 3–5 long capillaries, (2) 4–9 relatively shorter capillaries, (3) 1–2 heterodont pectinate setae, marginal teeth longer and unequal to each other (twice as long) throughout the body, with 4–5 teeth in anterior region (Fig. 4 c, 5 c), increasing up to 7–8 towards the posterior end (Fig. 4 d). Inferior setae consist only of composite falcigers, bidentate and hooded (Fig. 4 b, 5 b). There are up to 20 in anterior body, but only up to 10 at the posterior part. No composite spinigers present. Towards the posterior body, the number and length of all setae is decreasing, except of pectinate which remains the same. The length of the falciger blades is relatively short (32–40 µm in anterior chaetigers; decreasing down to 12–20 µm in posterior) and about equal between falcigers of the same fascicle, but with a slight length gradation (from 90 µm up to 140 µm) in the branchial region (one and half times longer). Aciculae blunt and pale. Acicular setae, beginning from chaetiger 35; pale yellow, hooded and bidentate; teeth have almost 90 ° angle between them; subdistal almost twice as wide (Fig. 4 a, 5 d). Mediterranean material: Superior setae in each fascicle consist of: (1) 3–5 long serrated capillaries (Fig. 1 a), (2) 4–9 short serrated capillaries, (3) 1–2 heterodont pectinate setae, marginal teeth longer and unequal to each other (twice as long) throughout the body, with 4–8 teeth in total (Fig. 1 f–h, 2 c), regardless of specimen dimensions. Inferior setae consist only of serrated, bidentated and hooded composite falcigers. No composite spiniger present. In each fascicle of anterior body (Fig. 1 b, 2 b), or until the mid-body in older individuals (Fig. 1 c), there are 3–4 falcigers with notably longer and thinner blades (up to 160 µm; 115.3 µm average in older, 68 µm average in younger specimens), more than twice as long as the other (up to 76 µm; 55.3 µm average in older, 34.6 µm average in younger specimens). The length and the number of all setae decrease close to the posterior end (Fig. 1 d), except the pectinate which remains the same. Aciculae blunt, pale yellow at the edge and dark brown at base; 2–3 per parapodium in anterior body, only 1 after the first branchiae. Acicular setae, beginning from chaetiger 22–35 (depending on specimen dimensions) are pale yellow, hooded and bidentate; teeth have almost 90 ° angle between them; subdistal almost twice as wide (Fig. 1 e, 2 d). Distribution. Red Sea: Aden (Gravier 1900), Indian Ocean: Madagascar (Day 1962), Reunion Island (Bigot et al. 2008), Pacific Ocean: Hong Kong (Mak 1980), Andaman Sea (Aungtonya et al. 2002). Mediterranean Sea: Gera Gulf, Lesvos Island; Mytilene Strait (East Aegean Sea), Methoni (South Ionian Sea). Ecology. Soft mud (Madagascar), Muddy sand with sea-shells (Andaman Sea), coral communities (Hong Kong). P. oceanica beds and two individuals have been found especially in shoot sheaths micro-habitat (Greece). Remarks. Marphysa adenensis is the first species of the genus described as having present only composite falcigers in inferior setae and branchiae limited to the anterior body. Although the blades of the falcigers are referred as “long and narrow” both in the original description and the subsequent description by Day (1963), no remarks are made for the presence of length gradation among the blades. The re-examination of the holotype in the present study showed that there is a length gradation in the branchial region. The Mediterranean specimens differ from the holotype by having a stronger gradation of falciger blades-length (more than twice as long, rather than one and half). However, there are a lot of falcigers missing blades in the holotype, after a century of preservation, especially in the first segments. Maxillary apparatus has been dissected out from the holotype, but the maxillary formula of the Mediterranean specimens differ from the published formula by Day (1967). In particular, the latter have more teeth in maxillary IV (4 + 8 in the Mediterranean specimens, than 7 + 11 in the holotype), as well as a slight variation in MxII (5-7 + 7-8 in the Mediterranean specimens, than 7 + 8 in the holotype) and in MxIII (6-7 +0 in the Mediterranean specimens, than 7 +0 in the holotype), varying according to body size. However, the published formula could be considered inadequate, since it seems to be based only on 3 individuals in total (the holotype from Aden; Gravier 1900 and two individual collected from Madagascar; Day 1962) and this number should not be enough to cover the interspecies variation. Besides the above differences, the Mediterranean specimens show important similarities with the holotype, namely in having: a) 1–2 pectinate setae all along the body, up to eight teeth, b) pale yellow acicular setae, hooded and bidentate with teeth that have almost 90 ° angle between them and the subdistal only slightly longer than the distal, but twice as wide. Marphysa adenensis is very similar to M. sp. A from the Gulf of Mexico. Although the personal examination of this species’ type materials was not possible, according to the published description (Gathof 1984) the two species are very similar in terms of strong falciger blades-length gradation (twice as long in figure 40 - 14 e–f), acicular shape (bidentate, hooded, 90 ° angle between the teeth and subdistal is wider than distal in figure 40 - 14 h) and maxillary formula close to the interspecies variation (I: 1 + 1, II: 5-6 + 7, III: 5-7 +0, IV: 2-4 + 5-12). The relation of Μ. sp. A to M. adenensis has to be defined in a future study, since there is a possibility to be a synonym species. Finally, it differs from the other species of Group C 1 from America, M. conferta, mainly in having pectinate setae of fewer teeth (based on published description).Published as part of Katsiaras, Nikolaos, Simboura, Nomiki & Koutsoubas, Drosos, 2014, The rare subgroup C 1 of Marphysa (Polychaeta, Eunicidae): re-description of species and first records in the Mediterranean Sea, pp. 201-217 in Zootaxa 3873 (3) on pages 203-206, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22864
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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