1,720,971 research outputs found
Primary Runoff Elections in the United States
No full textCurrently, ten states allow for runoff primaries. Do these second elections change electoral outcomes? Engstrom and Engstrom (2008) collected and analyzed data from 1980-2002 and found that leader loss -- when the original second-place finisher ends up winning -- occurred in one-third of runoff elections. In this project, I reexamine this finding by collecting data from 1998-2018. I find a similar rate of leader loss and uncover certain patterns about which factors make it most likely. The data I collected can also be used to address questions about whether runoff elections are even useful in the modern times.Political Science, Department ofHonors Colleg
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
State-Level Partisan Considerations In Response To The COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textAt a time when political partisanship throughout the United States already stands at a high level and only continues to increase, will officials elected to represent and protect their constituents act in what they believe to be the best interests of the people who put them in office or those of their party? To answer this question, I examine a critical element of the response to the novel coronavirus disease. Specifically, I address one of the potential partisan dimensions of the state-by-state response: whether the party of the state governor or legislature had an impact on the timing, degree, or efficacy of response. Using a Cox proportional-hazards model, I find that states controlled by Republican governors are less likely than those controlled by Democratic governors to implement stay-at-home mandates, and that Democratic governors are likely to implement such a mandate more quickly than Republicans.Political Science, Department o
Asian-American Political Participation: The Consequences of Social Invisibility
No full textAsian-Americans/ Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) are one of the highest educated and income-earning ethnic groups in the United States. These characteristics typically indicates high political activity, but AAPIs are the least politically active ethnic group in the United States. While past scholars have studied this phenomenon to an extent, political scientists note the deficiency of literature on this topic. In my thesis, I expand on the theories of past scholars and argue that social invisibility is a significant contributor to low political participation among Asian-Americans. Underrepresentation and misrepresentation of AAPIs negatively impact both the ability and willingness of Asians to participate in American politics. I study the effects of social invisibility by surveying a sample of the student population at the University of Houston, the second most diverse university in the country. By comparing AAPI and Caucasian responses, I provide strong support for a negative relationship between social invisibility and political participation. As the AAPI population in the U.S. continues to grow, so will the importance of understanding this group. My research will help future scholars and political campaigns understand the internal and external barriers AAPI face when engaging in American politics. This project was completed with contributions from Justin Kirkland from the Department of Political Science, University of Houston.Honors CollegePolitical Science, Department o
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
ASIAN-AMERICAN POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: THE CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL INVISIBILITY AND POLITICAL ALIENATION
No full textContemporary political scientists have found that Asians do not follow the traditional socioeconomic model that is often used to predict an individual's likelihood to participate in the United States political process. As such, they have begun to explore the barriers to political participation but only focus on the internal roadblocks. Therefore, this paper contributes to the nascent literature on this subject by studying external barriers, such as social invisibility and political alienation, by implementing an original survey at the University of Houston.Political Science, Department ofHonors Colleg
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