1,720,956 research outputs found
Creation and Preservation of Business History: The Selection Trust and Anglo-American Corporation Archives in Zambia’s Copperbelt
Full text linkBased on original archival research and oral interviews, this article examines archives creation and the preservation of the history of the multinational mining companies of Selection Trust (ST) and Anglo-American Corporation (AAC) in Zambia’s Copperbelt region between 1922 and 2000. The investment of foreign capital by multinational companies in the Copperbelt mines from the 1920s, marked the genesis and formal preservation of business archives in the Copperbelt. This article argues that although the ST and ACC archives were privately owned and strictly preserved for corporate interests and administrative efficiency, these documents eventually became publicly available because of Zambia’s political independence and the nationalisation of the mining industry in the 1960s. In the early 1970s, the United National Independence Party (UNIP) government nationalised the Zambian mines and merged the two multinational companies to form the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM). Consequently, in 1982, the ST and ACC archives were merged. However, following the complete privatisation of the mining industry in 2000 the identity of mining archives reverted to private entities. This article provides new and significant insights into the power and role of regional and local political-economic shifts in determining the nature and identity of business archives in Zambia.  
Resource Depository and Knowledge Creation: The role of the National Archives of Zambia, 1935-2006
Full text linkThis study is an attempt to demonstrate and illustrate the role of the National Archives of Zambia in contributing to knowledge and national development through promotion of research. It examines the development of the National Archives from 1935 to 2006 by analysing and highlighting its legal framework, preservation strategies and archival resources in the context of
their role in facilitating research for knowledge and national development. Theoretically, it underscores the role of the National Archives as a public institution that legally acquires,preserves and provides access to information of archival nature for research.
The history and development of archival activities in Zambia is illustrated in the context of archival legislative framework. The initial archival legislation formulated in the colonial period facilitated the creation of a joint archival institution and services for the Central African territories of Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Archives legislation formulated during the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland influenced the way archival services were provided in all the three territories. In the Post-Independence period archival legislation was much more detailed because of changing ideas on how archival services were to be provided. The legislation only guided the management of public records, archives and printed
publications created within Zambia.
The study further highlights the preservation strategies and measures implemented in the colonial and post-independence periods to prolong the life span of archival resources in the custody of
archival institutions for research purposes. Although some preservation practices conducted in the colonial period were carried on in the post-independence period, new advanced preservation approaches were adopted in the light of changes in technology of information production. It is also demonstrated that the preservation of various information resources in the archival
institution attracted a wide variety of research interests both in the colonial and post independence period.It is further established that the provision of archival services both in the colonial and post colonial period encountered various challenges. Some of the challenges experienced in the colonial period remained and persisted even in the post-independence period
Resource Depository and Knowledge Creation: The role of the National Archives of Zambia, 1935-2006
Full text linkThis study is an attempt to demonstrate and illustrate the role of the National Archives of Zambia in contributing to knowledge and national development through promotion of research. It examines the development of the National Archives from 1935 to 2006 by analysing and highlighting its legal framework, preservation strategies and archival resources in the context of their role in facilitating research for knowledge and national development. Theoretically, it underscores the role of the National Archives as a public institution that legally acquires, preserves and provides access to information of archival nature for research. The history and development of archival activities in Zambia is illustrated in the context of archival legislative framework. The initial archival legislation formulated in the colonial period facilitated the creation of a joint archival institution and services for the Central African territories of Northern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Archives legislation formulated during the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland influenced the way archival services were provided in all the three territories. In the Post-Independence period archival legislation was much more detailed because of changing ideas on how archival services were to be provided. The legislation only guided the management of public records, archives and printed publications created within Zambia. The study further highlights the preservation strategies and measures implemented in the colonial and post-independence periods to prolong the life span of archival resources in the custody of archival institutions for research purposes. Although some preservation practices conducted in the colonial period were carried on in the post-independence period, new advanced preservation approaches were adopted in the light of changes in technology of information production. It is also demonstrated that the preservation of various information resources in the archival institution attracted a wide variety of research interests both in the colonial and post-independence period. It is further established that the provision of archival services both in the colonial and post-colonial period encountered various challenges. Some of the challenges experienced in the colonial period remained and persisted even in the post-independence period
A history of archives in Zambia, 1890-1991
No full textEnglish: This thesis examines the significant role of national archives’ legislative framework, and of archival practices of appraisal, preservation and management, in the creation, positioning and formation of an identity for Zambia’s archives under different government systems between 1890 and 1991. In so doing, it describes the procedures involved in the creation of archives and demonstrates the diversity and the shifting notions of the nature and importance of archives for bureaucracies and different government systems. While the British South African Company administration pioneered the process of generating records through administrative operations, their appreciation of records and archives was largely functional and devoid of devising a formal policy for standardising permanent preservation and collection practices. A conceptual shift to archives as sources of precedents and of colonial histories, prompted successive administrations of British colonial government and the federal government of Rhodesia and Nyasaland to devise a system of centralisation of permanent archives and the formulation of legislation denoting the nature of the archives and their safe preservation – thus changing the power dynamic lodged in the archives. In the postcolony, an understanding of archives as custodian of national histories attracted intensive state interest and control through reviews of colonial archives legislation and strategic decentralisation of the archiving system. This thesis argues that Zambia’s archives have a history linked to changing administrative structures, legislative frameworks and archival perceptions and practices. It argues that the nature and position of Zambia’s archives in government, and hence its history, evolved over time with shifts in administration, legislation, archival professionalisation and practices of preservation and management and changes in the perception of archives.Afrikaans: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die betekenisvolle rol van nasionale argiewe se wetgewende raamwerk, asook van argivale waarderingspraktyke, bewaring en bestuur in die skep, posisionering en vorming van ’n identiteit vir Zambië se argiewe onder verskillende regeringstelsels tussen 1890 en 1991. Hierdeur beskryf dit die prosedures betrokke by die skep van argiewe en demonstreer die diversiteit en verskuiwende begrippe van die aard en belangrikheid van argiewe vir burokrasieë en verskillende regeringstelsels. Terwyl die British South African Company se administrasie baanbrekerswerk gedoen het in die proses om rekords met behulp van administratiewe werksaamhede te genereer, was hulle waardering van rekords en argiewe grotendeels funksioneel en sonder enige formele beleid insake die standaardisering van permanente bewaring- en versamelingspraktyke. ’n Konseptuele verskuiwing na argiewe as bronne van presedente en koloniale geskiedenisse het opeenvolgende administrasies van die Britse koloniale regering en die federale regering van Rhodesië en Njassaland aangespoor om ’n stelsel van sentralisasie van permanente argiewe en die veilige bewaring daarvan te ontwerp – om gevolglik die magsdinamiek wat in die argiewe gesetel was te verander. In die postkoloniale tydperk het ’n begrip van argiewe as bewaarders van nasionale geskiedenisse intensiewe staatsaandag en -beheer ten gevolg gehad deur die hersiening van wetgewing rakende koloniale argiewe en strategiese desentralisasies van die argiveringstelsel. Hierdie tesis bepaal egter dat Zambië se argiewe ’n geskiedenis het wat verder terug as hierdie fase van sentralisasie strek, wat verbind kan word met veranderende administratiewe strukture, wetgewende raamwerke en argivale persepsies en praktyke. Dit betoog dat die aard en posisie van Zambië se argiewe in regering, en daarom die geskiedenis daarvan, oor tyd ontwikkel het, met verskuiwings in administrasie, wetgewing, argivale professionalisering en praktyke van bewaring en bestuur, asook veranderings in die persepsie van argiewe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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