1,720,962 research outputs found
Bereavement and imprisonment : a descriptive phenomenological exploration of prisoners’ experiences of bereavement in carceral contexts
Get PDFThis study explores prisoners’ experiences of bereavement and the impact of carceral contexts on manifestations and processing of grief. Death can elicit strong emotional responses, which could result in higher irritability, tendency to act aggressively, and engagement in antisocial mechanisms of numbing the pain (e.g., substance abuse, violence, self-harm). It can also lead to social withdrawal, isolation, and emotional suppression, occasionally re-emerging,often in unexpected ways. Imprisonment, on the other hand, can detach people from their support systems and reduce opportunities to participate in the community. Despite prior research indicating a higher prevalence of bereavement among justice-involved individuals and its potential links with reoffending, both grieving in prisons and the impact of carceral contexts on bereavement remain under-studied. To this end, the researcher conducted 33 semi-structured, voice-recorded interviews with male and female prisoners in two Scottish prisons to capture rich, nuanced narratives of prisoners’ experiences of bereavement. Following Giorgi’s (2000) Descriptive Phenomenological (DP) framework for analysis, the individual accounts of a phenomenon were eventually submerged, enabling its generalized structure to emerge. While the former relayed the subjective, emotional, social, relational, and corporeal aspects of bereavement, the latter implied policy and practice recommendations. The findings discovered the existence of fragmented grief among this sample, in that the continuum of bereavement was interrupted in different ways, depending on the context. Fragmented grief is conceptualized as both an intentional coping mechanism and an outcome of the impact of prison on the processing of grief. Thus, bereavement in carceral contexts simultaneously embodied various, often competing levels of its temporal, spatial, and corporeal manifestations, leaving some prisoners trapped in this liminality, this ambiguity of being neither here nor there. Consequently, the findings from this study are relevant not just for the duration of individuals’ imprisonment but have important implications for release and reintegration.This study explores prisoners’ experiences of bereavement and the impact of carceral contexts on manifestations and processing of grief. Death can elicit strong emotional responses, which could result in higher irritability, tendency to act aggressively, and engagement in antisocial mechanisms of numbing the pain (e.g., substance abuse, violence, self-harm). It can also lead to social withdrawal, isolation, and emotional suppression, occasionally re-emerging,often in unexpected ways. Imprisonment, on the other hand, can detach people from their support systems and reduce opportunities to participate in the community. Despite prior research indicating a higher prevalence of bereavement among justice-involved individuals and its potential links with reoffending, both grieving in prisons and the impact of carceral contexts on bereavement remain under-studied. To this end, the researcher conducted 33 semi-structured, voice-recorded interviews with male and female prisoners in two Scottish prisons to capture rich, nuanced narratives of prisoners’ experiences of bereavement. Following Giorgi’s (2000) Descriptive Phenomenological (DP) framework for analysis, the individual accounts of a phenomenon were eventually submerged, enabling its generalized structure to emerge. While the former relayed the subjective, emotional, social, relational, and corporeal aspects of bereavement, the latter implied policy and practice recommendations. The findings discovered the existence of fragmented grief among this sample, in that the continuum of bereavement was interrupted in different ways, depending on the context. Fragmented grief is conceptualized as both an intentional coping mechanism and an outcome of the impact of prison on the processing of grief. Thus, bereavement in carceral contexts simultaneously embodied various, often competing levels of its temporal, spatial, and corporeal manifestations, leaving some prisoners trapped in this liminality, this ambiguity of being neither here nor there. Consequently, the findings from this study are relevant not just for the duration of individuals’ imprisonment but have important implications for release and reintegration
Can Detention Reduce Recidivism of Youth? An Outcome Evaluation of a Juvenile Detention Center
Get PDFThis study is an outcome evaluation of a secure unit of one juvenile detention center in the Midwest. The primary purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between a secure detention placement and recidivism on a sample of Midwest juvenile offenders. Besides the examination of recidivism of the total sample, this study examined differences between two subsamples of the institutionalized juveniles, those in a treatment program and those in detention only. The importance of demographics, prior admissions, length of stay, frequency of institutional misconduct, and exposure to treatment was examined. Results suggest a significant negative relationship between the age at admission and recidivism, and a positive one between prior admissions and recidivism. Length of stay, institutional misconduct, and treatment did not reach significance. This study did not find support for the effectiveness of juvenile detention in recidivism reduction. Implications of findings and suggestions for future research are discussed
Is food more than a means of survival? An overview of the Balkan prison systems
Get PDFFood is a versatile national, social, and cultural marker. It represents more than just a means of survival (Stajcic, 2013); it is an expression of identity (Jones, 2017). Food has a symbolic power and carries a sense of community, relays customs, habits, and values. According to Godderis (2006), people “do” food. In institutional settings, such as prisons, often stripped of basic human rights and dignity, food can acquire yet another dimensions. It can become a means to pass time, regain normalcy, and cope with daily hardships. Despite its multifaceted importance, there is a paucity of research on prisoners’ diet, with most being done on the US, UK, and Scandinavian prison systems (Smoyer, 2019; Smoyer & Kjaer Minke, 2015). This article drew from academic and non-academic sources (e.g., government reports, newspaper articles, prison blogs) to provide an overview of the Balkan prison systems through the lens of food. It will present weekly menus from three different countries and discuss alternative ways of accessing food in prisons (i.e., through prison commissary, prison farms, and food packages). It will further demonstrate prisoners' use of food to regain autonomy in the context of multiple deprivations. Lastly, this paper will reflect on the role of food, coffee, and cigarettes in prisoners’ socialization, as well as in reiteration of prisoner subculture
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
